Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Yashveer Chohan, Emily A. Eitzman, Wayne D. Hawkins, Daniel J. Klionsky
Summary: A recent study has found that the recruitment of Egfr to synapses suppresses autophagic degradation of presynaptic proteins, which is necessary for proper neuronal circuit development. Inactivation of Egfr during late development leads to increased levels of autophagy in the brain and decreased neuronal circuit development. The presence of brp in the synapse is critical for proper neuronal functioning, and increased autophagy due to Egfr inactivation results in decreased brp levels and reduced neuronal connectivity.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Uihoon Jung, Miseong Kim, Jaewon Jang, Jin-Hyuk Bae, In Man Kang, Sin-Hyung Lee
Summary: In this study, flexible neuromorphic systems for complex computations are implemented using organic memristors with bio-mimetic synaptic weights. The cluster-structured filaments achieved by optimizing the polymer conductivity lead to continuous memory states. The systems showed stable computing performances including ternary logic operators and noisy image recognition systems.
Article
Neurosciences
Xiaoqiang Mo, Mengxue Liu, Jihong Gong, Ying Mei, Huidan Chen, Huajun Mo, Xiaofei Yang, Jun Li
Summary: Zinc is essential for normal brain development and physiology, and it regulates synapse formation and transmission. PTPRM gene is identified as a key gene involved in zinc-regulated synapse formation.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Weiping Wang, Chang He, Zhen Wang, Alexander Hramov, Denggui Fan, Manman Yuan, Xiong Luo, Juergen Kurths
Summary: This study proposes a three-layer neural network model with multiple associative memory abilities to investigate the pathogenesis of degeneration of associative memory caused by synaptic loss and compensation. By setting different degrees of loss and compensation, feasible treatment approaches can be explored. The simulation results indicate that the model can describe associative memory abilities at different stages of AD, which is significant for healthcare professionals to determine disease stage and develop effective treatment strategies.
APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION
(2021)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Nirmala Padmanabhan, Tabrez J. Siddiqui
Summary: The study reveals the crucial role of JAK2-STAT1 signaling in inactive synapses, providing insights into the mechanisms of activity-dependent loss of inactive connections in neuronal networks.
Article
Biology
Kyle Aitken, Stefan Mihalas
Summary: This study investigates a network called the multi-plasticity network (MPN) that relies solely on synapse modulation during inference to process task-relevant information. The results show that the MPN outperforms recurrent neural networks (RNNs) on neuroscience-relevant tests and its computational capabilities in synaptic modulation are comparable to networks with recurrent connections.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Matthew J. Sticco, Perla A. Pena Palomino, David Lukacsovich, Brianna L. Thompson, Csaba Foeldy, Susanne Ressl, David C. Martinelli
Summary: Synapses are the key structures through which neurons communicate, regulated by a variety of proteins. C1QL proteins, part of the C1q superfamily, act as synaptic organizers involved in crucial neuronal processes. The study shows that C1QL3 mediates a novel cell-cell adhesion complex involving ADGRB3 and two neuronal pentraxins, suggesting the formation of a new trans-synaptic adhesion complex.
Article
Cell Biology
Julia Solana-Balaguer, Genis Campoy-Campos, Nuria Martin-Flores, Leticia Perez-Sisques, Laia Sitja-Roqueta, Melike Kucukerden, Ana Gamez-Valero, Albert Coll-Manzano, Eulalia Marti, Esther Perez-Navarro, Jordi Alberch, Jordi Soriano, Merce Masana, Cristina Malagelada
Summary: Extracellular vesicles, specifically neuron-derived EVs, play a crucial role in intercellular communication within the central nervous system. These EVs carry signaling molecules and exert a trophic effect on neurons, influencing synaptic events and promoting neuronal protection.
JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Yu Yang, Chuankui Yan
Summary: The study proposes a method based on compressive sensing and special data processing for reconstructing synaptic connections between neurons. This approach adapts to the asymmetry and diversity of neural connections and also neural node classification in terms of excitability and inhibition. The study also discusses the impact of factors on synaptic connection identification performance and the importance of controlling the order of Taylor expansion for improving performance.
COGNITIVE NEURODYNAMICS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Nina Wittenmayer, Andonia Petkova-Tuffy, Maximilian Borgmeyer, Chungku Lee, Juergen Becker, Andreas Boening, Sebastian Kuegler, Jeongseop Rhee, Julio S. Viotti, Thomas Dresbach
Summary: The synaptic scaffolding protein S-SCAM plays a critical role in synapse formation during the development of neural circuits. Reduction of S-SCAM protein levels leads to impaired synaptic transmission and the failure of synapse formation.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Zhao Yao, Kehui Sun, Shaobo He
Summary: This paper provides a detailed explanation of the importance of synaptic plasticity in understanding memory formation and its changes with aging and diseases. It establishes the relationship between synaptic plasticity and memory formation by demonstrating that a chemical synapse exhibits similar characteristics to a memristor and the memory line is determined by the nonlinear relation between the transmitter concentration and the presynaptic potential. It also explores the link between plasticity and memory through the necessity, saturation, and erasure or inaccessible states of synaptic plasticity.
NONLINEAR DYNAMICS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Bassem A. Hassan, P. Robin Hiesinger
Summary: A recent study on Drosophila revealed two different mechanisms of autophagy in regulating synapse formation in two different types of neurons during brain development. In photoreceptor neurons, autophagosome formation in synaptogenic filopodia destabilizes presumptive synaptic contacts to prevent incorrect synaptic partnerships. In dorsal cluster neurons, autophagy is suppressed to maintain stable synapses during axonal branching. These findings suggest that different neuron types may require either activation or suppression of synaptic autophagy to ensure proper synapse formation and brain connectivity during the same developmental period.
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Rui Li, Bang-Lin Xu, De-Bao Chen, Jian-Fang Zhou, Wu-Jie Yuan
Summary: Experimental evidence suggests that the net synaptic strength of a nervous system increases during wakefulness. Using a model of coupled neurons, researchers studied transitions to synchronization induced by synaptic increasing. They found that the transition process consists of six stages and is influenced by the network coupling matrix. The results have implications for sleep deprivation and future research.
CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Ying Xie, Zhao Yao, Jun Ma
Summary: The static distribution of ions within cells can affect the spatial distribution of electric fields, while the diffusion and propagation of ions can result in channel currents accompanied by magnetic fields. The energy within cells and neurons can be altered by external stimuli or shape deformation. Energy pumping and adaptive synaptic connections maintain energy balance in clustered networks. Heterogeneity arises in synchronous and homogeneous networks due to asymmetric energy transport, and adaptive synaptic regulation occurs to achieve local energy balance. External stimuli of varying intensity induce energy diversity and shape deformation, leading to the development of local heterogeneity.
SCIENCE CHINA-TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Yan Yan, Ailikemu Aierken, Chunjian Wang, Da Song, Junjun Ni, Zhe Wang, Zhenzhen Quan, Hong Qing
Summary: Olfactory dysfunction may serve as a potential biomarker of preclinical AD, but the precise regulatory mechanism of its impact on AD neuropathogenesis remains unclear. Impairment of neural networks in the olfaction system is closely associated with AD, particularly in the olfactory bulb and piriform cortex. This review explores the mechanism of olfactory dysfunction in preclinical AD by studying aberrant oscillations and synaptic plasticity damages, providing insight into the underlying mechanism of olfactory neural network damages related to AD.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2022)