Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Antonio Gamba, Jean-Marc Franssen
Summary: Recent studies have shown that fires in large compartments tend to burn locally and move over time, challenging the assumption of uniform gas temperature in fire compartments; various models have been proposed to describe the evolution of travelling fires, with a numerical model based on an improved zone model and cellular automata model.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Nils Johansson, Enrico Ronchi, Rugiada Scozzari, Michele Fronterre
Summary: This paper introduces a multi-zone modelling approach for analyzing smoke spread in tunnels. The approach is based on an existing model, the Multi-Zone Fire model, which has been modified to consider tunnel fire scenarios. The model performs well in studying tunnel fire dynamics under certain conditions and is a useful tool for time-efficient analysis.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Jian Jiang, Yaoliang Lu, Xu Dai, Guo-Qiang Li, Wei Chen, Jihong Ye
Summary: This study investigates the disproportionate collapse behavior of three-dimensional steel-framed gravity buildings subjected to traveling fires. The research finds that the duration of the heating phase, fire curves, and fire spreading speeds have significant effects on the collapse behavior. It is recommended to consider possible fire scenarios and increase the fire-resistance rating of components to prevent collapse under a traveling fire with a long-cool fire curve.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Ahmad Hassan, Gilbert Accary, Duncan Sutherland, Khalid Moinuddin
Summary: Numerical simulations were conducted to study laboratory-scale junction fires with a shrub fuel bed under different unidirectional wind conditions on various terrain slopes and junction angles. The results showed that the decrease in junction angle enhanced fire spread, and the impact of wind speed on fire behavior depended on the intermediate values of the junction angle. The driving heat transfer mode in junction fires varied based on the presence of wind and slope conditions.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Ioannis Papargyriou, Iman Hajirasouliha
Summary: This study investigates the seismic performance of multi-storey CFS strap-braced frames and proposes a new design methodology to consider the effects of vertical loading. It is found that the presence of vertical loading can lead to premature failures and poor seismic performance. The proposed design methodology shows higher ductility capacity and considerably lower damage levels compared to the code-compliant design. Thus, considering the effects of vertical loading is important for improving the seismic performance of CFS structures.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Xu Dai, Antonio Gamba, Chang Liu, Johan Anderson, Marion Charlier, David Rush, Stephen Welch
Summary: This study investigates the temperature heterogeneity in large open-plan office compartments caused by fire, as well as the ability of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models to reproduce fire spread behavior over timber cribs. The results show that fire spread is highly sensitive to various parameters and linear relationships exist between different fire modes and thermal exposures.
ADVANCES IN ENGINEERING SOFTWARE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Yong Wang, Zhaoqing Ren, Zhaohui Huang, Wanyang Gao, Bo Zhong, Yixiang Bu, Yuner Huang, Yajun Zhang, Guanglin Yuan, Shuai Ma
Summary: The study found that increasing slab thickness is an effective method to enhance fire resistance performance, applied loads have a significant impact on deflection, and traditional temperature failure criteria should consider the detrimental effects of fire-spreading scenarios.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Marion Charlier, Antonio Gamba, Xu Dai, Stephen Welch, Olivier Vassart, Jean-Marc Franssen
Summary: The response of structures exposed to fire is closely related to the type of fire and compartment geometry. Computational fluid dynamics simulations help analyze the influence of compartment geometry and fuel loads on fire spread, enabling prediction of fire propagation. Non-linear thermo-mechanical analysis allows for evaluation of the structural behavior of steel structures.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS-STRUCTURES AND BUILDINGS
(2021)
Article
Forestry
Ahmad Hassan, Gilbert Accary, Duncan Sutherland, Khalid Moinuddin
Summary: This study investigated the behavior and influencing factors of junction fires through numerical modeling and interpretation. The results showed that the junction angle has a significant impact on the spread rate and behavior of the fires, and an increasing slope can exacerbate the acceleration effect. The research findings can be utilized to assess the effects of topographical parameters in extreme fires, which will enhance situational awareness, operational predictions, and firefighter safety.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Yong Wang, Yixiang Bu, Zhaohui Huang, Aolin Gu, Guanxu Han, Xiaoyue Zhang, Yajun Zhang, Yunli Liu, Zhenxing Chen, Wenxuan Guo
