Article
Chemistry, Physical
R. Ichwani, V Uzonwanne, A. Huda, R. Koech, O. K. Oyewole, W. O. Soboyejo
Summary: Understanding the interfacial robustness of multilayer structures in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is crucial for the design of robust PSCs. In this study, force microscopy was used to quantify the adhesive interactions between adjacent layers of PSCs and correlate them with device performance. The results show that high adhesion forces in solution-processed PSCs contribute to improved charge carrier transport and higher photoconversion efficiencies.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Satoshi Ishii, David Hernandez-Pinilla, Nicholaus K. Tanjaya, Tadaaki Nagao
Summary: Passive radiative cooling during the day can be achieved with highly reflective sunlight and thermal radiation in the mid-infrared region. In this study, the low ultraviolet reflectance of a silver film is compensated by combining it with a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) made of silica and tantalum dioxide multilayers. The samples exhibited high solar reflectance (0.987) and thermal emittance (0.852), and the addition of a polymer improved the thermal emittance (0.926) with a slight decrease in solar reflectance (0.007). Outdoor measurements confirmed the radiative cooling performance of the samples in summer.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Xiaoqiang Xu, Yongjia Wu, Lei Zuo, Shikui Chen
Summary: A large amount of waste heat is released to the atmosphere from power plants, vehicles, oil refining, and steel or glass making process. The thermoelectric generator (TEG) converts temperature differences into electricity, providing a way to reutilize this energy. By optimizing the design of multimaterial TEGs, it is possible to achieve higher conversion efficiency in a wide temperature range.
JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL DESIGN
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Devon Beck, Jacob Bickus, Ethan Klein, Paul Miller, Salvatore Di Cecca, Ryan Benz, Andrea Barney, Robert Longton, Austin Coon, Melissa Smith, Bradley Duncan
Summary: The harsh radiation environment in space can lead to degradation and malfunctioning of electronic systems. Existing protection methods either attenuate a single type of radiation or require the use of radiation-hardened components. This study presents an alternative approach using direct ink writing to manufacture multi-material radiation shielding, which can attenuate multiple species of radiation by customizing the composition and architecture of the printed composite materials. The shear-induced alignment of anisotropic boron nitride flakes during the printing process also introduces favorable thermal management characteristics to the shields. It is anticipated that this generalized method will greatly enhance the capabilities of future satellites and space systems in protecting commercially available microelectronic systems from radiation damage.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Will Freeman
Summary: Anisotropic e-near-zero effective medium multilayer structures for omnidirectional bending light to the normal were theoretically studied using a finite element method and ellipsometry measurements of CdO films. It was found that film thicknesses of around 50 nm are sufficient for the metallic layer. The method simplifies computations compared to a typical full space approach and verifies omnidirectional bending to the normal for multilayer structures.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Megha Pandya, Veenadhari Bhaskara
Summary: The study presents the observations of proton fluxes during the solar proton event on September 7 and 10, 2017, detected by multiple spacecrafts across different regions of Earth's magnetosphere. Variations in solar proton flux distribution were influenced by different levels of solar flare activity. The study quantifies the temporal flux variability in terms of L-value, energy, and magnetic local time (MLT) in the Earth's magnetosphere.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Leon Kocharov, Nicola Omodei, Alexander Mishev, Melissa Pesce-Rollins, Francesco Longo, Sijie Yu, Dale E. Gary, Rami Vainio, Ilya Usoskin
Summary: The study found that both solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) contribute to the production of subrelativistic and relativistic protons near the Sun. There is a statistical correlation between the gamma-ray fluences of delayed events observed by Fermi/LAT and the products of corresponding CME speed and the square root of the soft X-ray flare magnitude.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Chao Yuan, Fangfang Wang, Qi Ge
Summary: The emerging direct four dimensional (4D) printing approach allows for the fabrication of complex 3D geometries from printed flat patterns, but faces challenges in achieving both large bending curvature and high loading capacity simultaneously. A multimaterial direct 4D printing method has been developed to address this issue, utilizing dehydration induced shrinkage and stiffening to create 3D structures with large bending curvature and high bending stiffness. This approach demonstrates advantages in terms of less building time and high load capacity compared to other 3D printing technologies.
EXTREME MECHANICS LETTERS
(2021)
Review
Dermatology
Acharya Balkrishna, Shalini Singh, Deepika Srivastava, Shalini Mishra, Shivani Sharma, Rajesh Mishra, Vedpriya Arya
Summary: Solar erythema is a radiation burn caused by overexposure to UV radiation, but appropriate sunscreen can help prevent sunburn and sun damage, keeping the skin smooth and even-toned.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Nava Raj Khatri, Paul F. Egan
Summary: This study investigates the effects of multimaterial combinations on energy absorption and deformation of honeycomb structures. The results demonstrate that using multiple materials can significantly improve the performance of honeycomb structures.
