Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Juan Patricio Anchordoquy, Santiago Nicolas Lorenti, Gustavo Sebastian Polero, Nicolas Agustin Farnetano, Diana Esther Rosa, Mariana Carolina Fabra, Ana Cristina Carranza-Martin, Noelia Nikoloff, Cecilia Cristina Furnus, Juan Mateo Anchordoquy
Summary: This study found that administering copper at the start of a fixed-time artificial insemination protocol can impact ovarian function and pregnancy rate in beef heifers and cows, causing changes in the area of preovulatory follicle and plasma estradiol concentration.
BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Peng Zheng, He Huang, Xiaoyu Li, Fushuo Huang, Samson Olugbenga Adeniran, Ziming Wang, Rui Feng, Guixue Zhang
Summary: This study aimed to improve pregnancy rates of dairy cows during timed artificial insemination (TAI) by using LRH-A3 and HCG. Results showed that while TAI did not affect pregnancy rates, LRH-A3 and HCG increased pregnancy rates in cows. HCG treatment affected gene expressions in endometrial cells.
ANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
C. M. Tippenhauer, J. -l. Plenio, W. Heuwieser, S. Borchardt
Summary: The objective of this observational study was to evaluate the association between increased physical activity at first artificial insemination (AI) and subsequent pregnancy per AI (P/AI) in lactating Holstein cows following spontaneous estrus or a timed AI (TAI) protocol. The study found that high intensity physical activity was positively correlated with pregnancy rate, suggesting that increased physical activity at the time of AI may improve fertility in cows. Rating: 8/10.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Fang Chen, Yi'an Hou, Xiaoqing Zhu, Cheng Mei, Rihong Guo, Zhendan Shi
Summary: In recent decades, embryo transfer has been widely used in dairy cows, but improving the conception rate after transfer remains a major challenge. This review conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of hCG and GnRH in improving pregnancy rates after transfer. The results showed that hCG and GnRH can improve pregnancy rates in cows with poor fertility, but not in cows with good fertility.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Xia Wei, Wei Qiaoli, Liu Mingzhi, Liu Chuang, Zhao Qianqian, Chen Xiaoyu, Zhu Zhiwei, Fang Xiaohuan, Li Sa, Zhang Xiaolei, Hua Weidong, Pan Jianzhi, Tian Jianhui, Li Junjie
Summary: Utilization of female livestock can be optimized through Fixed-Time Artificial Insemination (FTAI), which is important in large-scale livestock production. The APG program significantly increases the number of corpora lutea and differentially expressed genes related to cell communication and angiogenesis, improving reproductive efficiency of gilts.
ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Sanjay Agarwal, Harihar Prasad Gupta, Shiv Prasad, Pawan Kumar Verma, Afroza Khanam, Firdous Ahmad Khan
Summary: This study suggests that while the administration of hCG post AI in Indian crossbred cows may enhance primary luteal dimensions or induce the formation of accessory corpora lutea, it does not appear to have any significant beneficial effect on luteal function or pregnancy.