Summary: In this study, the interaction between the rectangular slab and the supporting beam positioned along the short median of the slab during a fire was investigated through experimental and numerical analyses. The results showed that the flexural stiffness of the interior beam has a significant influence on the structural behavior, while the steel ratio and fire scenario have less impact. Additionally, the highest temperatures and largest internal forces were found during the cooling phase, potentially leading to delayed failure of the assembly.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Gianluca Quinci, Chiara Nardin, Fabrizio Paolacci, Oreste S. Bursi
Summary: The seismic risk assessment of industrial facilities is complex and requires further research due to the presence of different types of equipment. Currently, there is ongoing investigation regarding the accuracy of analytical approaches developed in the field of performance-based earthquake engineering for complex critical facilities like nuclear and non-nuclear industrial plants. A proposed study aims to thoroughly research critical aspects including modelling of industrial facilities and their equipment, selection of seismic records for fragility analysis, and the effectiveness of performance-based earthquake engineering for risk assessment. The selection of seismic records is particularly relevant, with the innovative algorithm SCoRes deserving further investigation.
BULLETIN OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Bronwyn Forrest, Alexander Dipaola, Vusal Ibrahimli, Ayaan Lakhani, Elizabeth Weckman
Summary: This study examines the time evolution and spatial distribution of five combustion gases during a large-scale furniture fire experiment. The results suggest higher concentrations of CO, NOx, HCN, and VOCs near the fire and smoke layer, while a uniform distribution of gases is observed further away from the fire.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Franz Richter, Guillermo Rein, Panagiotis Kotsovinos, Egle Rackauskaite
Summary: The study aimed to investigate charring rates under different design fires to facilitate performance-based design. Results showed differences in charring behavior and char depths under travelling fires, parametric fires, and the standard fire, highlighting the need for consideration in structural calculations.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
You Jia, Xueliang Fan, Yelin Deng, Xinlei Zhu, Qingyang Yu, Weifeng Zhao
Summary: This paper investigates the temperature characteristics induced by two pool fires in a tunnel. The study utilizes a multi-layer zone (MLZ) model, small-scale experiments, and fire dynamics simulations to consider different fire sizes and spacing. The results show that the radiation between layers plays a significant role in the model, while the effect of different numbers of vertical divisions can be ignored. The revised model exhibits good agreement with experimental and numerical simulations, thus providing a reasonable prediction of maximum, longitudinal, and vertical temperature characteristics.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Forestry
Vesna Zegarac Leskovar, Miroslav Premrov
Summary: Despite the increasing trend of multi-storey timber buildings globally, their scale remains relatively low due to the complexity of design and the need for comprehensive studies to determine their suitability in specific environments. The paper also provides an overview of high-rise timber buildings in Europe and discusses the complexity of design approaches for such structures. The importance of synthesising architectural, energy, and structural solutions is highlighted through the analysis of three selected case studies, contributing to a better exploitation of timber construction potential in Europe and beyond.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Z. Al-Nabulsi, J. T. Mottram, M. Gillie, N. Kourra, M. A. Williams
Summary: The study investigates the 3D printing of steel in structural engineering using Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) method, focusing on mechanical properties and internal structure analysis. The results show that WAAM steel meets the requirements for structural steel grade in building structures.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Vinny Gupta, Jose L. Torero, Juan P. Hidalgo
Summary: Wood cribs are commonly used as fuel loads for fire testing in built environments, with their burning processes strongly dependent on fuel nature and compartment geometry. The dynamics of compartment fires are influenced by internal processes within the crib and external momentum-driven flows, leading to transitions between fuel-bed and momentum-controlled burning regimes. Understanding these dynamics is essential for studying fire behavior in large open-plan compartments.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Tarek L. Rashwan, Jose L. Torero, Jason Gerhard
