Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Toer W. Stevens, Krisztina Gecse, Jerrold R. Turner, Gert de Hertogh, David T. Rubin, Geert R. D'Haens
Summary: A post hoc analysis of data from a phase 4 trial found that FC concentration can be used to discriminate patients with ongoing microscopic inflammation from patients with histologic remission even in patients with complete endoscopic healing of UC. The optimal cut-off concentration of FC is between 75 and 100 μg/g.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Parambir S. Dulai, Brian G. Feagan, Bruce E. Sands, Jingjing Chen, Karen Lasch, Richard A. Lirio
Summary: This study evaluated the value of post-induction fecal calprotectin (FCP) concentration as a biomarker in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) treated with a biologic. It found that a post-induction FCP concentration of 250 mg/g vs >250 mg/g was associated with an increased probability of achieving long-term clinical, endoscopic, and histologic remission, and a reduced probability of colectomy and UC-related hospitalization.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ludimilla dos Reis Malvao, Kalil Madi, Barbara Cathala Esberard, Renata Fernandes de Amorim, Kelly dos Santos Silva, Katia Farias e Silva, Heitor Siffert Pereira de Souza, Ana Teresa Pugas Carvalho
Summary: Fecal calprotectin concentration can predict mucosal healing in patients with ulcerative colitis, especially when the concentration is below 100 µg/g. There is a positive correlation between FC concentration and colonic mucosal inflammatory status and deep remission.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Antonia Hufnagel, Laura Dearden, Denise S. Fernandez-Twinn, Susan E. Ozanne
Summary: Obesity and gestational diabetes during pregnancy can have both short-term and long-term consequences for both mother and child. One common feature of these conditions is maternal hyperinsulinaemia, which can affect placental growth, angiogenesis, and lipid metabolism. The fetus is exposed to high levels of glucose due to maternal hyperglycaemia, leading to fetal hyperglycaemia/hyperinsulinaemia and complications in fetal development. These changes may increase the risk of cardiometabolic diseases in the offspring later in life. This review summarizes the impact of maternal and fetal hyperinsulinaemia on various aspects and discusses interventions to alleviate these effects.
JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yun Liu, Wenkai Liu, Tao Wei, Zhan Li, Minghao Li, Rongwang Dai, Zhongying Xue, Xing Wei
Summary: In this study, twin lamellae with microscale and nanoscale in 300 mm (001) Czochralski monocrystalline silicon were characterized and their formation mechanism and origins were discussed. The results showed that both types of twin lamellae are on the {111} plane and identified as E3 twin.
MATERIALS SCIENCE IN SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Thomas M. Goodsall, Alice S. Day, Jane M. Andrews, Andrew Ruszkiewicz, Christopher Ma, Robert Bryant
Summary: This cohort study compared the histological and intestinal ultrasound activity of ulcerative colitis in patients undergoing endoscopy. It found that a composite of intestinal ultrasound and fecal calprotectin could accurately predict histological activity in ulcerative colitis, providing a noninvasive marker for disease activity.
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Xiaoqi Ye, Ying Wang, Harry H. X. Wang, Rui Feng, Ziyin Ye, Jing Han, Li Li, Zhirong Zeng, Minhu Chen, Shenghong Zhang
Summary: FC is a valuable biomarker for assessing histological activity in patients with UC, with good sensitivity and specificity for evaluating histological response and remission. Studies using Nancy Index showed higher accuracy of FC, and higher sensitivity was observed when FC cutoff values were >100 mcg/g.
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Li-Wei Kuo, Steven A. F. Smith, Chien-Chih Chen, Ching-Shun Ku, Ching-Yu Chiang, Dennis Brown, Marianne Negrini, Wen-Jeng Huang, Tze-Yuan Chen
Summary: Cloud-to-ground lightning causes high-temperature and high-pressure metamorphism of rocks, forming rock fulgurite. Microstructural features indicative of high temperatures and pressures can be observed in fulgurites at the surface and in fractures several meters below the surface. A 1-D numerical model was conducted to investigate the formation processes of fracture-related fulgurites, showing that electric current density in fractures can explain the occurrence of such fulgurites. This study broadens the environments in which rock fulgurite has been reported and provides a detailed description for comparison with other extreme metamorphic events.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ourania S. Kotsiou, Dimitrios Papagiannis, Rodanthi Papadopoulou, Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis
Summary: This review provides insights into the potential role of Calprotectin in the pathophysiology of lung diseases, highlighting its multifunctionality in cellular processes and emphasizing its potential as a biomarker.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Zoology
Andy Sombke, Carsten H. G. Mueller
Summary: The study revealed a new phenomenon of extensive glandular epithelium in the ultimate legs of Geophilomorpha, demonstrating both secretory and sensory functions. This discovery will enhance future taxonomic studies to investigate the presence of specialized glands as a common feature in Geophilomorpha.
