Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Muhammad Z. Z. Chauhan, Joseph G. G. Chacko, Alireza Ghaffarieh, Chloe M. M. Moulin, Daniel Pelaez, Sami H. H. Uwaydat, Sanjoy K. K. Bhattacharya
Summary: The purpose of this study was to identify changes in mitochondrial optic nerve (ON) lipids associated with sonication-induced traumatic optic neuropathy (TON). Using a mouse model, the researchers analyzed lipid alterations in the ON mitochondria following sonication. They found temporal changes in triglyceride metabolism, which may mediate optic nerve damage by depleting mitochondrial triglycerides.
Article
Neurosciences
Xiang Tu, Cheng Xiong, Hui Qi, Yangming Ou, Jing Rao, Yueqi Sun, Yunping Fan, Guiqin Liu
Summary: This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical efficacy and prognostic factors of transnasal endoscopic optic decompression in 13 patients with traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) from June 2020 to April 2022 in China. After surgery, 9 patients showed improvement in visual acuity, resulting in a total effective rate of 69.2%. The presence of residual light perception and surgery within 7 days were important factors influencing the prognosis.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jae Yun Sung, Han Min Lee, Sung Bok Lee, Kyoung Nam Kim, Yeon-Hee Lee
Summary: In this study, OCT was used to monitor retrograde neuronal degeneration following indirect optic nerve injury. Results showed that neuronal degeneration started 2 weeks after trauma, with the most rapid progression between 2 to 6 weeks before stabilizing. Observations of retinal layer changes in TON patients using OCT help improve understanding of retrograde neuronal degeneration in the central nervous system.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Xinyu Li, Zhilin Guo
Summary: Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is damage to the optic nerve caused by external violence. Treatment for TON is controversial, and various approaches have been suggested. Total optic canal decompression can effectively enhance vision in TON patients, with fractures of the optic canal and orbit being independent predictors of postoperative outcomes.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Gregory T. Bramblett, Jason N. Harris, Laura L. Scott, Andrew W. Holt
Summary: This study found that circulating levels of GFAP, UCH-L1, and NFL were significantly elevated in a porcine model of traumatic optic neuropathy (TON), indicating their potential utility in diagnosing and managing TON. Further research should be conducted to evaluate the use of these biomarkers in diagnosing other optic nerve and/or retinal pathologies.
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Ngan Pan Bennett Au, Chi Him Eddie Ma
Summary: In this Review article, the authors summarize the role of resident retinal microglia in the survival and regeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) after optic nerve injury. Microglia play a key role in facilitating Wallerian degeneration and subsequent axon regeneration, but they also produce pro-inflammatory factors and neurotoxic effects on RGCs. Intraocular inflammation triggers the influx of blood-borne myeloid cells, which promote RGC survival and axon regeneration but also exacerbate secondary tissue damage and limit visual function recovery. Activated microglia are required for the proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), but sustained activation suppresses OPC differentiation for remyelination. Controlled activation of microglia and infiltrating myeloid cells can facilitate axon regeneration and nerve repair.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Ophthalmology
Saeed Karimi, Amir Arabi, Iman Ansari, Toktam Shahraki, Sare Safi
Summary: Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is a rare vision-threatening disorder that can be caused by ocular or head trauma, categorized into direct and indirect TON. Detection of an afferent pupillary defect with decreased visual acuity strongly suggests TON, but in some cases it may be difficult to detect. Proper management of TON is controversial, as high-dose corticosteroid therapy and optic nerve decompression do not provide additional benefit over observation alone. Intravenous erythropoietin may be a safe and efficient treatment for TON.
JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Mahesh Kumar, Akkayasamy Kowsalya, Jayasri Narayanamoorthy, Dhivya Kumarasamy, Chitradevi, Harinikrishna Balakrishnan, Sameer Chaudhary
Summary: The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous erythropoietin (EPO) and steroids in patients with indirect traumatic optic neuropathy (TON). Both treatments were found to be effective, but EPO had lesser or no side effects compared to steroids.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chiao-Ling Hsu, Yao-Tseng Wen, Tzu-Chao Hsu, Chin-Chu Chen, Li-Ya Lee, Wan-Ping Chen, Rong-Kung Tsai
Summary: Erinacine A (EA), a natural neuroprotectant isolated from Hericium erinaceus, a Chinese herbal medicine, has been found to have neuroprotective effects in a rat model of traumatic optic neuropathy. Treatment with standard or double doses of EA can reduce apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress, protecting retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and preserving visual function.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Edward J. Wladis, Vinay K. Aakalu, Rachel K. Sobel, Timothy J. McCulley, Jill A. Foster, Jeremiah P. Tao, Suzanne K. Freitag, Michael T. Yen, Ali Al Rajhi
Summary: The literature review found that there is no consistent benefit demonstrated for any of the interventions including corticosteroids, optic canal decompression, and medical therapy for indirect traumatic optic neuropathy. More definitive treatment trials are needed to identify optimal treatment strategies for this condition. Treatment strategies should be tailored for each individual patient based on their specific circumstances.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Bin Chen, Hengsen Zhang, Qing Zhai, Huaipeng Li, Chunxia Wang, Yong Wang
Summary: Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is a serious complication of craniofacial trauma that can cause vision loss. Treatment options for TON are still controversial, but optic canal decompression surgery can significantly improve visual acuity in patients. Additionally, new findings from laboratory studies offer potential therapeutic approaches for TON.
NEUROSURGICAL REVIEW
(2022)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Xin Zhao, Min Jin, Xinyu Xie, Ping Ye, Shaojuan He, Chen Duan, Liqiang Zhang, Xuezhong Li, Xin Feng
Summary: Endoscopic transnasal optic canal decompression (ETOCD) can effectively improve the vision of patients with Indirect Traumatic optic neuropathy (ITON), and patients with residual vision and those treated earlier may benefit more from this surgery.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Xiaolin Qu, Kaixin Zhu, Zhenxing Li, Danfeng Zhang, Lijun Hou
Summary: This study revealed the differentially expressed m6A modification in the early stage of traumatic optic neuropathy (TON), which may provide novel insights into the mechanism and treatment of TON. The expression of m6A-related genes was upregulated after TON, with a total of 2,810 m6A peaks identified as differentially upregulated. Furthermore, hypermethylated and hypomethylated profiles of mRNA transcripts were also identified.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Jingquan Lin, Wanglu Hu, Qun Wu, Jianmin Zhang, Wei Yan
Summary: This article discusses the evolving perspective on surgical treatment, specifically endoscopic transnasal/transethmosphenoid optic canal decompression (ETOCD), for the management of patients with traumatic optic neuropathy (TON), focusing mainly on therapeutic efficacy, safety, and resulting prognosis in the clinic.
NEUROSURGICAL REVIEW
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jianhua Qiu, Masen Boucher, Grace Conley, Yue Li, Jingdong Zhang, Nicholas Morriss, William P. Meehan, Rebekah Mannix
Summary: This study reveals that mild traumatic brain injury can cause vision impairments and permanent degeneration of the optic nerve in a continuous process over months.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)