Article
Physics, Applied
Delin Kong, Ping Zhu, Feng He, Ruoyu Han, Bingyan Yang, Manyu Wang, Jiting Ouyang
Summary: The experimental and numerical results demonstrated that the introduction of N-2 and O-2 admixture significantly affects the length and propagation velocity of a helium atmospheric-pressure plasma jet. The changes in electron density outside the grounded electrode are related to the modifications in jet length.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lea Miebach, Eric Freund, Ramona Clemen, Klaus-Dieter Weltmann, Hans-Robert Metelmann, Thomas von Woedtke, Torsten Gerling, Kristian Wende, Sander Bekeschus
Summary: Gas plasma jet technology has been found to have potential in palliative treatment for cancer patients. Direct contact with tumor tissue showed higher therapeutic efficacy compared to remote treatment with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The study emphasizes the importance of standardized treatment distances in gas plasma exposure to cancer therapy.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Gengliang Liu, Fukun Shi, Qun Wang, Zhiqiang Zhang, Jinsong Guo, Jie Zhuang
Summary: This study investigated the penetration effect of the kINPen plasma jet using a novel 3D agar-entrapped bacteria model. The results showed that the kINPen had a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on bacterial growth in the 3D model, and this effect was closely related to the long-lived active species produced by the plasma jet. Short-lived reactive species, electric fields, UV light, and electrons were also found to play a significant role in bacteria inactivation. The 3D agar-entrapped bacteria model was shown to be a more objective and sensitive tool for evaluating the penetration effect of the kINPen compared to the potassium iodide-starch model.
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jacob Manzi, Ariel E. E. Weltner, Tony Varghese, Nicholas McKibben, Mia Busuladzic-Begic, David Estrada, Harish Subbaraman
Summary: This paper demonstrates the use of plasma-jet printing (PJP) to deposit thermoelectric nanoflakes onto flexible substrates at room temperature, with substantial improvements in material adhesion and flexibility observed. The printed films exhibit electrical conductivity of 2.5 x 10(3) S m(-1) and a power factor of 70 mu W m(-1) K-2 at room temperature. This advancement in plasma jet printing promotes not only the development of energy harvesting but also large-scale flexible electronics and sensors for space and commercial applications.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wenjia Zhou, Rui Xu, Haobo Wu, Xianyuan Jiang, Hao Wang, F. Pelayo Garcia de Arquer, Zhijun Ning
Summary: In this study, we developed a QD monolithic multijunction cascade photodetector with high gain and high response speed by controlling the bandgap and electrostatic surface of QDs. The detector achieved high sensitivity to infrared light up to 1500 nm wavelength, with a specific detectivity of 3.7 x 10^12 Jones, a 3 dB bandwidth of 300 kHz (0.05 cm^2 device), and a gain of approximately 70x at 1300 nm. Compared to standard photodiode devices, the QD photodetector exhibited a significantly higher gain-bandwidth product over 20 MHz.
Article
Optics
Hedwig Knoetig, Josephine Nauschuetz, Nikola Opacak, Sven Hoefling, Johannes Koeth, Robert Weih, Benedikt Schwarz
Summary: Through simulation and experimental research, a solution to overcome the performance limitations of interband cascade lasers has been identified, with resonant absorption playing a key role in improving the laser's characteristics. The study paves the way towards high-performance continuous-wave operation at wavelengths above 6 μm.
LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Atif H. Asghar, Ahmed Rida Galaly
Summary: Different behavior was observed for dry argon and wet argon discharges with varying oxygen content. As the flow rate of dry argon decreased, the temperature noticeably decreased along the axis, while wet argon exhibited lower temperature compared to dry argon. The study also investigated optical emission spectra and irradiance dose rate for plasma jet discharges, aiming to meet ICNIRP exposure limits for skin disinfection without harmful effects.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pourya Seyfi, Maryam Keshavarzi, Saeed Zahedi, Ahmad Khademi, Hamid Ghomi
Summary: This study presents the design, performance, and characteristics of a low-temperature argon plasma jet with cascading electrode technique (APJCE). The APJCE is designed based on a tip-ring structure with a cascading ring, and it can generate a cold plasma. By measuring the electrical and thermal parameters, the study verifies that the generated plasma jet is indeed in the cold plasma regime.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Nazli Turan, Mortaza Saeidi-Javash, Jiahao Chen, Minxiang Zeng, Yanliang Zhang, David B. Go
Summary: The passage discusses the application of atmospheric pressure nonthermal plasmas in sintering printed films, demonstrating the surface modifications achieved through nonthermal plasmas under ambient conditions. These results offer a new direction for future electronic device manufacturing, showcasing the potential of utilizing nonthermal plasmas for additive manufacturing on flexible and low-melting-point materials.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Laurent Invernizzi, Nader Sadeghi, Florent P. Sainct, Philippe Guillot
Summary: This work investigates the spatial variations of the helium He(2(3)S(1)) metastable atom densities in a plasma jet at atmospheric pressure. The radial profiles of He(2(3)S(1)) density along the plasma jet are deduced under different conditions. The influence of outlet tube diameter, gas flow rate, and electric field on the density distribution of the plasma jet is analyzed.
PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jia-Shiuan Tsai, Jian-Zhang Chen
Summary: This study investigated the impact of oxygen impurity on the inlet gas in a nitrogen atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ). A numerical model was developed to simulate the nitrogen APPJ considering fluid dynamics, heat transfer, mass transfer, diffusion, and chemical reactions. Experimental tests were conducted to verify the plasma temperature characteristics on the treated surface. The findings revealed that the plasma temperature decreased with increasing oxygen impurity, affecting the excited and neutral species composition.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zhitong Chen, Richard Obenchain, Richard E. Wirz
Summary: Researchers developed a single-electrode tiny plasma jet for clinical biomedical applications, studying the effect of voltage input and flow rate on the jet length and physical parameters. Interactions between the tiny plasma jet and different subjects showed an increase in ROS/RNS intensity as the distance decreased. These findings suggest the potential use of the tiny plasma jet device in clinical biomedical applications.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Keita Shimada, Ryuki Morita, Masayoshi Mizutani, Tsunemoto Kuriyagawa
Summary: Powder jet deposition (PJD) is a spray coating method that can be done under atmospheric pressure and room temperature. By applying an atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (APPJ) assistance, the deposition rate of PJD can be increased.
PRECISION ENGINEERING-JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETIES FOR PRECISION ENGINEERING AND NANOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
J. Liu, L. Nie, Y. Xian, X. Lu
Summary: The study found that adding a small amount of nitrogen or oxygen to argon can make the plasma channel smooth, while the rotational frequency of the electrode does not affect the appearance of the plasma channel. Optical emission spectra show that adding O-2/N-2 reduces the emission intensity of transitions from excited argon levels to metastable states, leading to a transition of the discharge channel's nature.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yi-Ming Huang, Wei-Chih Chang, Chuan-Liang Hsu
Summary: The study found that atmospheric pressure plasma jet could effectively inactivate human norovirus on salmon sashimi while maintaining the quality. Nitrogen plasma treatment for 12 minutes reduced the viral load to acceptable levels, while air or oxygen plasma treatment for 9-12 minutes could reduce the viral load to undetectable levels.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Maksudbek Yusupov, Debbie Dewaele, Pankaj Attri, Umedjon Khalilov, Frank Sobott, Annemie Bogaerts
Summary: This study unravels the possible mechanisms of oligosaccharide oxidation induced by cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), providing atomic-level insight into the onset of plasma-induced removal of biofilms.
