Article
Thermodynamics
Yandong Liang, Yuan Xu, Meng Jia, Jianguo Wang
Summary: Experiments show that the alternating magnetic field can effectively inhibit the formation of calcium carbonate fouling on heat transfer surfaces by extending the fouling induction period and slowing down the growth rate of fouling. The fouling inhibition effect depends on the selection of operating parameters in the alternating magnetic field, with the most significant period being 300 Gs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jing Xu, Ju-Dong Zhao, Yun Jia, Ting Li, Shuai-Bing Yang, Zhi-Hao Zhang
Summary: The study found that high voltage electrostatic treatment can promote scale growth, while high voltage alternating current electric field treatment shows a good scale inhibition effect, especially when both Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations are 12 mmol/L.
WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yandong Liang, Yuan Xu, Jing Guan, Jianguo Wang
Summary: Forced convective heat transfer and CaCO3 deposition experiments were conducted to investigate the fouling inhibition characteristics of a variable frequency electromagnetic field. The results showed that the electromagnetic field effectively inhibited the CaCO3 fouling deposition and decreased the growth rate of fouling. It also reduced the conductivity of the test fluid and promoted the crystallization of CaCO3 in aragonite, resulting in easily removable soft fouling. An evaluation model was proposed to better define the fouling inhibition effect of the variable frequency electromagnetic field.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Diego Pintossi, Catarina Simoes, Michel Saakes, Zandrie Borneman, Kitty Nijmeijer
Summary: Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is an electro-membrane process for harvesting renewable energy from salinity gradients. A new model has been developed to account for the presence of multivalent ions in the feedwaters, such as magnesium ions and sulfate, showing good agreement with experimental data and providing a valuable tool for designing and evaluating RED process systems under various conditions and feedwater compositions.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jing Xu, Judong Zhao, Yun Jia
Summary: Scaling on the heat exchanger surface can lead to expensive cleaning, maintenance, and safety issues in industrial production. In this study, the inhibition effect of an alternating electromagnetic field on CaCO3 fouling was investigated using different Mg2+/Ca2+ molar ratios in circulating cooling water. Several indicators, including heat transfer resistance, scale inhibition rate, CaCO3 growth rate, and conductivity, were extensively discussed. The results showed that significant scale inhibition occurred when the Mg2+/Ca2+ molar ratios were 0 and 1:1.2, with scale inhibition rates of 46.80% and 39.28% respectively. Compared to the control group, the experiment group experienced decreased heat transfer resistance, slowed adherent scale growth rate, and shortened rising stage time. The decreased conductivity in the experiment group indicated that the alternating electromagnetic field promoted crystallization in the solution. XRD and SEM analysis demonstrated that the alternating electromagnetic field and Mg2+ could promote aragonite crystallization, reduce polymerization degree, and decrease crystal particle size of CaCO3. The key to the alternating electromagnetic field scale inhibition technology is affecting the crystallization process of adherent scale and promoting the homogeneous precipitation of non-adherent scale in solution. This study can provide guidance for parameter selection in the electromagnetic field scale inhibition technology in industrial applications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yunhan Wang, Shengxian Cao, Shiyu Sun, Ye Zhang
Summary: A prediction model based on Kern-Seaton model theory is proposed in this article to calculate the deposition of crystalline-particle mixed fouling on heat transfer surfaces. The model takes into account both the deposition and removal processes during fouling generation. Experimental results show that the proposed model accurately predicts the fouling resistance on the heat exchange surface.