TROPICAL ANIMAL HEALTH AND PRODUCTION
(2021)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
P. M. Fricke, M. C. Wiltbank
Summary: The Ovsynch protocol has been proven to increase pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI) in lactating dairy cows, compared to cows inseminated after a detected estrus. Implementing timed artificial insemination (TAI) programs has been an important factor in the significant improvement of reproductive performance in lactating dairy cows in the United States over the past 20 years.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Marcelo Vedovatto, Renan Barbosa Lecciolli, Eduardo de Assis Lima, Raizza Fatima Abadia Tulux Rocha, Rafaela Nunes Coelho, Philipe Moriel, Luana Gomes da Silva, Luiz Carlos Louzada Ferreira, Aldair Felix da Silva, Willian Vaniel Alves dos Reis, Dalton Mendes de Oliveira, Gumercindo Loriano Franco
Summary: These two studies evaluated the effects of body condition score (BCS) at the beginning of fixed-timed artificial insemination (FTAI) protocol and subsequent BCS change on ovarian structures, estrus expression, pregnancy rate, and embryo size of multiparous Nellore beef cows.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
D. P. Walsh, A. G. Fahey, P. Lonergan, M. Wallace
Summary: This study used a stochastic simulation model to estimate the potential economic benefit of using timed artificial insemination (TAI) in combination with conventional unsorted and sexed semen in a high-producing, pasture-based production system. The study found that TAI and sexed semen are complementary technologies that can increase genetic gain and profitability in a dairy production system.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Juliana Nascimento Duarte Rodrigues, Jose Domingos Guimaraes, Paulo Sergio Cerqueira Rangel, Maria Emilia Franco Oliveira, Felipe Zandonadi Branda, Pawel Mieczyslaw Bartlewski, Jeferson Ferreira Fonseca
Summary: In artificial insemination, administering 300 IU hCG resulted in higher luteal area and luteal vascularization in goats, leading to a higher pregnancy rate.
SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
M. Hoelper, L. Bretzinger, F. Randi, W. Heuwieser, S. Borchardt
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of 3 different Ovsynch protocols on progesterone and pregnancies per artificial insemination (P/AI). The results showed that a double dose of PGF2 alpha treatment led to decreased progesterone and increased P/AI. The presence of a corpus luteum influenced the treatment effect, and vaginal discharge caused by the PRID did not negatively impact fertility.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
M. H. C. Pereira, F. R. Lopes Jr, A. K. Munhoz, K. G. Pohler, R. V. O. Filho, B. Cappellozza, J. L. M. Vasconcelos
Summary: This study aimed to compare the effects of different lengths of ovulation synchronization protocols on ovarian dynamics and pregnancy outcomes in lactating dairy cows, with the 10-day protocol showing higher pregnancy per artificial insemination rates in non-heat-stressed conditions compared to the 9-day protocol.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Heba A. Sharawy, AbdelRaouf O. Hegab, Mohammed A. Elmetwally
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the reliability of corpus luteum and dominant follicles as imaging parameters for plasma progesterone and pregnancy prediction in cows. Data analysis showed that plasma progesterone concentration had a positive correlation with corpus luteum measurements. ROC curve analysis indicated that progesterone concentrations and certain corpus luteum parameters were the best predictors of pregnancy. The findings suggest that measuring corpus luteum and progesterone levels can effectively predict pregnancy in Holstein dairy cows.
REPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
C. M. Tippenhauer, J-L Plenio, A. M. L. Madureira, R. L. A. Cerri, W. Heuwieser, S. Borchardt
Summary: The observational study aimed to identify factors associated with estrous duration and intensity in lactating Holstein cows, finding a strong correlation between DU and PA, with cows exhibiting high PA having greater odds of pregnancy. Increased temperature-humidity index, short interestrus intervals, and changes in rumination were associated with DU and PA.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Reproductive Biology
Tomomi Kanazawa, Motohide Seki, Kosuke Iga
Summary: The present study aimed to evaluate the applicability of corpus luteum (CL) morphology and blood flow for early pregnancy diagnosis in Japanese Black (JB) cattle. The results showed that CL area and CL tissue area were greater in the pregnant group compared to the non-pregnant group on and after Day 19. Blood flow area (BFA) was also greater in the pregnant group on and after Day 18. Logistic regression analysis revealed that BFA on Days 17-20 was the best single predictor for pregnancy diagnosis, while CL area or CL tissue area on Day 21 was the most accurate predictor. BFA and central cavity area (CCA) were identified as effective predictors for early pregnancy diagnosis on Days 18-20.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
