Effects of presynchronization and length of proestrus on fertility of grazing dairy cows subjected to a 5-day timed artificial insemination protocol

The objectives were to compare the effects of 2 methods of presynchronization and 2 lengths of proestrus on fertility of grazing dairy cows subjected to a 5-d timed artificial insemination (AI) protocol at initiation of breeding season. Lactating dairy cows (n = 1,754) from 3 seasonal grazing farms were blocked within farm by breed, parity, and days in milk (DIM). Study d 0 was considered the day of AI of cows in COS72 (72 h of proestrus). Within each block, cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 presynchronization treatments: a PGF(2 alpha)-based program, Presynch, consisting of 2 injections of PGF(2 alpha) administered on d -32 and -18, or a PGF(2 alpha)-GnRH based program, Double-Ovsynch (DO), consisting of GnRH on d -25, PGF(2 alpha) on d -18, and GnRH on d -15. Within each of the 2 presynchronization treatments, cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 lengths of proestrus within the 5-d timed AT protocol, consisting of GnRH on d 8, PGF(2 alpha) on d 3 and -2, and GnRH + AI at either 58 h (COS58) or 72 h (COS72) after the d -3 PGF(2 alpha) injection. Ovaries were scanned by ultrasonography twice, on d -42 and 32, to determine estrous cyclicity before enrollment in the study. Blood was sampled and analyzed for concentrations of estradiol on the day of AI. Pregnancies per AI (P/AI) were determined 30 and 65 d after AI. Presynchronization did not affect the concentration of estradiol at AT (DO = 6.4 vs. Presynch = 5.8 pg/mL), detection of estrus at AI (20.8 vs. 25.9%), or P/AI on d 30 (56.8 vs. 59.1%) and 65 (52.5 vs. 52.4%) after the first AI. Cows receiving COS72 had increased concentration of estradiol (6.6 vs. 5.5 pg/mL) and detection of estrus at AI (28.5 vs. 10.8%) compared with cows receiving COS58. Length of proestrus did not affect P/AI on d 30 (COS72 = 58.7 vs. COS58 = 56.1%) but, in Presynch cows, COS58 was detrimental to fertility on d 65 after AI (54.9 vs. 46.5%). Pregnancy loss between gestational d 30 and 65 was greater for Presynch than for DO (7.6 vs. 11.3%), but it was not affected by length of proestrus. Estrous cyclic cows had greater P/AI than anovular cows on d 30 (61.7 vs. 35.1%) and 65 (56.1 vs. 30.7%), but no interaction between estrous cyclic status and treatments was detected. Crossbred Holstein/Jersey cows had superior fertility than their purebred counterparts during the breeding season. The Presynch and DO protocols resulted in similar fertility with no overall difference between the presynchronization methods; however, limiting the length of proestrus to 58 h reduced P/AI in the 5-d timed AI protocol when cows had their estrous cycle presynchronized with Presynch but not with DO.