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS IN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jianguo Wang, Xuefei Xu, Yuan Xu, Yanchen Liu, Yandong Liang
Summary: This study investigated the crystallization fouling of a heat exchanger surface under an alternating magnetic field. Experimental data, including conductivity, induced current, and fouling resistance, were obtained at various magnetic induction intensities. The results showed that a magnetic induction intensity of 300 Gs had the best fouling inhibition effect with a fouling inhibition rate of 78.89%. The induced current was found to be related to magnetic induction intensity and salt concentration, providing insights into fouling resistance and the alternating magnetic field. A support vector regression (SVR) model optimized by improved grey wolf algorithm (IGWO) was proposed to predict fouling resistance based on the strong correlation with conductivity and induced current. The prediction results demonstrated the high accuracy and adaptability of the IGWO-SVR model compared to other methods.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hui Zou, Jiahui Huang, Meijia Zhang, Hongjun Lin, Jiaheng Teng, Zhengyi Huang
Summary: This study demonstrates that the addition of magnesium ions (Mg2+) can significantly reduce protein fouling on membranes, and an optimal concentration of Mg2+ exists for achieving the lowest fouling. This is attributed to the hydration repulsion effect of Mg2+ and the conformational change of protein molecules.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Liyuan Wang, Ximei Xiao, Enyang Liu, Sirong Yu, Xiaoli Yin, Jun Wang, Guang Zhu, Quan Li, Jing Li
Summary: The poor corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys hinders their applications, making it meaningful to develop a superhydrophobic coating for anti-corrosion protection. The research demonstrated that the superhydrophobic needle-like Ca-P coating with stable and durable properties can resist pollution, high temperatures, and external forces, while also exhibiting excellent anti-corrosion performance in Hank's solution. This robust and corrosion-resistant coating shows significant advantages in protecting magnesium alloys.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Juliano Penteado de Almeida, Zachary Stoll, Pei Xu
Summary: Membrane treatment of secondary effluent for reuse applications has potential for expanding water supplies and improving water resources management. This study compared antiscalants with an alternating current-induced electromagnetic field (EMF) as a pretreatment method to reverse osmosis. The combination of EMF with antiscalant showed the highest effectiveness in reducing fouling and scaling, leading to increased water recoveries and potentially lower pretreatment costs. Further research is needed to better understand the economic benefits and mechanisms of EMF for fouling and scaling control.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Pingli Jiang, Zihao Zeng, Ruiqing Hou, Di Mei, Shijie Zhu, Liguo Wanga, Shaokang Guan
Summary: In this study, a CaCO3 coating on Mg alloy was developed to control the corrosion of Mg2Zn0.2Ca alloy. The presence of MgSO4 in the coating preparation electrolyte affected the morphology and anti-corrosion property of the CaCO3 protective coating. Increasing the concentration of MgSO4 enhanced the corrosion protection property of the coating by increasing its compactness, but further increase in MgSO4 concentration led to a decrease in resistance for the Mg substrate.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Kamil Kostyn, Aleksandra Boba, Bartosz Kozak, Dariusz Sztafrowski, Jan Widula, Jan Szopa, Marta Preisner
Summary: All living organisms are adapted to and utilize the electromagnetic field (EMF) of the Earth. However, the development of electricity and electronics in the last century introduced new EMF sources. Previous research suggested that EMF affects cellular homeostasis and gene expression in plants. This study aims to identify the genes involved in the plant response to EMF and understand the mechanisms behind it.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Sadaf Rahimi, S. M. Peyghambarzadeh, H. Kazemi Esfeh, Shima Azizi, M. R. Malayeri
Summary: Deposit formation in heat exchangers is an undesirable process that can reduce their performance and efficiency. This research investigated the impact of fluid bulk temperature (Tb) on the deposition of CaCO3 solution under convective heat transfer and subcooled flow boiling conditions. The study found that Tb significantly influenced the mechanism of deposit formation, changing the fouling resistance curve and crystal type of the deposit layer. The results also showed that heat flux and fluid flow rate had different effects on fouling rate depending on Tb and heat flux levels.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yi-Ming Ju, Fang Huang, Xin Ding, Li-Bo Mao, Shu-Hong Yu
Summary: This study investigates the mechanism of Mg2+ ion-regulated mineralization of CaCO3 by tracing Mg isotope fractionation. The different mineralization pathways of CaCO3 under different Mg2+ ion concentrations are clarified, and the detailed regulatory role of Mg2+ ions at different stages of mineralization is proposed. These results provide important insights for finely controlling the phase of crystalline products.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yunhan Wang, Shengxian Cao, Zhang Ye, Liu Yong, Huichao Zuo
Summary: This paper investigates the effect of an electric field device with various frequency ranges on the inhibition of CaCO3 scale formation on heat transfer surfaces. The device generates a high-speed, erratic pulse signal within the frequency range of 0-400 kHz, with adjustable peak voltage controlled by a power amplifier circuit between 10 and 150 V per peak. The collision of Ca2+ and CO2 3 in water caused by the electric field slows down or avoids scale formation. The scale inhibition experiment monitoring and regulation system allows real-time monitoring and adjustment of temperature and flow parameters, observation of fouling resistance curve, and instant data storage. Experimental results show that the electric field treatment at different frequencies reduces fouling resistance, with the highest scale inhibition rate of 79%. The comparison of surface scale and scanning electron microscopy confirms the device's good scale inhibition performance.
