Article
Plant Sciences
Yihao Wei, Shuping Xiong, Zhiyong Zhang, Xiaodan Meng, Lulu Wang, Xiaojiao Zhang, Meiqin Yu, Haidong Yu, Xiaochun Wang, Xinming Ma
Summary: This study investigated the localization and expression of individual TaGS isozymes in wheat grain, highlighting the distinct roles they play in nitrogen metabolism during grain development. TaGS1;3 was found to play a key role in Gln assimilation into endosperm for gluten synthesis, with stable expression in specific grain tissues. The findings suggest that GS-GOGAT cycle and GDH have varying impacts on NH4+ assimilation in different stages of grain development.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Caryn Z. Pang, Yuen K. Ip, Shit F. Chew
Summary: The marble goby, a freshwater fish, can adapt to survive in seawater and only has one Na+/K+-ATPase alpha-subunit isoform in its gills. During exposure to seawater, the transcript level of Nka alpha 1 significantly increases on day 1 and day 6, while Nka alpha 3 only increases significantly on day 1.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Robert Schoeppe, Nathalie Babl, Sonja-Maria Decking, Gabriele Schoenhammer, Andreas Siegmund, Christina Bruss, Katja Dettmer, Peter J. Oefner, Linus Frick, Anna Weigert, Jonathan Jantsch, Wolfgang Herr, Michael Rehli, Kathrin Renner, Marina Kreutz
Summary: Glutamine synthetase (GS) is important for the survival of tumor cells in a glutamine deficient environment, but its impact on survival and function of myeloid cells is minimal except for the monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1. Inhibition of GS also targets immune cells such as dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages, reducing their survival and reversing the proliferation rescue of THP-1 cells caused by glutamate supplementation.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Emanuele La Bella, Andrea Baglieri, Ermes Ivan Rovetto, Piergiorgio Stevanato, Ivana Puglisi
Summary: The study investigated the application of Chlorella vulgaris extract on lettuce seedlings, which positively influenced the growth of seedlings, increased chlorophylls, carotenoids, protein content, and ashes in shoots. Additionally, the extract also had a positive impact on the nitrogen metabolism in shoots and increased dry matter, proteins, and ash content in roots.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jing Wang, Nan Wang, Ming Qi, Jianjun Li, Bie Tan
Summary: This study investigated the effects of Gln, Glu, and Asp on intestinal morphology and energy metabolism in weaning piglets. The results showed that Gln, Glu, and Asp can restore the energy balance of intestinal mucosa in weaning piglets by regulating energy metabolism and improving intestinal morphology. However, low energy feeding may decrease their efficacy.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ivana Puglisi, Emanuele La Bella, Ermes Ivan Rovetto, Piergiorgio Stevanato, Giancarlo Fascella, Andrea Baglieri
Summary: Microalgae-based products applied as biostimulants have attracted the attention of researchers. This study evaluated the effect of two different methods of Chlorella vulgaris extract application (foliar spray and root drenching) on lettuce seedlings. The growth parameters, chlorophyll, carotenoid, and protein contents, as well as enzymatic activities involved in primary and secondary metabolism, were monitored. The results showed that both application methods positively influenced the growth and biochemical response of lettuce seedlings, although their mechanisms of action seemed to be different.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Chuqiao Pan, Shijie Mao, Zeping Xiong, Zhao Chen, Ning Xu
Summary: Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) is a key enzyme in mammalian glutamate metabolism, participating in multiple metabolic pathways and cellular activities. Its dysfunction may lead to various neurodegenerative diseases. Activators and gene therapy targeting GDH have shown potential in protecting neurons and improving motor disorders caused by glutamate metabolism disorders. This approach offers new insights and treatment strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qin Li, Haowei Zhang, Yi Song, Minyang Wang, Chongchong Hua, Yashi Li, Sanfeng Chen, Ray Dixon, Jilun Li
Summary: Paenibacillus sabinae T27 exhibits an unusual nitrogen regulation pattern, and the alanine dehydrogenase ald1 plays a key role in nitrogen fixation at high ammonium concentrations.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Veronica Rodriguez-Herrero, Arnau Peris, Monica Camacho, Vanesa Bautista, Julia Esclapez, Maria-Jose Bonete
Summary: The study uncovers a new metabolic pathway in halophilic archaea, expanding the understanding of alternative nitrogen source utilization in this domain.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Andre Barany, Neda Gilannejad, Maria Alameda-Lopez, Liliana Rodriguez-Velasquez, Antonio Astola, Gonzalo Martinez-Rodriguez, Javier Roo, Jose Luis Munoz, Juan Miguel Mancera
Summary: The study on early juveniles of the greater amberjack acclimated to different salinities revealed enhanced osmoregulatory capacity at lower salinities, increased plasma metabolic substrates, and significant changes in electrophysiological parameters in the intestine with increasing environmental salinity. Additionally, the expression of adeno-hypophyseal genes varied with salinity, explaining better growth in individuals kept at salinities close to isosmotic point.
