Review
Food Science & Technology
Astrid M. H. Horstman, Thom Huppertz
Summary: This article discusses various factors that affect the digestion and absorption of milk proteins, including gastric emptying rate, protein structure, and processing treatments. Modulating product characteristics through processing can have an impact on protein digestion, amino acid absorption, and muscle synthesis response.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yihong Chen, Hazel Rooney, Cathal Dold, Simona Bavaro, John Tobin, Michael J. Callanan, Andre Brodkorb, Peadar G. Lawlor, Linda Giblin
Summary: Membrane filtration can produce infant milk formula that is more similar to breast milk. Compared to traditionally heat-treated formula, membrane-filtered formula has a higher content of native whey protein. In vivo evidence shows that membrane-filtered formula influences protein digestion but has minimal effects on overall growth parameters.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Simonetta Caira, Gabriella Pinto, Gianluca Picariello, Paola Vitaglione, Sabrina De Pascale, Andrea Scaloni, Francesco Addeo
Summary: A purification procedure followed by mass spectrometry analysis was used to identify milk-derived peptides in the plasma of healthy volunteers after consuming pasteurized milk. The study revealed individual variability in the presence of peptides from various bovine milk proteins, including caseins and beta-lactoglobulin. The potential bioactivity and immunogenicity of these peptides and their effects on human health require further investigation.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Alicia Sanchez, Pilar Rodriguez-Viso, Adrian Domene, Helena Orozco, Dinoraz Velez, Vicenta Devesa
Summary: The increasing use of plastic materials generates a significant amount of waste, a portion of which is in the form of microplastics present in the aquatic environment. These microplastics have entered the food chain and have been found in fishery products, drinking water, and sea salt among other foods. Currently, there is insufficient data to accurately assess the risks associated with dietary exposure to microplastics, and the lack of robust methodologies is a major problem. Limited information is available regarding the occurrence of microplastics in sources such as drinking water and food, human intake, toxicokinetics, and long-term toxicity.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Koichiro Sumi, Ryoichi Tagawa, Kae Yamazaki, Kyosuke Nakayama, Takefumi Ichimura, Chiaki Sanbongi, Koichi Nakazato
Summary: Yogurt, a popular fermented food worldwide, is known for its palatability and various health benefits. The fermentation and manufacturing processes give yogurt's milk protein different properties from non-fermented milk protein. These differences may affect the digestion and absorption time of milk protein, which in turn affects the blood levels of amino acids and/or hormones, such as insulin, thereby influencing skeletal muscle protein synthesis. Moreover, yogurt, including lactic acid bacteria and its metabolites, has been studied for its role as a protein source and its potential impact on gut microbiota and skeletal muscle. However, the full understanding of yogurt's value as a protein source and its additional health benefits on skeletal muscle remains unclear.
Review
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Mary Ann Lila, Roberta Targino Hoskin, Mary H. Grace, Jia Xiong, Renee Strauch, Mario Ferruzzi, Massimo Iorizzo, Colin Kay
Summary: Protein-polyphenol aggregate particles can enhance the health effects of functional food products. Evidence suggests that the complexation of polyphenolic compounds can protect them during transit in the gastrointestinal tract, allowing them to exert their health benefits in the colon.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
K. Sumi, K. Osada, M. Sakuda, K. Ashida, K. Nakazato
Summary: The study showed that processed fermented milk resulted in better amino acid absorption in mice and higher postprandial skeletal muscle protein synthesis rates. Additionally, the favorable effects on muscle protein synthesis were maintained in processed fermented milk.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
X. S. Liang, Y. X. Yue, Y. L. Zhao, Y. M. Guo, X. Y. Guo, B. L. Shi, S. M. Yan
Summary: This experiment aimed to study the effects of dietary concentrate-to-forage ratio on lactating donkey milk production performance, milk protein synthesis, and milk amino acid composition. The results showed that replacing low-quality roughage with alfalfa improved the protein and energy metabolism, increased milk protein synthesis efficiency, milk production efficiency, and optimized the amino acid composition of donkey milk.
ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Bolin Mou, Yuanyuan Liu, Wenqing Yang, Shuang Song, Cai Shen, Oi-Ming Lai, Chin-Ping Tan, Ling-Zhi Cheong
Summary: Processing and cold storage significantly affect the physicochemical properties and digestion of bovine milk, with changes in crystalline structures observed during cold storage. The decreased particle size of milk fat globules may contribute to the reduced digestibility of milk.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Thomas Ehlig Hjermind Justesen, Simon Elmer Jespersen, Thomas Tagmose Thomsen, Lars Holm, Gerrit van Hall, Jakob Agergaard
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the distribution pattern of dietary protein on muscle protein synthesis and utilization. The results showed that the distribution pattern of dietary protein did not significantly affect muscle protein synthesis and utilization.