Article
Crystallography
Jianzheng Hu, Long Yan, Ning Zhou, Yao Chen, Xiaoni Yang, Lianqiao Yang, Shiping Guo
Summary: The effect and mechanism of carrier gas velocity, V/III ratio, and carrier gas velocity match on the growth rate of AlN were investigated in this study. The results showed that the growth rate of AlN initially increased with hydrogen flow rate, reached saturation, and then decreased monotonically. The turning point value depended on the equipment and process. By increasing the MO VM, the growth rate of AlN could be improved, but the uniformity deteriorated due to turbulence and loss of uniform boundary layer. High quality AlN films were successfully grown on nano-patterned sapphire substrates with improved crystalline quality and atomic smooth surfaces.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2024)
Article
Crystallography
Tingting Ma, Yang Li, Kangning Sun, Qinglin Cheng, Sen Li
Summary: This study investigates the melting process and nucleation behavior of sodium crystals using molecular dynamics simulation. The results show good agreement between simulated and experimental values for the melting temperature, density, and radial distribution function of sodium. The diffusion coefficient of liquid sodium increases linearly with temperature, and the homogeneous nucleation rate of melting in superheated sodium crystal exponentially increases with temperature. The findings provide theoretical support for applications involving heat and mass transfer in sodium-related systems.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2024)
Article
Crystallography
Hisato Nishii, Shintarou Iida, Akira Yamasaki, Takumi Ikenoue, Masao Miyake, Toshiya Doi, Tetsuji Hirato
Summary: Epitaxial V2O3 films were fabricated on sapphire substrates using mist chemical vapor deposition (mist CVD) method, eliminating the need for high vacuum conditions. The films can be grown on sapphire substrates even under atmospheric pressure, with the optimal growth temperature at 823 K. The films grown at 823 K exhibit a metal-insulator transition at approximately 155 K. The film on C-plane sapphire exhibits a lower transition temperature compared to those on R- and A-plane sapphire substrates.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2024)
Article
Crystallography
Jani Jesenovec, Kevin Zawilski, Peter Alison, Stephan J. Meschter, Sambit K. Saha, Andrew J. Sepelak, Peter G. Schunemann
Summary: In this study, NiSb needles were successfully formed in InSb by manipulating the growth rate and adding NiSb. These needle structures in InSb can be used to tune the magnetoresistance of devices. Additionally, undoped InSb crystals demonstrated good infrared transmission at low growth rates.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2024)
Article
Crystallography
D. Joseph Daniel, P. Karuppasamy, H. J. Kim
Summary: The 2-amino 4-methyl pyridinium oxalate (2A4MPO) compound was synthesized and its crystal structure, functional groups, thermal stability, electrical properties, and third-order nonlinear optical properties were studied. The results demonstrate that the synthesized crystal has good structural integrity, thermal stability, and potential for third-order nonlinear optical applications.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2024)
Article
Crystallography
C. W. Lan
Summary: The past two decades have witnessed a significant transformation in solar silicon crystal growth, especially in the competition between multi-crystalline silicon (Multi-Si) and mono-crystalline silicon (Mono-Si). The demand for this crucial material has exponentially surged, with silicon solar panels capturing over 95% of the global PV market share. The advancements in crystal growth technology during this period have set historical benchmarks, with the market share shifting from high-performance multi-crystalline silicon (HPM-Si) to CZ silicon.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2024)
Article
Crystallography
Peiyao Hao, Lili Zheng, Hui Zhang
Summary: A novel design of argon gas tube for removing impurities during silicon ingot growth was developed, and numerical simulations showed that it can effectively extract SiO.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2024)
Article
Crystallography
Geetika Sahu, Chanchal Chakraborty, Subhadeep Roy, Souri Banerjee