Summary: With the increasing popularity of applied smouldering systems for energy conversion, there is a strong interest in optimizing reactor design to support robust smouldering. Heat losses play a critical role in the energy balance of smouldering systems and have implications for propagation limits and reactor design. Research shows that system energy efficiency is highly sensitive to improved insulation and increased radius up to a certain threshold, beyond which the sensitivity diminishes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Mhd Anwar Orabi, Aatif Ali Khan, Liming Jiang, Tejeswar Yarlagadda, Jose Torero, Asif Usmani
Summary: This paper introduces the necessary considerations for the performance of tall, composite, and complex buildings in fire, and highlights recent advancements in numerical simulation. By integrating these advancements into a unified simulation environment, the necessity and efficiency of the developed simulation environment for thermomechanical simulation of composite structures in fire are demonstrated.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
David Lange, Jose L. Torero, Graham Spinardi, Angus Law, Peter Johnson, Ashley Brinson, Cristian Maluk, Juan P. Hidalgo, Michael Woodrow
Summary: This paper discusses the motivation for stronger accreditation of fire safety engineers and proposes a competency framework to meet the current needs of the public.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Riza Suwondo, Lee Cunningham, Martin Gillie, Made Suangga, Irpan Hidayat
Summary: The study focused on analyzing the progressive collapse of steel frame buildings under localized fire and proposed methods to enhance their structural collapse resistance. The importance of lateral resistance and load redistribution in building robustness was emphasized, and approaches to improve robustness during a fire were recommended, such as increasing beam size and vertical bracing systems.
JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL FIRE ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Roberto Parot, Jose Ignacio Rivera, Pedro Reszka, Jose Luis Torero, Andres Fuentes
Summary: This study proposes a general model to predict the ignition delay time of solid fuels under different fire conditions. Four different heat flux behaviors are considered, and both exact and approximate solutions are provided. The model shows good adaptability when dealing with high heat fluxes.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2022)
Review
Engineering, Civil
Hangyu Xu, Ian Pope, Vinny Gupta, Jaime Cadena, Jeronimo Carrascal, David Lange, Martyn S. McLaggan, Julian Mendez, Andres Osorio, Angela Solarte, Diana Soriguer, Jose L. Torero, Felix Wiesner, Abdulrahman Zaben, Juan P. Hidalgo
Summary: Fire safety is a major challenge for engineered timber buildings due to their combustible nature. This paper presents a literature review and the design of a large-scale testing methodology to establish the fundamental principles for the self-extinction of engineered timber. Research at material and compartment scales has quantified self-extinction and demonstrated the complex phenomena involved, providing insights for the design framework.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Jaime E. Cadena, Martyn McLaggan, Andres F. Osorio, Jose L. Torero, David Lange
Summary: Risk assessments are crucial for decision-making in hazardous systems, but the process requires technical expertise. The acceptance criteria for evaluating risks are also important factors in the process. In the built environment, risk assessments are used to support performance-based design, but the author argues that fire safety performance should be defined based on fire consequences rather than relying on risk assessments as a proxy. A new fire risk assessment methodology is introduced, based on the concept of maximum allowable damage, to improve the reliability of risk assessments and create a safer built environment.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Olivia Phoeby Narenthiran, Jose Torero, Michael Woodrow
Summary: Accessible design within the built environment has traditionally focused on mobility conditions but is now expanding to include mental health and 'non-visible' conditions. This research aimed to identify ways of reducing physical barriers faced by people with disabilities in the workplace. A survey was conducted among students and staff at a UK university to understand how they have adapted their home spaces and what barriers they still encounter. Key findings included the need for separating work and rest spaces in bedrooms. The study concludes that involving users in the design process and considering specific needs is crucial for achieving maximum benefit.
