Article
Neurosciences
Tanya Wen, Tobias Egner
Summary: The multiple-demand (MD) network is sensitive to various aspects of cognitive demand and shows increased activation with more difficult tasks. The MD network processes cognitive effort in a context-independent manner, with absolute difficulty of tasks being an important coding factor.
Article
Surgery
Michael E. Villarreal, Clayton Rothwell, Emily Huang
Summary: This study aimed to expand the laparoscopic cholecystectomy task model using cognitive task analysis in order to better formalize and convey the microsteps to residents as teaching materials and to attending surgeons. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with expert general surgeons and a hepatobiliary surgeon, resulting in the expansion of the task model from 19 to 97 microsteps.
SURGICAL ENDOSCOPY AND OTHER INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Yunhang Lu, Jingu Kim, Teri Kim
Summary: This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the neurophysiological differences underlying motor and cognitive skills. Three types of tasks were developed and the results showed significant activation patterns in different brain regions for the complex motor task compared to the simple motor task, as well as for the cognitive task compared to the simple motor task. These findings challenge the conventional classification of cognitive and motor tasks based solely on decision making and motor control.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Armin Rashidi Nasab, Hassan Malekitabar, Hazem Elzarka, Ala Nekouvaght Tak, Khashayar Ghorab
Summary: This study introduces a novel Building Information Modeling (BIM)-based model to assess the increased hazard resulting from overlapping construction activities and builds a source-target match table to reveal the characteristics of activities that generate hazardous conflicts when overlapping. The key contribution of this research is the assessment, prioritization, and visualization of risk levels in a BIM environment, providing a practical tool for safety managers to proactively address safety risks from overlapping activities.
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Jing Xu, Clara Cheung, Patrick Manu, Obuks Ejohwomu, Judy Too
Summary: This study aims to explore the implementation of safety leading indicators to improve safety management in the construction industry. Through a Delphi survey and voting analytic hierarchy process, the relative importance of 17 safety leading indicators was determined. The study also identified operational, organizational, and strategic barriers to the effective implementation of safety leading indicators and suggested strategies for addressing these barriers.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Suhao Peng, Dan Tao, Bin Xuan
Summary: Two studies found that social rejection and ostracism have different effects on cognitive effort avoidance. Study 1 showed that individuals who experienced social rejection exhibited impaired response accuracy and increased cognitive effort avoidance. Study 2 showed that ostracism affected response speed and accuracy, but not cognitive effort avoidance. These findings highlight the differential effects of social rejection and ostracism on cognitive effort.
PSYCHOLOGY RESEARCH AND BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yanqun Yang, Yu Wang, Said M. Easa, Xiaobo Yan
Summary: Currently, the global tunnel construction industry is growing rapidly, but construction accidents occur frequently, causing numerous casualties and property losses. It is necessary to focus on the causes of tunnel construction accidents, ensure construction site safety, and reduce such accidents. Through literature and case analysis, we identified 35 typical tunnel causative factors and conducted research and analysis. These factors were classified into 7 types. A measurement questionnaire was prepared based on a variable system and 536 valid questionnaires were collected. Using a structural equation model (SEM), the relationship between these variables was studied. The results revealed that six latent variables significantly influence tunnel construction accidents: human factors, material factors, geological exploration design, technical management, safety management, and natural conditions. Natural conditions have the greatest impact, followed by human factors and safety management. Education, training, and safety management in construction risk control should be given particular attention. The structural model and research findings contribute to establishing the theory of causes of tunnel construction accidents and guide the formulation of safety management policies for tunnel construction projects in order to reduce tunnel accidents and ensure construction safety.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Millicent Asah-Kissiedu, Patrick Manu, Colin Anthony Booth, Abdul-Majeed Mahamadu, Kofi Agyekum
Summary: Safety, health, and environmental (SHE) management is becoming a priority for construction companies to reduce accidents and negative environmental impacts. However, there is limited empirical insight regarding the integrated SHE management capabilities of construction companies. A capability maturity model integration concept has been developed to assess and prioritize strategies for improving SHE management capabilities.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Marco Ragni, Daniel Brand, Nicolas Riesterer
Summary: This paper discusses the development of cognitive theories in explaining human spatial relational reasoning and emphasizes the need for a missing quantitative benchmark for comparing computational models. By presenting a new evaluation approach, the research shifts its focus from reproducing aggregated response patterns to assessing the predictive power of models for individual reasoners. The study demonstrates that not all psychological effects can distinguish theories and discusses implications for modeling spatial relational reasoning.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Shaoze Wu, Lei Hou, Haosen Chen, Guomin (Kevin) Zhang, Yang Zou, Quddus Tushar
Summary: There is a growing interest in using wearable Augmented Reality (AR) devices to improve the task performance of construction workers. This study introduces cognitive ergonomics theory to design and develop a customized and user-friendly AR application. The experiment results indicate that the application can enhance the skill development and kinaesthetic performance of construction workers, promoting the uptake of wearable AR in the construction industry.
AUTOMATION IN CONSTRUCTION
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Jungwoo Lee, Cheong Kim, Kun Chang Lee
Summary: This study examines the effects of stress on creativity in business problem-solving through experiments and a psychological model. The results show that creativity decreases under stress, supported by heart rate indicators and brain wave analysis. This research provides a new and objective interpretation of existing research results.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ergonomics
Rebecca B. Naumann, Nasim S. Sabounchi, Jill Kuhlberg, Bhavna Singichetti, Stephen W. Marshall, Kristen Hassmiller Lich
Summary: This study uses a system dynamics model to explore the impact of congestion pricing policy on pedestrian injuries and finds that infrastructure improvements and speed management interventions can reduce congestion and improve safety. However, certain pricing configurations may lead to more pedestrian injuries.
ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Maryam Askarishahi, Mohammad-Sadegh Salehi, Stefan Radl
Summary: The fluidization behavior of cohesive particles was investigated and a new model was developed to predict the conditions under which particle agglomeration and clustering occur. Simulation analysis revealed that the particle Bond number and tensile pressure prefactor play significant roles in the formation of agglomerates and clusters. A comprehensive fluidization chart was obtained by analyzing the relationship between shear stress and yield stress, which can assist in the design of fluidized beds.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Qijie Cai, Qijun Hu, Guoli Ma
Summary: This paper proposes a novel hybrid reasoning approach to perceive the risk level of mountain tunnel collapse under uncertainty by integrating the extended cloud model (ECM) and improved Dempster-Shafer (D-S) evidence theory. The method effectively addresses uncertainty and fuzziness in risk factors through procedures such as weight assessment of evidence, evidence source improvement, and evidence fusion, enhancing the accuracy and reliability of risk assessment.
JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Katie J. Robinson, David R. Lubans, Myrto F. Mavilidi, Charles H. Hillman, Valentin Benzing, Sarah R. Valkenborghs, Daniel Barker, Nicholas Riley
Summary: The study found that participation in body weight resistance training without cognitive training led to selective improvements in episodic memory among adolescents. Classroom activity breaks, both with and without cognitive demand, improved participants' on-task behavior, while resistance training did not lead to improvements in muscular fitness. Longer study periods may be necessary to induce improvements in muscular fitness and associated changes in inhibition and cognitive flexibility.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)