Summary: This article discusses the novel fractal nature of hydrothermally synthesized MoS2 QDs. By adjusting the reaction time, the study found that the average size of QDs increases and then decreases with longer reaction times. STEM images indicate that shorter reaction times lead to sheet formation, while extended reaction times cause sheets to fragment into QDs.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2024)
Article
Crystallography
Pengjian Lu, Wei Huang, Junjun Wang, Haitao Yang, Shiyue Guo, Bin Li, Ting Wang, Chitengfei Zhang, Rong Tu, Song Zhang
Summary: A systematic study on the tetramethylsilane-hydorgen (TMS-H-2) system for the deposition of pure single-crystal SiC by high-temperature chemical vapor deposition (HTCVD) method is conducted. The study investigates the effect of temperature, pressure, and H-2:TMS ratio on the deposition conditions and provides a theoretical basis and guidance for improving the quality and cost of industrial production of single-crystal SiC.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2024)
Article
Crystallography
Xinyu Jiang, Liangliang Liu, Yanqing Liu, Yan Wang, Zhaoping Hou
Summary: Investigation on the preparation of anisometric templated textured high entropy or multi-element doped ferroelectric ceramics was conducted using A-site disordered niobate microcrystals. The effects of process parameters on the morphology and chemical composition were studied, and the photocatalytic properties of the microcrystals were evaluated.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2024)
Article
Crystallography
Mobashsara Tabassum, Md. Ashraful Alam, Sabrina Mostofa, Raton Kumar Bishwas, Debasish Sarkar, Shirin Akter Jahan
Summary: In this study, high crystallinity copper nanoparticles were synthesized by altering the reaction medium at low temperatures. The results show that changing the reaction medium can reduce the surface energy of precursors and promote the formation of highly crystalline copper nanoparticles.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2024)
Article
Crystallography
Ivan Bodnar, Vitaly V. Khoroshko, Veronika A. Yashchuk, Valery F. Gremenok, Mohsin Kazi, Mayeen U. Khandaker, Tatiana I. Zubar, Daria I. Tishkevich, Alex Trukhanov, Sergei Trukhanov
Summary: This work presents the production of single crystals of Cu2ZnGeSe4, a semiconducting quaternary compound, using a gas chemical method with iodine as a transporter. The phase state, crystal structure, and lattice constants of the synthesized samples were refined and determined. The band gap of Cu2ZnGeSe4 was calculated using transmission spectrum and it was found that the band gap increases by 12% with decreasing temperature in the range of 20-300 K.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2024)
Article
Crystallography
Timur Malin, Igor Osinnykh, Vladimir Mansurov, Dmitriy Protasov, Sergey Ponomarev, Denis Milakhin, Konstantin Zhuravlev
Summary: The effect of growth temperature on the buffer leakage currents of GaN-on-Si layers was investigated. It was found that higher growth temperature results in lower leakage currents. The defects in GaN layers grown at different temperatures were studied using photoluminescence technique, and a correlation between leakage currents, structural perfection, and donor concentration in GaN-on-Si layers was established. It was also observed that reduced growth temperature leads to the formation of inversion domains.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2024)
Article
Crystallography
Thi-Hoai-Thu Nguyen, Jyh-Chen Chen
Summary: The effect of heater power control on heat, flow, and oxygen transport for CCz crystal growth was studied. Shorter upper side heater design could improve crystal quality and growth, but with higher power consumption.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2024)
Article
Crystallography
Peter Rudolph
Summary: This article presents an overview of selected contributions to the development of crystal growth technology by the Laudise Prize awardee 2023. It discusses various aspects such as shaped crystal growth, the correlation between melt structure and crystal quality, control of intrinsic defects and inclusions, prevention of dislocation cell patterns, and melt growth experiments under a travelling magnetic field.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2024)