Article
Thermodynamics
Xiuqi Xi, Jose L. Torero, Augustin Guibaud
Summary: This paper presents a methodology that combines data assimilation and physical modeling to forecast fire growth. The method integrates an analytical solution for combustion and a CFD model for flow structure, and assimilates coefficients to improve the accuracy of fire spread rate and flame length predictions. Validation and convergence assessment demonstrate the robustness and potential of this approach.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Bouaza Lafdal, Racha Djebbar, Pascal Boulet, Rabah Mehaddi, ElMehdi Koutaiba, Tarek Beji, Jose Luis Torero
Summary: Numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the compartment fire problem with a single door opening. Three combustion regimes were identified based on the average temperature variation inside the compartment, and a linear correlation was found between the maximum heat release rate and the ventilation factor.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Seyed Ziaedin Miry, Marco A. B. Zanoni, Tarek L. Rashwan, Jose L. Torero, Jason I. Gerhard
Summary: A multi-dimensional applied smouldering numerical model was developed and validated, revealing the multi-dimensional effects in applied smouldering systems and providing a new tool for research and optimization of smouldering reactors.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Andrea Lucherini, Juan P. Hidalgo, Jose L. Torero, Cristian Maluk
Summary: This research study presents a heat transfer model for estimating the thermal and physical response of intumescent coatings. The study demonstrates the importance of coating swelling and thermal conditions at the coating-substrate interface in governing heat conduction within intumescent coatings.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Andrea Franchini, Carmine Galasso, Jose L. Torero
Summary: This paper introduces a structural design optimization methodology for minimizing the consequences of a fire. The methodology considers the trade-off between implementing passive fire protection measures and enhancing a structure's inherent fire capacity. The feasibility of the methodology is demonstrated through a case study on the fire safety design of a steel girder bridge. The optimization process generates multiple Pareto-optimal solutions for minimizing the maximum bridge deflection after a given fire exposure time.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Jingzhe Li, Qihan Shen, Jingfeng Wang, Fengqin Wang, Guoqiang Li
Summary: This study investigates the effectiveness of externally bonding carbon-FRP for strengthening concrete-filled steel tube short columns with void defects. It proposes strength prediction formulas and provides insights into the strengthening mechanisms.
JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIONAL STEEL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Tianyao Liu, Xudong Qian, Wei Wang, Yiyi Chen
Summary: This article translates the ductile tearing process of welded joints made from circular hollow sections into the load resistance and strain levels, providing an interface between fracture-mechanics based assessments and engineering analysis and monitoring.
JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIONAL STEEL RESEARCH
(2024)
Review
Construction & Building Technology
Zhen Zhu, Yuliang Chen, Huiqin Wu, Peihuan Ye
Summary: This study investigated the shear capacity of solid-web H-shaped steel reinforced concrete (HSRC) columns under combined torque. Seven HSRC columns were tested, and the influence of different parameters on the shear capacity was analyzed. The results showed that the addition of H-shaped steel improved the shear capacity, while increasing the axial compression ratio increased the shear capacity. However, increasing the torsion bend ratio and shear span ratio decreased the shear capacity.
JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIONAL STEEL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Naizhou Zhang, Huatian Zhao, Lianjin Bao, Feng Zhou, Xiaoming Chen, Sheng Jiang, Gang Shi
Summary: This study focuses on the mechanical properties of butt welds in thick GJ steel plates and analyzes the differences between the weld specimens and the base metals in terms of static and cyclic mechanical properties.
JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIONAL STEEL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Xianzhong Zhao, Zhenyu Xu, Shen Yan
Summary: This study aims to reveal the mechanisms that determine the survival of suspended domes when subjected to sudden cable rupture. The results show that the remaining structure can arrest the initial local damage and establish an alternative path for hoop cables, thereby regaining balance. The relaxation of hoop cables can transmit outwards and inwards, causing severe damage and potential structural collapse. The failure of diagonal cables has minimal impact on the structure.
JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIONAL STEEL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Kathleen Lauwens, Barbara Rossi
Summary: This paper presents an experimental program that tests the behavior of fabricated stainless steel beams under combined bending and torsion. The test results are compared to elastic theory and highlight the overly conservative nature of current design rules.
JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIONAL STEEL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Sima Abolghasemi, Nicholas E. Wierschem, Mark D. Denavit
Summary: Structures susceptible to soft story mechanisms are particularly vulnerable to earthquakes. The strongback has been proposed as a way to prevent soft story mechanisms, but its impact on structural performance considering vertical stiffness irregularities and different arrangements of energy dissipation devices is unclear. This study investigates the effects of strongback on a small-scale four-story elastic structure with varying stiffness irregularities and damper arrangements. The results show that the strongback significantly reduces maximum story drift and makes the structural performance insensitive to damper position and distribution.
JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIONAL STEEL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Tran-Van Han, Jeong MoonSook, YongNam Kim, Dongkyu Lee, Nguyen-Vu Luat, Kihak Lee
Summary: This paper presents a new approach for steel modular structures, incorporating the S-CN connector and rectangular hollow section (RHS) steel members. The mechanical behavior of S-CN connectors and their application in beam-column connections under compressive loading are studied numerically and validated experimentally.
JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIONAL STEEL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yong-li Tao, Xue-chun Liu, Xuesen Chen, Wen -bin Cui, Long-xin Guo
Summary: In this study, different weld details were proposed to improve the seismic performance of steel column splicing flange joints. Four full-scale specimens were tested under cyclic loads to analyze the hysteresis behaviors, yield moment, ductility, bolt forces, energy dissipation, stress and strains. Parametric analysis was conducted to discuss the influences of weld details, weld geometries, and flange openings. The results showed that different weld details had advantages in terms of ductility or energy dissipation capacity, bolt tension distribution, stress or strain distributions. Formulas for yield moments were proposed and validated for seismic design of bolted flange joints in prefabricated steel structures.
JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIONAL STEEL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Wanqian Wang, Jingfeng Wang, Xiao Peng, Lei Guo
Summary: This paper investigates the overall response of the lightweight EPS-filled cold-formed steel (CFS) shear wall structure to earthquake disasters. A simplified analysis model is established using a strut and tie-equivalent spring model. Nonlinear analysis is conducted to assess the seismic resilience of this type of residence. The research findings provide important guidance for the nonlinear analysis and seismic resilience assessment of this kind of building.
JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIONAL STEEL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Hui Zhao, Zhenhe Wang, Wenhao Zhang, Rui Wang, Dongdong Yang, Dennis Lam
Summary: In this study, the post-fire performance of round-ended recycled aggregate concrete-filled steel tubular (RE-RACFST) short columns was investigated through experiments and numerical simulations. The results showed that an increase in the recycled aggregate content led to a decrease in the bearing capacity and elastic stiffness of the RE-RACFSTs, as well as an earlier onset of the confining effect. Finite element models were also established and used to study the effects of key factors on the residual load-carrying capacity. Furthermore, a simplified formula was proposed to estimate the post-fire residual capacity of RERACFST stub columns.
JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIONAL STEEL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Chengjun Tan, Tao Sun, Hua Zhao, Lei Tu, Dongqin Qiao, Xudong Shao
Summary: By combining UHPC layer with steel plates and RC structures, the proposed strengthening method effectively enhances the shear capacity of pre-damaged RC beams. The experimental results demonstrate promising applications for strengthening old/defective bridges.
JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIONAL STEEL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Shujun Hu, Yuan Liao, Sizhi Zeng, Hai Huang, Yujie Yu
Summary: In this study, a new cross-section-type shear connector connection was proposed to improve the shear resistance in a prefabricated concrete frame-eccentrically steel brace structure. Experimental tests and numerical simulations were conducted, revealing that increasing the concrete strength, connector number, and connector section dimensions can enhance the shear stiffness and strength.
JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIONAL STEEL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yong Wang, Yong Du, Shaojun Zhu, Lei Huang
Summary: This study investigated the influence of temperature on the anti-sliding performance of prestressed parallel wire strand clamps (PWSCs) through experiments and numerical analyses. The study found that the anti-sliding resistance of the clamps decreases at high temperatures, the fire resistance time decreases with higher thrusting load levels, and the bolt pretension also decreases.
JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIONAL STEEL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Hongbo Liu, Yixiao Zhou, Fei Wang, Yan Lu, Zhihua Chen
Summary: This study investigates the effects of low temperature and corrosion on the impact toughness of steel structures. It is found that both low temperature and corrosion can reduce the impact energy of the steel, with corrosion having a greater impact at low temperature.
JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIONAL STEEL RESEARCH
(2024)