FRONTIERS IN ZOOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Almina Jukic, Latifa Bakiri, Erwin F. Wagner, Herbert Tilg, Timon E. Adolph
Summary: Faecal calprotectin, identified in the 1980s, has emerged as a validated biomarker for evaluating gut inflammation. Recent studies have highlighted the biological functions of calprotectin subunits S100A8 and S100A9 in orchestrating inflammatory responses at mucosal surfaces, suggesting its potential as a rheostat of mucosal inflammation and guiding patient-tailored medical therapy in inflammatory bowel diseases.
Article
Polymer Science
Kostas Ch. Daoulas, Anastasia A. Markina
Summary: This article investigates the orientation of lamellae in polymer semiconductor films. A qualitative free-energy model is developed to study the deformation of lamellae as a function of film thickness, Young modulus, anchoring coefficient, and easy direction at the free surface. The calculations demonstrate the significant bending of lamellae under certain system parameters.
MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Jennifer Murray, Klaartje B. Kok, Ruth M. Ayling
Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic conditions characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosis of IBD, but it is invasive and costly. Fecal calprotectin has been proven to be an accurate surrogate marker for intestinal inflammation in IBD.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Olivier Schalm, Gert Nuyts, Koen Janssens
Summary: This study reveals that the mechanism of glass transformation into a degradation layer is pH-dependent, resulting in different properties of the transformed glass under acidic and alkaline conditions. The existing degradation mechanism based on ion exchange is insufficient to explain the observed differences, indicating the need for a refined mechanism hypothesis.
JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Dong Hoon Lee, Qi Jin, Ni Shi, Fenglei Wang, Alaina M. Bever, Liming Liang, Frank B. Hu, Mingyang Song, Oana A. Zeleznik, Xuehong Zhang, Amit Joshi, Kana Wu, Justin Y. Jeon, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Andrew T. Chan, A. Heather Eliassen, Clary Clish, Steven K. Clinton, Edward L. Giovannucci, Jun Li, Fred K. Tabung
Summary: Metabolomic profiles related to proinflammatory/hyperinsulinaemic diets and inflammatory/insulin biomarkers are associated with type 2 diabetes risk.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Fernando Malalana, Joanne L. Ireland, Gina L. Pinchbeck, Catherine M. McGowan
Summary: This study investigates the risk factors for the development of a first episode of primary uveitis in horses in the UK and documents the proportion of cases that experience recurrence following this first episode. The study finds that being close to a pig farm and a recent history of flooding of the pasture are associated with an increased risk of uveitis, while being in the same owner's possession for a longer amount of time has a protective effect. The proportion of cases that experience recurrence appears low in the UK.
EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Amie Wilson, Tim Mair, Nicola Williams, Catherine McGowan, Gina Pinchbeck
Summary: This study aimed to describe current antimicrobial prescribing practices in equine practice in the UK and Europe, and to understand the surveillance and audit processes for antimicrobial resistance. The results showed that although overall antimicrobial usage seems to be declining, there are still many practices using high priority critical antimicrobials.
EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Natasha E. Lean, Steven T. Zedler, Andrew William Van Eps, Julie B. Engiles, Matthew Ford, Darko Stefanovski, Donald Mark Walsh, Christopher C. Pollitt
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of locking compression plate (LCP) fixation of the distal phalanx in severe acute laminitis. The results showed that LCP fixation in cadaver limbs prevented displacement, while in live horses it caused lamellar pathology and extensive apoptosis.
EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Evan Holdsworth, John S. P. Tulloch, Catherine M. McGowan
Summary: This study investigated the perceived effect of the RCVS Certificate in Advanced Veterinary Practice (CertAVP) on its graduates in terms of career advancement, professional practice, and contentment with work in the veterinary industry. The majority of the respondents felt that CertAVP led to improvements in professional practice but did not improve work-life balance.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Fang I. Li, Robert J. Spence, Melody A. de Laat, Patricia A. Harris, Johanna Sonntag, Nicola J. Menzies-Gow, Andy E. Durham, Simon R. Bailey, Martin N. Sillence
Summary: High insulin levels may be associated with high ACTH levels in aged animals without clinical signs of PPID. Further research is needed to understand this interaction and its implications for ACTH diagnostic reference ranges.
EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Melody A. de Laat, Tobias Warnken, Julien Delarocque, Dania B. Reiche, Anne J. Grob, Karsten Feige, Harry B. Carslake, Andy E. Durham, Martin N. Sillence, Kristen E. Thane, Nicholas Frank, Johan Brojer, Sanna Lindase, Johanna Sonntag
Summary: This study evaluated the palatability of carbohydrate pellets for horses and ponies and their response to blood glucose and insulin, and established the diagnostic threshold for using these pellets in a glucose test.
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Melody A. de Laat, Danielle M. Fitzgerald
Summary: Equine insulin dysregulation (ID) is characterized by increased insulin responses to oral carbohydrates or insulin resistance, leading to sustained or periodic hyperinsulinemia. This condition is associated with a higher risk of laminitis in horses, therefore better understanding of insulin and glucose homeostasis is needed. The enteroinsular axis (EIA) in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) plays a role in regulating insulin secretion, with incretin peptides such as glucagon-like peptide-1 and 2 increasing insulin responses. However, the function of other EIA peptides in horses, such as glicentin and oxyntomodulin, remains unexplored. This review discusses the current knowledge of EIA in horses and its contribution to ID, comparing it to research conducted in other species and highlighting areas for future research.
VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Sarah F. Colmer, Amanda A. Adams, Emma Adam, Rachel Miller, Darko Stefanovski, Jeaneen C. Kulp, Andrew van Eps
Summary: This study found that a single dose of metformin administered prior to oral sugar testing did not significantly decrease the insulinaemic response in horses with naturally-occurring insulin dysregulation. Further research is needed to determine the long-term effects of metformin treatment in these horses.
EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Poppy E. M. Sibthorpe, Danielle M. Fitzgerald, Martin N. Sillence, Melody A. de Laat
Summary: This study investigated the secretion pattern of GLP-2 in healthy ponies and found that oral administration of synthetic GLP-2 increased its plasma concentration and altered blood glucose response. However, further studies with alternative dosing strategies for GLP-2 are needed.
EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Patrick T. Reilly, Andrew van Eps, Darko Stefanovski, Thilo Pfau
Summary: Horseshoes and ground substrates have a significant effect on hoof orientation during mid-stance. Specific combinations of shoes and substrates can cause changes in hoof angles in walking horses.
EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Danielle M. Fitzgerald, Christina M. Cash, Kevin J. Dudley, Poppy E. M. Sibthorpe, Martin N. Sillence, Melody A. de Laat
Summary: This study investigated the role of active glucagon-like peptide-1 (aGLP-1) in equine insulin dysregulation (ID) and found that the difference in post-prandial aGLP-1 concentration was not due to a variant in the exons of the GCG gene sequence. The study also confirmed that both the large and small intestine are sites of GLP-1 secretion.
EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Allison J. Stewart, Joanne L. Ireland, Andy E. Durham, Catherine M. Mcgowan
Summary: Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) is common in aged horses. Diagnosis is crucial and involves considering clinical factors and using diagnostic tests such as basal ACTH concentration and thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test. Treatment is lifelong and accurate diagnosis is essential.
VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
M. A. de Laat, M. N. Sillence
Summary: Blood glucose concentration during an oral glucose test is aligned with equine metabolic syndrome or PPID, but cannot be used as stand-alone diagnostic markers of ID or PPID.
VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Joanne Ireland, Catherine Mcgowan
Summary: Reference intervals (RIs) and clinical decision limits (CDLs) are commonly used in the interpretation of endocrine biomarkers for disease diagnosis. RIs compare a test result with a healthy population to determine the individual's health status, while CDLs compare a test result with a population associated with a specific disease state or increased risk of adverse outcomes. Additionally, considering a range of uncertain test results, known as the 'grey zone', avoids the limitation of binary decision-making.
VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Melody A. de Laat, Danielle M. Fitzgerald, Patricia A. Harris, Simon R. Bailey
Summary: The study aimed to determine whether blocking the GLP-1 receptor reduces the insulin response to a high glycemic meal. The results showed that using a GLP-1 receptor blocking peptide can partially reduce insulin production in response to a high starch, high glycemic index diet in ponies. The study confirmed the role of GLP-1 in excessive insulin production in ponies with insulin dysregulation and suggested that elevated levels of this incretin might be involved in the increased risk of laminitis.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Pathology
Teruaki Hirota, Kayoko Yonemaru, Mitsunobu Hattori, Mami Murakami, Hiroki Sakai, Akihiro Hirata
Summary: An 11-year-old female Persian cat underwent ovariohysterectomy due to dilation of the uterine cavity with irregular thickening of the wall. The pathological examination revealed multiple nodules originating from the endometrium, invading the myometrium and subserosa, and immunohistochemical staining confirmed the diagnosis of endometrial stromal sarcoma.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY
(2024)