R. S. Bisinotto, E. S. Ribeiro, L. F. Greco, D. Taylor-Rodriguez, A. D. Ealy, H. Ayres, F. S. Lima, N. Martinez, W. W. Thatcher, J. E. P. Santos
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of follicular wave and progesterone concentration on growth of the ovulatory follicle, conceptus elongation, uterine IFN-tau concentration, and transcriptome of conceptus and endometrium in pregnant cows. The results indicated that progesterone concentration had an impact on the growth of ovulatory follicle, but overall had minimal effects on the conceptus and endometrium transcriptome.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Froylan Sosa, Jose E. P. Santos, D. Owen Rae, Colleen C. Larson, Marissa Macchietto, Juan E. Abrahante, Thiago F. Amaral, Anna C. Denicol, Tad S. Sonstegard, Peter J. Hansen
Summary: The SLICK1 mutation in bovine PRLR results in a phenotype characterized by short hair coat and increased heat stress resistance. The mutation, a dominant allele affecting liver gene expression, can also potentially impact other physiological characteristics. Results suggest that inheritance of the SLICK1 allele can lead to functional changes beyond hair growth effects.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
P. Khanal, K. L. Parker Gaddis, M. J. Vandehaar, K. A. Weigel, H. M. White, F. Penagaricano, J. E. Koltes, J. E. P. Santos, R. L. Baldwin, J. F. Burchard, J. W. Durr, R. J. Tempelman
Summary: Residual feed intake (RFI) and feed saved (FS) are important feed efficiency traits that have been increasingly considered in genetic improvement programs. Recent developments in multiple-trait random regression (MTRR) modeling have allowed for more accurate inferences on RFI and FS, particularly considering the effect of change in metabolic body weight (MBW). Although computational challenges are present, the MTRR model offers an efficient strategy for incorporating a wide variety of data recording scenarios in genetic evaluations for feed efficiency.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
P. R. Menta, V. S. Machado, J. M. Pineiro, W. W. Thatcher, J. E. P. Santos, A. Vieira-Neto
Summary: The objective of this retrospective cohort study was to determine the impact of heat stress exposure during the periparturient period on production, health, reproduction, and survival of dairy cows in the first 90 days postpartum. The results showed that postpartum heat stress had a greater negative effect on performance than pre-partum heat stress, and both nulliparous and parous cows were susceptible to losses associated with heat stress during the transition period.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
U. Arshad, J. E. P. Santos
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the associations between hepatic triacylglycerol content and various factors in Holstein cows. The results showed that an increased concentration of hepatic triacylglycerol was associated with a quadratic increase in milk production, but also with decreased dry matter intake, body condition score, and increased risk of diseases. Furthermore, the increase in hepatic triacylglycerol was also associated with increased blood fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations, and decreased glucose and calcium concentrations. These findings suggest that hepatic triacylglycerol content plays a role in the overall health and performance of dairy cows.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Reproductive Biology
Jose Denis-Robichaud, Artur C. C. Fernandes, Jose E. P. Santos, Ronaldo L. A. Cerri
Summary: This study evaluated the factors influencing fertilization and embryo development. The study found that structures from primiparous cows, cows with higher progesterone concentration, and cows with fewer accessory spermatozoa were less likely to be fertilized or of better quality. Additionally, embryos with more blastomeres or without nonviable blastomeres were more likely to be of better quality.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
M. G. Zenobi, J. M. Bollatti, A. M. Lopez, B. A. Barton, C. L. Hixson, F. P. Maunsell, W. W. Thatcher, K. Miller-Cushon, J. E. P. Santos, C. R. Staples, C. D. Nelson
Summary: The supplementation of rumen-protected choline (RPC) during late pregnancy in Holstein cows was found to have a positive effect on offspring immunity and growth, potentially through uteroplacental and colostrum-dependent mechanisms.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