3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Weichen Li, Fengwen Wang, Ole Sigmund, Xiaojia Shelly Zhang
Summary: In this study, a freeform inverse design approach is used to synthesize multiple hyperelastic materials into composite structures, enabling them to achieve arbitrary prescribed responses under large deformations. The digitally synthesized structures exhibit organic shapes and motions with irregular distributions of material phases. By utilizing multi material fabrication and heteroassembly strategies, function-oriented mechanical devices with highly complex yet navigable responses can be designed.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Mary K. K. Hudson, Miles A. A. Engel, Brian T. T. Kress, Zhao Li, Maulik Patel, Richard S. S. Selesnick
Summary: Solar energetic protons (SEPs) significantly contribute to the inner zone trapped proton population. The Relativistic Electron Proton Telescope (REPT) observed a double-peaked inner zone population. A simulation of SEP protons launched from a sphere and a comparison with REPT measurements support the novel trapping process.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Sujan Ghimire, Thong Nguyen-Huy, Ramendra Prasad, Ravinesh C. Deo, David Casillas-Perez, Sancho Salcedo-Sanz, Binayak Bhandari
Summary: This study proposes a hybrid method that combines convolutional neural network (CNN) with multi-layer perceptron (MLP) to generate solar radiation forecasts. The proposed CMLP model shows excellent performance in predicting solar radiation at various study sites. It should be explored as a viable modelling tool for real-time energy management systems.
COGNITIVE COMPUTATION
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yu Wang, Ela Sachyani Keneth, Alexander Kamyshny, Giulia Scalet, Ferdinando Auricchio, Shlomo Magdassi
Summary: 4D printing involves 3D printing objects that can change shape with proper triggering. This novel approach uses light-activated shape-memory polymers with gold nanoparticles and LED light to achieve shape transitions. The material composition enables programmable 3D printed structures with dual transition capabilities.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Nikos Sioulas, Chen Shi, Zesen Huang, Marco Velli
Summary: This study examines the heating process of protons and electrons within magnetic coherent structures using data from the Parker Solar Probe mission. It finds that in regions with strong magnetic field gradients, the proton temperature significantly increases while the electron temperature only slightly elevates. The analysis suggests a heating mechanism in the nascent solar wind environment facilitated by a nonlinear turbulent cascade that preferentially heats protons over electrons.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Taisei Hayashi, Kensei Ichiba, Daisuke Nakauchi, Takumi Kato, Noriaki Kawaguchi, Takayuki Yanagida
Summary: In this study, Cr-doped Mg4Ta2O9 single crystals with different doping levels were synthesized using the floating zone method, and their photoluminescence and scintillation properties were evaluated. The results showed that Cr-doped Mg4Ta2O9 single crystals exhibited broad emission bands in the near-infrared region and showed scintillation characteristics within specific wavelength ranges. Additionally, the samples with different Cr doping levels demonstrated different lower detection limits based on the dose rate response function.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
S. Marouf, A. C. Chami, Y. Boudouma
Summary: This study develops a Monte Carlo simulation approach to describe proton-induced secondary electron emission in solids. Theoretical modeling based on the Mott's elastic scattering cross-section and Lindhard's dielectric function was used to calculate the double differential cross-section (DDCS) of excited electrons and describe electron transport in the medium. The results for aluminum show the angular and energy distributions of backscattered electrons for incident protons with energy below 25 keV at normal incidence, and the total electron emission yield also agrees well with available measurements.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Weipeng Yan, Baojun Duan, Zijian Zhu, Yan Song, Guzhou Song, Jiming Ma, Binkang Li, Yucheng Liu
Summary: This article reports on the scintillation performance of Lithium-doped 2D (PEA)2PbBr4 perovskite single crystals synthesized at room temperature. The crystals exhibit fast decay time, high light yield, and high spatial resolution, making them highly promising for medical diagnostic applications.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
S. B. Vishwakarma, S. K. Dubey, R. L. Dubey, I. Sulania, D. Kanjilal
Summary: Investigations have been conducted on the implanted SiO2 thin film after thermal annealing using various analytical techniques. The results revealed the absence of vacancy defects, variations in vibrational modes and the formation of new structures. The photoluminescence intensity of the annealed SiO2 samples was higher, with a decrease in non-radiative defect centers and an increase in radiative Si:SiO2 interface states. Additionally, the presence of silicon nanoclusters formed after annealing resulted in an additional radiative recombination peak. Furthermore, the formation of new SiOx structures was observed after thermal annealing.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
M. Koshimizu, S. Kurashima, A. Kimura, M. Taguchi
Summary: By observing the scintillation time profiles of CeF3 under irradiations of pulsed beams with different LETs, we found that the initial decay was faster for higher LET, which is consistent with previous studies on other self-activated scintillators. This faster decay at higher LET can be explained by the competition between the scintillation caused by 5d-4f transition of Ce3+ ions and quenching due to the interaction between excited Ce3+ ions close to each other.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Junjie Shi, Jianhong Hao, Fang Zhang, Qiang Zhao, Bixi Xue, Jieqing Fan, Zhiwei Dong
Summary: This study examined the neutralization process and beam quality of a hydrogen beam by emitting negative hydrogen ions to a hydrogen target. The findings showed that the neutralization efficiency was influenced by variables such as the transport distance, energy, and target gas density. However, the maximal neutralization efficiency was not affected by the density of the target gas or the energy of the negative hydrogen ions.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2024)