Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Shawn Hsu, Katherine J. Rosen, AnaPaula Cupertino, Larissa Temple, Fergal Fleming
Summary: The study found that many rectal cancer RCTs enrolled younger and predominantly male patients with more advanced cancer compared to the general rectal cancer population, showing significant demographic differences both among trials and in comparison to the continental rectal cancer populations. The underreporting of sociodemographic data limits equal participation in clinical trials.
JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Rebecca Svensson Neufert, Fredrik Jorgren, Pamela Buchwald
Summary: The study found no significant differences in terms of local recurrence, distant metastasis, and overall recurrence between the rectal washout group and the no rectal washout group in abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer. Additionally, rectal washout did not significantly affect the oncological outcome.
COLORECTAL DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Hagen F. Kennecke, Rebecca Auer, May Cho, N. Arvind Dasari, Cynthia Davies-Venn, Cathy Eng, Jennifer Dorth, Julio Garcia-Aguilar, Manju George, Karyn A. Goodman, Lillian Kreppel, Joshua E. Meyer, Jose Monzon, Leonard Saltz, Deborah Schrag, J. Joshua Smith, Jason A. Zell, Prajnan Das, Natl Canc Inst Rectal Anal Task Force
Summary: The optimal management of locally advanced rectal cancer is rapidly evolving. A task force convened by the National Cancer Institute developed consensus on the design of future clinical trials for rectal cancer based on iterative reviews and a Delphi analytical approach. The task force achieved consensus on various aspects, including the use of neoadjuvant therapy, the importance of patient involvement, the identification of patients likely to benefit from nonoperative management or minimally invasive surgery, the utility of circulating tumor DNA measurements, and the need for appropriate end points and data management.
JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Torhild Veen, Arezo Kanani, Dordi Lea, Kjetil Soreide
Summary: The role of neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in early-stage operable colorectal cancer (CRC) is still unclear. A scoping review identified 40 trials investigating neoadjuvant ICI in operable CRC, with heterogeneous trial designs and the need for harmonization.
CANCER IMMUNOLOGY IMMUNOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Bo Tang, Xiong Lei, Junhua Ai, Zhixiang Huang, Jun Shi, Taiyuan Li
Summary: Robotic surgery for rectal cancer was found to be comparable to laparoscopic surgery in terms of postoperative complications within 30 days, based on the results of this meta-analysis.
WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Surgery
B. Creavin, M. E. Kelly, E. J. Ryan, O. K. Ryan, D. C. Winter
Summary: A meta-analysis of 12 RCTs with 3744 patients showed that laparoscopic and open rectal cancer surgeries achieve similar oncological outcomes. Successful surgical procedures are associated with improved disease-free survival.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
J. Shortall, E. Vasquez Osorio, A. Cree, Y. Song, M. Dubec, R. Chuter, G. Price, A. McWilliam, K. Kirkby, R. Mackay, M. van Herk
Summary: Rectal gas in pelvic cancer patients is likely to remain stable over the course of an MRIgRT fraction, and also likely to reappear in the same location in multiple fractions, potentially resulting in clinically relevant over-dosage in the rectal wall. The over-dosage is reduced when accounting for gas in the daily adaption.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Hanna K. Sanoff
Summary: The cure rate for nonmetastatic rectal cancer has been improving over the years, with surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy being the routine treatment. Recent studies have shown that adding multiagent chemotherapy to radiation therapy before proctectomy can significantly increase the 3-year disease-free survival rate. However, this treatment approach also comes with severe long-term sequelae.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Wen Hui Lim, Darren Jun Hao Tan, Cheng Han Ng, Nicholas Syn, Bee Choo Tai, Tianyuan Gu, Jieling Xiao, Yip Han Chin, Zachariah Gene Wing Ow, Neng Wei Wong, Fung Joon Foo, Andrew C. Lynch, Brendan John Moran, Choon Seng Chong
Summary: This meta-analysis concludes that laparoscopic rectal cancer resection does not compromise long-term oncologic outcomes compared with open surgery, with potential survival benefits for a minimal access approach in patients with stage II and III rectal cancer.
Editorial Material
Infectious Diseases
Manuel W. Hetzel, Phyllis Awor, Antoinette Tshefu, Elizabeth Omoluabi, Christian Burri, Aita Signorell, Mark J. Lambiris, Theodoor Visser, Justin M. Cohen, Valentina Buj, Christian Lengeler
Summary: Pre-referral rectal artesunate treatment can save the lives of children with severe malaria, but the success is hindered by inadequate continuity of care. Improving the entire continuum of care is necessary for the implementation of pre-referral rectal artesunate.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Giulia Besutti, Angela Damato, Francesco Venturelli, Candida Bonelli, Massimo Vicentini, Filippo Monelli, Pamela Mancuso, Guido Ligabue, Pierpaolo Pattacini, Carmine Pinto, Paolo Giorgi Rossi
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of baseline liver steatosis and chemotherapy-induced liver damage on the development of synchronous or metachronous liver metastasis and overall survival in rectal cancer patients.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ritu Rathi, Sanshita, Alpesh Kumar, Vivekanand Vishvakarma, Kampanart Huanbutta, Inderbir Singh, Tanikan Sangnim
Summary: The rectal route is an effective method for delivering active pharmaceutical ingredients locally and systemically. This review discusses rectal physiology, diseases, pharmaceutical factors, and various drug delivery systems. Clinical trials and novel drug delivery carriers for rectal administration are presented, along with opportunities, challenges, advancements, and patented formulations for rectal drug delivery.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Min Kyu Kang
Summary: Over the past two decades, the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) has been neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. However, the introduction of total neoadjuvant treatment (TNT) and immunotherapy has shown promising results in increasing treatment response and survival rates for LARC patients. This study reviews recent clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of TNT and immunotherapy in LARC treatment to provide insight for future radiotherapy strategies.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Deborah Schrag, Qian Shi, Martin R. Weiser, Marc J. Gollub, Leonard B. Saltz, Benjamin L. Musher, Joel Goldberg, Tareq Al Baghdadi, Karyn A. Goodman, Robert R. McWilliams, Jeffrey M. Farma, Thomas J. George, Hagen F. Kennecke, Ardaman Shergill, Michael Montemurro, Garth D. Nelson, Brian Colgrove, Vallerie Gordon, Alan P. Venook, Eileen M. O'Reilly, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Amylou C. Dueck, Ethan Basch, George J. Chang, Harvey J. Mamon
Summary: Preoperative FOLFOX chemotherapy is as effective as preoperative chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer eligible for sphincter-sparing surgery.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Oncology
E. F. Giunta, G. Bregni, A. Pretta, A. Deleporte, G. Liberale, A. M. Bali, L. Moretti, T. Troiani, F. Ciardiello, A. Hendlisz, F. Sclafani
Summary: The results from two randomized phase III trials of total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) in locally advanced rectal cancer consistently show better outcomes compared to standard neoadjuvant treatments, providing support for the use of TNT in clinical practice. However, significant differences between these trials present challenges for generalizability and practical recommendations, highlighting the need for further investigation and research.
CANCER TREATMENT REVIEWS
(2021)