Article
Anesthesiology
Qin-qin He, Man Yang, Jing Huang, Wei Wu, Kuo Tang, Yong Zhang, Jian Zhou, Wei Ou, Maodi Xie, Yu Liang, Peilin Lu, Yunxia Zuo, Hai Yu, Tao Li
Summary: Intermittent hypoxia exposure decreased mouse sensitivity to sevoflurane anesthesia through enhanced O-GlcNAc-dependent modulation of the glutamate-glutamine cycle in the brain, as shown by the experimental results.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA
(2022)
Review
Physiology
Carol Eunmi Lee, Guy Charmantier, Catherine Lorin-Nebel
Summary: Life in freshwater poses osmotic and energetic challenges for organisms, particularly arthropods. The mechanisms of ion uptake from freshwater environments are still poorly understood, but the proton pump V-type H+ ATPase (VHA) and the Na+/H+ antiporter (NHA) have been proposed as potential models. This study explores the evidence for these models in crustaceans, insects, and teleost fish and emphasizes the need for further research on ion uptake mechanisms in freshwater habitats.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Umesh Pravin Dhuldhaj, Urja Vinodray Pandya
Summary: The present study showed that increasing As (III) concentration resulted in decreased growth, morphological changes, decreased nitrogenase activity, and altered enzyme activities and photosynthetic rates in the diazotrophic cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7120.
ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Duk-Shin Lee, Ji-Eun Kim
Summary: This study found that P2X7 receptor plays an important role in LPS-induced neuroinflammation by affecting Nrf2 activity/expression and GSH synthesis.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Jinnan Song, Jingli Yang, Byoung Ryong Jeong
Summary: This study investigates the effects of silicon on ammonium toxicity in cabbage plants. It found that silicon can alleviate ammonium toxicity by reducing chlorosis, foliage necrosis, and stunted roots. Additionally, silicon mitigates the inhibition of nutrient uptake, restricted photosynthesis, and oxidative stress caused by ammonium toxicity. Furthermore, silicon enhances the activity of key enzymes involved in ammonium assimilation and increases ammonium content in leaves.
FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Yuen K. Ip, Mel Boo, Miguel Mies, Shit F. Chew
Summary: The study found that after 30 days of exposure to darkness, giant clams showed significant changes in coloration and gene expression in the outer mantle. However, after returning to a normal photoperiod for just 11 days, the quantity of symbionts and coloration increased significantly, indicating that the giant clam-coccoid dinoflagellate holobiont is phototrophically plastic and particularly tolerant to bleaching.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mel Boo, Caryn Z. Pang, Shit F. Chew, Yuen K. Ip
Summary: Giant clams require increased transport of Ca2+ and HCO3- for shell formation. This study identified two proteins involved in HCO3- transport and found that their expression levels increased significantly in response to light, suggesting their role in light-enhanced uptake of HCO3-.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Brittney G. Borowiec, Oana Birceanu, Jonathan M. Wilson, Allison E. McDonald, Michael P. Wilkie
Summary: This study investigated the difference between TFM and niclosamide in uncoupling mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The results showed that niclosamide has greater toxicity and a more pronounced effect on mitochondria compared to TFM. Additionally, temperature did not affect the efficacy of both agents.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Louise Tunnah, Jonathan M. Wilson, Patricia A. Wright
Summary: The study found that in amphibious fishes, the density of cutaneous ionocytes increases with development, allowing them to survive longer on land. Additionally, cutaneous neuroepithelial cells are not a ubiquitous feature in amphibious species.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Caryn Z. Pang, Mel Boo, Yuen K. Ip, Shit F. Chew
Summary: Research on giant clams reveals that dinoflagellates utilize AMT2 to absorb ammonia in photosynthesis, particularly with a stronger absorption capacity in dinoflagellates residing in the outer mantle, enhancing the assimilation process of ammonia.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Germaine C. Y. Teng, Mel V. Boo, Siew H. Lam, Caryn Z. Pang, Shit F. Chew, Yuen K. Ip