I. J. Lean, S. J. LeBlanc, D. B. Sheedy, T. Duffield, J. E. P. Santos, H. M. Golder
Summary: Data from three countries were analyzed to evaluate the association between parity and disease in Holstein cows. The study found that higher parity was associated with increased disease risk and changes in metabolite concentrations.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Developmental Biology
Anthony D. Horlock, Thomas J. R. Ormsby, Martin J. D. Clift, Jose E. P. Santos, John J. Bromfield, I. Martin Sheldon
Summary: This study demonstrates the role of cholesterol in supporting inflammatory responses to LPS in bovine granulosa cells. Serum or follicular fluid containing cholesterol enhances the secretion of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta in granulosa cells stimulated with LPS, while depleting cholesterol diminishes this effect. Furthermore, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cholesterol biosynthesis pathway are also involved in granulosa cell inflammation.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Zuoxiang Liang, Dzianis Prakapenka, Kristen L. Parker Gaddis, Michael J. VandeHaar, Kent A. Weigel, Robert J. Tempelman, James E. Koltes, Jose Eduardo P. Santos, Heather M. White, Francisco Penagaricano, Ransom L. Baldwin, Yang Da
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of genomic epistasis effects on the accuracy of predicting the phenotypic values of residual feed intake in U.S. Holstein cows. The results showed that the combination of AxA epistasis and additive effects in the prediction model improved the accuracy of predictions.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
M. B. Poindexter, R. Zimpel, A. Vieira-Neto, A. Husnain, A. C. M. Silva, A. Faccenda, A. Sanches de Avila, P. Celi, C. Cortinhas, J. E. P. Santos, C. D. Nelson
Summary: The objectives of this experiment were to determine the effects of supplementing 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 compared with vitamin D3 at 1 or 3 mg/d in late gestation on production outcomes of dairy cows. The results showed that feeding 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 increased colostrum and milk yield compared to vitamin D3. The effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 on milk yield may be related to serum calcium concentrations.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
I. J. Lean, H. M. Golder, S. J. LeBlanc, T. Duffield, J. E. P. Santos
Summary: In this retrospective meta-analysis, individual cow data was used to assess the associations between parity, level of production, and pasture-based or intensively fed systems with fertility. The study found that parity and milk production measures had significant effects on reproductive outcomes. Differences in production systems also influenced reproductive measures.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
U. Arshad, A. Husnain, M. B. Poindexter, R. Zimpel, M. C. Perdomo, J. E. P. Santos
Summary: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of increasing supplementation of rumen-protected choline (RPC) on hepatic metabolism in cows. The results showed that supplementation of RPC reduced hepatic triacylglycerol and increased glycogen content. Additionally, RPC supplementation had an impact on serum haptoglobin levels, but did not affect the concentrations of fatty acids, BHB, glucose, triacylglycerol, and total cholesterol in the blood.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Reproductive Biology
Ali Husnain, Usman Arshad, Roney Zimpel, Eduardo Schmitt, Mackenzie J. Dickson, Milerky C. Perdomo, Mariana N. Marinho, Nadia Ashrafi, Stewart F. Graham, Jeanette Bishop, Thomas R. Hansen, Kwang C. Jeong, Angela M. Gonella-Diaza, Ricardo C. Chebel, I. Martin Sheldon, John J. Bromfield, Jose E. P. Santos
Summary: Endometrial inflammation in cows is associated with reduced pregnancy rates and increased pregnancy loss. Induced endometritis alters histotroph composition and induces inflammatory signatures on conceptus, compromising their development. Bacterial-induced endometritis impairs conceptus development by altering histotroph composition and conceptus gene expression in dairy cattle.
BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
S. Casaro, J. G. Prim, T. D. Gonzalez, C. C. Figueiredo, R. S. Bisinotto, R. C. Chebel, J. E. P. Santos, C. D. Nelson, S. J. Jeon, R. C. Bicalho, J. P. Driver, K. N. Galvao
Summary: The objective of this study was to identify metabolites associated with metritis and investigate the cellular mechanisms affected during the transition into lactation. The results showed significant changes in metabolism, lipolysis, cell death, oxidative stress, and immune activation in cows with metritis, indicating a predisposition to metritis development.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)