PLASMA PROCESSES AND POLYMERS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hamid Ahmadi Eshtehardi, Kevin Van 't Veer, Marie-Paule Delplancke, Francois Reniers, Annemie Bogaerts
Summary: This study develops a 1D heterogeneous catalysis model with axial dispersion to investigate the mechanisms of plasma-catalytic NO production. It also examines how changes in postplasma gas flow composition and catalytic stage operation conditions affect the performance of NO production.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ivan Tsonev, Colin O'Modhrain, Annemie Bogaerts, Yury Gorbanev
Summary: Plasma-based nitrogen fixation is a promising alternative for fertilizer production, but factors like energy consumption and selectivity towards desired products hinder its applicability. This study investigated the use of rotating gliding arc plasma under elevated pressures, different gas flow rates, and composition, showing a significant increase in NOx production with low energy consumption (1.8 MJ/(mol N)), high production rate (69 g/h), and high selectivity (94%). This improvement is attributed to the enhanced thermal Zeldovich mechanism and increased NO oxidation rate due to elevated pressure.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Eduardo Morais, Evangelos Delikonstantis, Marco Scapinello, Gregory Smith, Georgios D. Stefanidis, Annemie Bogaerts
Summary: We propose a zero-dimensional kinetic model to study the gas-phase dynamics of methane conversion in a nanosecond pulsed discharge plasma reactor. The model accurately captures the rapid changes in electric field, gas and electron temperature, and species densities. By validating against experimental data, we investigate the effects of gas temperature and reactor pressure on gas conversion and product selectivity. Furthermore, we analyze the important reaction pathways and the dynamics of the heating and cooling mechanisms. H radicals are identified as the most abundant plasma species, participating in hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions that mainly lead to the formation of C2H4 and C2H2 as products (depending on the pressure).
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Sean Watson, Cedric Pattyn, Mansoureh Mohseni Garakani, Abdellah Ajji, Stephan Reuter, Michael R. Wertheimer
Summary: This study is the first to investigate the aging of two different rough surface structures, electrospun nanofibrous mats and flat films, for three biotechnologically relevant polymers. Two different plasma treatments were applied and the time-dependent surface compositions and water contact angles were analyzed. The results showed that these properties reached asymptotic values after approximately 30 days of storage, consistent with previous findings. Additionally, the time-dependent behaviors of the contact angles for the two types of samples were compared using Wenzel and Cassie-Baxter models, including possible transitions and their interpretation.
PLASMA PROCESSES AND POLYMERS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Patrick Vanraes, Syam Parayil Venugopalan, Matthieu Besemer, Annemie Bogaerts
Summary: Various strategies have been developed to cope with aspect ratio dependent etching (ARDE) in chip manufacturing, but they have their own limitations. In this study, we investigated the neutral transport mechanisms in ARDE by conducting experiments and simulations. Our findings suggest that the underlying mechanisms of ARDE involve shadowing and diffuse reflection of neutrals. We also explored different methods to regulate ARDE, with promising results obtained by adjusting the initial hardmask sidewall angle.
PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Elise Vervloessem, Mikhail Gromov, Nathalie De Geyter, Annemie Bogaerts, Yury Gorbanev, Anton Nikiforov
Summary: The current global energy crisis emphasizes the importance of understanding nonfossil fuel nitrogen fixation pathways for synthetic fertilizer production. This study investigates NH3 gas phase formation from humid N2 and air, demonstrating that adding water vapor increases nitrogen fixation capacity. However, a significant loss mechanism was identified, where HNO2 reacts with NH3 to form NH4NO2, which rapidly decomposes. Approaches to prevent this loss mechanism are discussed, such as in-line removal of HNO2 or direct solvation in liquid.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Rani Vertongen, Annemie Bogaerts
Summary: In this study, we evaluated new electrode configurations in a gliding arc plasmatron (GAP) reactor for CO2 conversion. The reactor design had limited influence on performance, with only slightly higher CO2 conversion compared to the basic GAP reactor design. Surprisingly, we found that different plasma reactors operating at atmospheric pressure showed similar performance, indicating potential performance limits. Further improvements should focus on aspects such as the post-plasma region to maximize the industrial potential of warm plasma technology.