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Qian Liu, Junying Zhao, Yan Liu, Weicang Qiao, Tiemin Jiang, Yan Liu, Xiaowen Yu, Lijun Chen
Summary: The differences in composition and distribution of fatty acids make human milk lipids distinct from those of other mammals. Understanding the concentrations, compositions, and distribution characteristics of milk lipids requires analysis and detection technology. The characteristics and mimicking of human milk lipids have been extensively studied to reduce the gap between human milk and infant formulae.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Simona Rinaldi, Sabrina Di Giovanni, Giuliano Palocci, Michela Conto, Roberto Steri, Carmela Tripaldi
Summary: This study investigated the impact of milk heat pre-treatment and pasteurization level on the protein digestibility of produced cheese. In vitro digestion method was used to analyze the peptide profile and amino acids released in digestion. The results showed the importance of heat treatment management on protein digestibility in soft cheese.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yuan Cheng, Yurong Liu, Dan Chen, Yang Zhou, Shujuan Yu, Huajian Lin, Christopher Kai Liao, Haili Lin, Peng Xu, Mingdong Huang
Summary: Quercetin has dual effects on protein digestion and absorption, inhibiting protein digestion by inhibiting trypsin in the intestinal fluid and promoting the intestinal absorption of oligopeptides via internalization in intestinal villi cells.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xin Wang, Frances M. Wolber, Aiqian Ye, Natascha Stroebinger, Aimee Hamlin, Peter Zhu, Carlos A. Montoya, Harjinder Singh
Summary: This study compared the gastric digestion of different milks (cow milk, almond milk, and oat milk) in rats. The results showed that cow milk coagulated in the stomach, resulting in higher retention of proteins and lipids. Almond milk formed oil bodies that aggregated and layered in the stomach, leading to faster gastric emptying of proteins. Oat milk did not show significant physical changes during digestion, with both proteins and lipids steadily emptied from the stomach.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sean Paul Kilroe, Jonathan Fulford, Sarah Jackman, Andrew Holwerda, Annemie Gijsen, Luc van Loon, Benjamin Toby Wall
Summary: The study found that three days of muscle disuse leads to significant declines in muscle mass and daily myofibrillar protein synthesis rates. However, daily protein intake does not modulate these muscle deconditioning responses.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Aaron Hengist, Russell G. Davies, Peter J. Rogers, Jeff M. Brunstrom, Luc J. C. van Loon, Jean-Philippe Walhin, Dylan Thompson, Francoise Koumanov, James A. Betts, Javier T. Gonzalez
Summary: Restricting sugar or total dietary carbohydrate does not modulate physical activity level or energy intake when energy density is controlled for.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Floris K. Hendriks, Jeffrey H. W. Kuijpers, Janneau M. X. van Kranenburg, Joan M. G. Senden, Frank M. Van der Sande, Jeroen P. Kooman, Steven J. R. Meex, Luc J. C. van Loon
Summary: This study recruited 10 ESRD patients for a randomized crossover trial and found that protein ingestion and exercise during hemodialysis did not compromise the removal of uremic toxins.
JOURNAL OF RENAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Lisanne H. P. Houben, Maarten Overkamp, Puck Van Kraaij, Jorn Trommelen, Joep G. H. Van Roermund, Peter De Vries, Kevin De Laet, Saskia van der Meer, Ulla R. Mikkelsen, Lex B. Verdijk, Luc J. C. Van Loon, Sandra Beijer, Milou Beelen
Summary: This study aimed to assess the effects of 20 wk resistance exercise training with or without protein supplementation on body composition, muscle mass, muscle strength, physical performance, and aerobic capacity in prostate cancer patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). The results showed that resistance exercise training can counteract the adverse effects of ADT on body composition, muscle mass, muscle strength, and aerobic capacity, while protein supplementation did not provide additional benefits.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Evelyn B. Parr, Imre W. K. Kouw, Michael J. Wheeler, Bridget E. Radford, Rebecca C. Hall, Joan M. Senden, Joy P. B. Goessens, Luc J. C. van Loon, John A. Hawley
Summary: This study aimed to assess the impact of time-restricted eating (TRE) on integrated skeletal muscle myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) rates in males with overweight/obesity. The study found no significant difference in daily MyoPS rates between the TRE group and the control group, but the TRE group had lower total blood glucose levels, greater total body mass reduction, and more lean mass loss. These findings suggest that time-restricted eating may have potential benefits for health management, but further research is needed.