Summary: This study reports on the glycerol transport protein in the symbionts of giant clams and suggests potential differences in glycerol transport capabilities among different genetic types.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuen K. Ip, Charmaine W. Q. Leong, Mel Boo, Wai P. Wong, Siew H. Lam, Shit F. Chew
Summary: African lungfishes are highly ammonia-tolerant obligatory air-breathers. The study found that branchial vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (Vha) played a crucial role in regulating the acidification of the external medium in lungfishes. Furthermore, exposure to high ammonia concentrations resulted in increased expression and activity of Vha, enhancing its ability to acidify the external medium.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Caryn Z. Pang, Yuen K. Ip, Shit F. Chew
Summary: This study used transcript levels of ammonia transporter in different genera of Symbiodiniaceae dinoflagellates to estimate their potential of ammonia transport in the fluted giant clam. The results indicated that different phylotypes of Symbiodinium and Cladocopium have different potentials of ammonia transport, and Symbiodinium phylotypes might have higher potential of NO3- transport than ammonia transport. The study also revealed disparate potentials of ammonia transport among Symbiodiniaceae phylotypes residing in different organs of T. squamosa, suggesting functional diversity among these phylotypes.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Raagavi Mani, Mel Boo, Siow Y. Ng, Shit F. Chew, Yuen K. Ip
Summary: Giant clams harbor symbiotic dinoflagellates that possess their own carbon concentration mechanism and are influenced by light exposure. The study indicates that light enhances the gene and protein expression levels of the symbiotic dinoflagellates in the clam's outer mantle, and different species may vary in their ability to generate CO2.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
M. J. Lawrence, P. Grayson, J. D. Jeffrey, M. F. Docker, C. J. Garroway, J. M. Wilson, R. G. Manzon, M. P. Wilkie, K. M. Jeffries
Summary: This study examines the differential pesticide sensitivity in two fish species and finds that the tolerant native species, bluegill, exhibits a larger number of detoxification genes expressed, potentially contributing to its greater tolerance to the pesticide.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Shuang Liu, Jonathan M. Wilson, Eric B. Taylor, Jeffrey G. Richards
Summary: Phenotypic divergence is a key characteristic of adaptive radiation. This study examined the differentiation in ion regulation characteristics among populations of prickly sculpin (Cottus asper) from different habitat types and explored the relationship between environmental water chemistry and physiological characteristics. The results suggest that habitat variation may play an important role in driving differences in gill Na+/K+-ATPase and H+-ATPase activity across populations, and the combined effect of water Na+ and pH may have contributed to physiological adaptation during freshwater colonization and dispersal of C. asper after the last glacial period.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Kelsy Moffatt, Mark Rossi, Edward Park, Jon Christian Svendsen, Jonathan M. Wilson
Summary: Stomach acid secretion is important for digestion and growth, and can be simulated by using omeprazole, a gastric proton pump inhibitor, to study the effects on metabolism and growth.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kaveh Esfandiyari, Louis J. Pfeifer, Mina Amiri Farahani, Salman Malakpour Kolbadinezhad, L. Filipe Castro, Jonathan M. Wilson
Summary: This research reveals the presence of gastric proton pump expression in the gastric glands of goby fish and mudskippers, indicating that these species have retained the ability for acid digestion.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
P. Ferreira, G. T. Kwan, S. Haldorson, J. L. Rummer, F. Tashiro, L. F. C. Castro, M. Tresguerres, J. M. Wilson
Summary: Puffer and porcupine fishes have the ability to inflate themselves by swallowing seawater to defend against predation, but this mechanism leads to the loss of stomach function. Through studying the stomach phenotype and genotype of four different fish species, it was found that this inflation mechanism is only present in Tetraodontiformes and is not a selective pressure for stomach loss in other gastric inflating fishes.