JOURNAL OF CO2 UTILIZATION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jinxin Wang, Kaimin Zhang, Myrjam Mertens, Annemie Bogaerts, Vera Meynen
Summary: This study provides new insights into the effect of (sub)micrometer particle sized materials on plasma-based CO2CH4 reforming. SiO2 spheres with varying particle sizes, including supported metal, were used. The optimal performance was achieved using 740 nm 5 wt% Ni loaded SiO2, significantly improving CO2 and CH4 conversion and energy yield in a fully packed reactor. These findings highlight the importance of selecting a suitable particle size and can guide the rational design of catalysts for plasma-based reactions.
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Bart Wanten, Rani Vertongen, Robin De Meyer, Annemie Bogaerts
Summary: This critical review provides a comprehensive guideline for authors in the field of plasma-based CO2 conversion, addressing the inconsistent reporting of performance metrics and providing correct definitions for gas conversion in plasma reactors. The paper discusses the importance of considering the change in volumetric flow rate and highlights inconsistencies in reporting energy efficiency. The authors also provide recommendations and good practices to stimulate the further development of this technology.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sean Kelly, Elizabeth Mercer, Robin De Meyer, Radu-George Ciocarlan, Sara Bals, Annemie Bogaerts
Summary: We investigated the conversion of CO2 and CH4 in atmospheric pressure microwave plasma, focusing on reaction performance and carbon formation. The energy costs were promising, with the best performance to date for plasma-based dry reforming of methane. The conversion rates for CO2 and CH4 were in the range of 46-49% and 55-67% respectively, producing primarily syngas with H2/CO ratios of 0.6-1.
JOURNAL OF CO2 UTILIZATION
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maryam Ghasemitarei, Tayebeh Ghorbi, Maksudbek Yusupov, Yuantao Zhang, Tong Zhao, Parisa Shali, Annemie Bogaerts
Summary: Plasma medicine, or the biomedical application of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), has shown versatile applications in various biological aspects. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) generated during CAP treatment play a crucial role in the therapeutic effects. Non-reactive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations provide valuable insights into the effects of CAP and nitro-oxidative stress on cellular components.
Article
Materials Science, Biomaterials
Francesco Tampieri, Albert Espona-Noguera, Cedric Labay, Maria-Pau Ginebra, Maksudbek Yusupov, Annemie Bogaerts, Cristina Canal
Summary: Non-thermal plasma has been extensively studied for biomedical applications, including tissue decontamination, regeneration, skin treatment, and tumor therapies. Plasma treatment of biopolymer solutions can enhance the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, making them ideal for indirect treatments of biological targets. The effects of plasma treatment on alginate solutions and the mechanisms responsible for enhanced reactive species generation were investigated using size exclusion chromatography, rheology, scanning electron microscopy, chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, and molecular dynamics simulations. The active role of biopolymer chemistry during plasma treatment was highlighted, demonstrating its potential for targeted therapies using biocompatible hydrogels as vehicles for storing and delivering reactive species.
BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Optics
Farah Aljammal, Gwenael Gaborit, Sylvain Iseni, Maxime Bernier, Guillaume Chevrier-Gros, Lionel Duvillaret
Summary: This paper focuses on the characterization of electric field associated with guided ionization waves using an electro-optic probe. The capabilities of this technique are investigated with and without discharge. A case study of interaction between ionization waves and the electro-optic probe is also presented.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Omar Biondo, Cas F. A. M. Van Deursen, Ashley Hughes, Alex van de Steeg, Waldo Bongers, M. C. M. van de Sanden, Gerard van Rooij, Annemie Bogaerts
Summary: This study utilizes a microwave plasma in reverse vortex flow configuration to address the issue of solid carbon deposition in CO2/CH4 plasmas, achieving high reactor performance. The research demonstrates that by changing the gas flow configuration, greenhouse gases can be converted into value-added compounds without solid carbon, making significant strides in green chemistry.