Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kenichi Nishie, Tomomi Nishie, Seiichi Sato, Masayuki Hanaoka
Summary: Cancer cachexia is a complex syndrome involving functional impairment and body composition changes that cannot be reversed by nutritional support. It decreases skeletal muscle mass, increases lipolysis, and reduces food intake. As no effective interventions are currently available, it remains an unmet need in cancer treatment. However, recent discoveries and treatments, along with published guidelines, provide hope for developing effective strategies to diagnose and treat cancer cachexia, which could lead to breakthroughs in cancer treatment.
DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Louisa Tichy, Traci L. Parry
Summary: Cancer-induced cardiac cachexia is a major cause of death in cancer patients, characterized by severe cardiac muscle wasting and dysfunction. The exact molecular mechanisms are not fully understood, but researchers have identified different stages of progression and potential biomarkers for detection and monitoring. Current treatment options are limited and there is a need for further research to develop effective interventions.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Anjana Thampy, Meena Kumari Palani Kumar, Muthukumar Serva Peddha, Madhavi Reddy
Summary: Whey, a natural source, has attracted extensive attention in recent years for its applications to health benefits, particularly in cancer research. It contains valuable components that contribute to proper nutrition and can complement cancer treatment. However, further human studies are needed to establish its effectiveness in different tumor entities.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Gabriela S. de Castro, Joanna Correia-Lima, Estefania Simoes, Camila E. Orsso, Jingjie Xiao, Leonardo R. Gama, Silvio P. Gomes, Daniela Caetano Goncalves, Raquel G. F. Costa, Katrin Radloff, Ulrike Lenz, Anna E. Taranko, Fang Chia Bin, Fernanda B. Formiga, Louisie G. L. de Godoy, Rafael P. de Souza, Luis H. A. Nucci, Mario Feitoza, Claudio C. de Castro, Flavio Tokeshi, Paulo S. M. Alcantara, Jose P. Otoch, Alexandre F. Ramos, Alessandro Laviano, Dario Coletti, Vera C. Mazurak, Carla M. Prado, Marilia Seelaender
Summary: This study found that the content of myokines in skeletal muscle, plasma, and tumors is impacted by cachexia, with decreased FSTL-1 expression in skeletal muscle and increased levels of FABP3, IL-15, and irisin found in cachectic patients. Additionally, indices of lumbar adipose tissue and muscularity were lower in cachexia patients.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Concetta Panebianco, Annacandida Villani, Adele Potenza, Enrica Favaro, Concetta Finocchiaro, Francesco Perri, Valerio Pazienza
Summary: Cancer cachexia is a complex syndrome characterized by weight loss, anorexia, inflammation, and metabolic alterations, which negatively impact cancer patients. Studies have shown a link between gut microbiota and cancer cachexia, suggesting a role for dysbiosis in its pathogenesis. Different manipulation tools of gut microbiota have shown promising improvements in cachexia outcomes, paving the way for future research and clinical interventions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yujie Zhang, Yuxin Zhang, Yichen Li, Li Zhang, Shiying Yu
Summary: Alpinetin (Alp) has shown potential therapeutic effects against cancer cachexia by attenuating muscle atrophy, reducing tissue wasting, and activating PPAR gamma signaling pathway.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Hailun Xie, Guotian Ruan, Lishuang Wei, Heyang Zhang, Yizhong Ge, Qi Zhang, Shiqi Lin, Mengmeng Song, Xi Zhang, Xiaoyue Liu, Xiangrui Li, Kangping Zhang, Ming Yang, Meng Tang, Chun-Hua Song, Jialiang Gan, Han-Ping Shi
Summary: The hand grip strength-based cancer cachexia index (H-CXI) is a simple and practical predictor for cancer cachexia and prognosis in patients with cancer.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Leila S. Otten, Berber Piet, Demy van den Haak, Robert D. Schouten, Milou Schuurbiers, Sushil K. Badrising, Emmy Boerrigter, Sjaak A. Burgers, Rob ter Heine, Michel M. van den Heuvel
Summary: This study investigates the prognostic potential of nivolumab clearance for overall survival in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer patients. The results suggest that nivolumab clearance is indicative of patient survival and could serve as a prognostic biomarker. However, further research is needed to improve its accuracy and reliability.
CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Vickie E. Baracos, Andrew J. Coats, Stefan D. Anker, Lawrence Sherman, Tatiana Klompenhouwer
Summary: This international assessment highlights the challenges healthcare professionals face in identifying and managing cancer-related cachexia, as well as opportunities for interventions to improve patient outcomes and areas of variance in care that would benefit from further analysis.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Xin Li, Lidong Du, Qiang Liu, Zhong Lu
Summary: This review discusses the role of miRNAs in the progression of cancer cachexia, as well as their diagnostic and potential therapeutic value.
EXPERIMENTAL AND THERAPEUTIC MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Tania Setiawan, Ita Novita Sari, Yoseph Toni Wijaya, Nadya Marcelina Julianto, Jabir Aliyu Muhammad, Hyeok Lee, Ji Heon Chae, Hyog Young Kwon
Summary: Muscle wasting is the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, which can be caused by physiological changes or various diseases. Cancer cachexia is a syndrome characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass, leading to functional impairment and reduced quality of life. It is caused by inflammation and an increase in muscle breakdown. This article summarizes the molecular networks that regulate muscle mass, discusses the multi-organ roles in cancer cachexia, and explores potential therapeutic approaches, as there are currently no approved drugs for this condition.
JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Thomas M. O'Connell, Lilian Golzarri-Arroyo, Fabrizio Pin, Rafael Barreto, Stephanie L. Dickinson, Marion E. Couch, Andrea Bonetto
Summary: The search for early biomarkers of cancer cachexia is crucial, with amino acids and lipoproteins identified as the earliest significant changes. Metabolic alterations appear before weight loss, providing a new avenue for early detection in clinical settings.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Olga Laura Sena Almeida, Eduardo Ferriolli, Roberta Cristina Cintra Taveira, Meire Gallo Rosenburg, Daniela Dalpubel Campanari, Natalia Maira da Cruz Alves, Karina Pfrimer, Liane Rapatoni, Fernanda Maris Peria, Nereida K. C. Lima
Summary: This study compared the effectiveness of mirtazapine and megestrol in managing cancer-related anorexia-cachexia syndrome. It was a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial involving patients with advanced cancer and anorexia-cachexia syndrome. Participants received either mirtazapine 30 mg/day or megestrol 320 mg/day for eight weeks. The results showed that megestrol was more effective in promoting weight gain and improving appetite compared to mirtazapine. However, there may be a difference in the therapeutic response between sexes.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhipeng Cao, Kening Zhao, Irvin Jose, Nick J. Hoogenraad, Laura D. Osellame
Summary: Cancer cachexia is common in cancer patients, limiting treatment options due to decreased tolerance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Current diagnostic criteria based on weight loss and muscle function may be limiting and late for treatment. Biomarkers could supplement current diagnostic criteria and assess potential treatments.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Dominika Mekal, Jacek Sobocki, Anna Badowska-Kozakiewicz, Katarzyna Sygit, Elzbieta Cipora, Ewa Bandurska, Aleksandra Czerw, Andrzej Deptala
Summary: Malnutrition, cachexia, and sarcopenia are common problems in pancreatic cancer patients and are associated with increased toxicity, shorter survival, and reduced quality of life. Early diagnosis of nutritional problems is crucial for proper management in pancreatic cancer patients. It is important for healthcare professionals and patients to understand the significance of nutritional status and its impact on clinical outcomes and quality of life.