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Maarten Overkamp, Lisanne H. P. Houben, Saskia van der Meer, Joep G. H. van Roermund, Ronald Bos, Arjan P. J. Kokshoorn, Mads S. Larsen, Luc J. C. van Loon, Milou Beelen, Sandra Beijer
Summary: The study aimed to assess the adverse impact of androgen deprivation therapy on body composition, physical performance, cardiometabolic health, and health-related quality-of-life in prostate cancer patients. The findings showed that after 5 months of therapy, patients experienced declines in body fat mass, muscle mass, muscle strength, aerobic capacity, metabolic parameters, habitual physical activity, and health-related quality-of-life, suggesting that androgen deprivation therapy has adverse effects on patients.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Luuk Hilkens, Marleen Boerboom, Nick van Schijndel, Judith Bons, Luc J. C. van Loon, Jan-Willem van Dijk
Summary: This study examined whether collagen supplementation enhances the effects of high-impact exercise on bone metabolism and whether increasing exercise frequency provides greater benefits. The results showed that 5 minutes of daily high-impact exercise can stimulate bone formation, but collagen supplementation or increased exercise frequency does not further increase bone formation.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Cas J. Fuchs, Remco Kuipers, Jan A. Rombouts, Kim Brouwers, Vera B. Schrauwen-Hinderling, Joachim E. Wildberger, Lex B. Verdijk, Luc J. C. van Loon
Summary: This study assessed the differences in muscle group volumes between young and older males and found that the most significant differences were observed in the thigh muscle group, with the quadriceps femoris showing the largest difference in muscle volume between young and older men. Overall, young men have larger muscle volumes compared to older men.
EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Heather L. Petrick, Rachel M. Handy, Bayley Vachon, Sara M. Frangos, Andrew M. Holwerda, Annemarie P. Gijsen, Joan M. Senden, Luc J. C. van Loon, Graham P. Holloway
Summary: Muscle disuse decreases muscle protein synthesis rates and induces atrophy, while nitrate supplementation can improve mitochondrial function. This study found that nitrate intake could prevent the decline in mitochondrial function caused by muscle disuse, but it was not able to prevent muscle atrophy.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Thorben Aussieker, Luuk Hilkens, Andrew m. Holwerda, Cas j. Fuchs, Lisanne h. p. Houben, Joan m. Senden, Jan-willem VAN Dijk, Tim Snijders, Luc j. c. VAN Loon
Summary: This study assessed the impact of whey protein and collagen protein on postexercise protein synthesis rates. The results showed that whey protein increased myofibrillar protein synthesis rates, but had no effect on muscle connective protein synthesis rates. Collagen protein did not further increase muscle connective protein synthesis rates during the early stages of postexercise recovery in recreational athletes.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Jorn Trommelen, Glenn A. A. van Lieshout, Pardeep Pabla, Jean Nyakayiru, Floris K. K. Hendriks, Joan M. M. Senden, Joy P. B. Goessens, Janneau M. X. van Kranenburg, Annemie P. P. Gijsen, Lex B. B. Verdijk, Lisette C. P. G. M. de Groot, Luc J. C. van Loon
Summary: Pre-sleep ingestion of casein and whey protein increases overnight muscle protein synthesis rates after exercise.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Devin G. McCarthy, Jack Bone, Matthew Fong, Phillippe J. M. Pinckaers, William Bostad, Douglas L. Richards, Luc J. C. van Loon, Martin J. Gibala
Summary: The effect of acute ketone monoester (KE) supplementation on exercise performance is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the difference in mean power output during a 20-min cycling time trial (TT) after KE ingestion compared to a placebo (PL). Twenty-three trained cyclists completed two trials with either KE or PL ingestion. The results showed that mean TT power output was lower after KE ingestion compared to PL, suggesting impaired performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Glenn A. A. van Lieshout, Jorn Trommelen, Jean Nyakayiru, Janneau van Kranenburg, Joan M. Senden, Lex B. Verdijk, Luc J. C. van Loon
Summary: This study assessed the postprandial plasma amino acid concentrations after ingestion of protein in either solid or liquid form. The results showed that there was no difference in the availability of amino acids after consuming protein as a bar or as a drink in healthy adult females.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Floris K. Hendriks, Michelle E. G. Weijzen, Joy P. B. Goessens, Antoine H. G. Zorenc, Annemie P. Gijsen, Irene Fleur Kramer, Joop P. W. van den Bergh, Martijn Poeze, Taco J. Blokhuis, Luc J. C. van Loon
Summary: Bone protein synthesis is still ongoing in femoral head bone tissue during the early stages following an intracapsular hip fracture in older patients, but trabecular bone protein synthesis rates are lower in the femoral head when compared to the proximal femur.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Luuk Hilkens, Nick van Schijndel, Vera C. R. Weijer, Lieselot Decroix, Judith Bons, Luc J. C. van Loon, Jan-Willem van Dijk
Summary: This study assessed the effect of combined jump training and collagen supplementation on bone mineral density (BMD) in elite road-race cyclists. The results showed that frequent short bouts of jumping exercise combined with collagen supplementation beneficially affects femoral neck BMD in elite road-race cyclists.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Gabriel Nasri Marzuca-Nassr, Andrea Alegria-Molina, Yuri SanMartin-Calisto, Macarena Artigas-Arias, Nolberto Huard, Jorge Sapunar, Luis A. Salazar, Lex B. Verdijk, Luc J. C. van Loon
Summary: Resistance exercise training can effectively increase muscle mass and function in older adults. This study compared the impact of resistance exercise training on muscle mass and function in older adults aged 65-75 years versus those above 85 years, and found no differences between the two groups.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM
(2023)