Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Esmael Besufikad Belachew, Dareskedar Tsehay Sewasew
Summary: The estrogen receptor is crucial in the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, with endocrine resistance posing a challenge. Combining drugs that target different signaling pathways and coregulatory proteins with endocrine therapy may offer a novel therapeutic approach to combat endocrine resistance.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
William Sebastian, Lauren Forchette, Kelsey Donoughe, Yibei Lun, Anisha Verma, Tuoen Liu
Summary: In this review paper, various important aspects of hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer were discussed, including HR structure and signaling, genetics (epigenetics and gene mutations), gene expression-based assays, traditional and new drugs for treatment, and new technological uses in diagnosis and treatment. Particularly, the commonly mutated genes and abnormally methylated genes in HR-positive breast cancer were summarized, and the common gene expression-based assays used in breast cancer as prognostic and/or predictive tools were compared in detail. These topic discussions have not been fully described and summarized within other research or review articles.
Review
Cell Biology
Fiona H. Zhou, Teesha Downton, Allegra Freelander, Joshua Hurwitz, C. Elizabeth Caldon, Elgene Lim
Summary: CDK4/6 inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of ER+ breast cancer and are the standard first-line therapy. However, resistance to these inhibitors is a challenge and there is a need to understand the mechanisms of resistance to guide subsequent treatment decisions.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Amber J. Kiliti, Ghada M. Sharif, Mary Beth Martin, Anton Wellstein, Anna T. Riegel
Summary: Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) plays a crucial role in the initiation and progression of most breast cancers. It regulates gene transcription through recruitment of coregulators, including Amplified in Breast Cancer 1 (AIB1). AIB1, an oncogene overexpressed in some breast cancers, is involved in tumor progression and resistance to endocrine therapy. This review provides an overview of the normal and pathological functions of AIB1, its actions dependent and independent of ERα, as well as its genomic conservation and protein evolution. The efforts to target AIB1 in the treatment of breast cancer are also discussed.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Neil Portman, Julia Chen, Elgene Lim
Summary: This review explores the role of the p53/MDM2 axis in the treatment of ER+ breast cancer and the potential of targeting p53/MDM2 by inhibiting MDM2 in the setting of CDK4/6i resistance.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Veronique Debien, Evandro de Azambuja, Martine Piccart-Gebhart
Summary: Triple-positive breast tumors overexpress HER2 and are positive for HR expression. ER expression affects the response to anti-HER2 and associated systemic therapies. Optimizing dual anti-HER2 blockade is important for disease control in triple-positive tumors.
CANCER TREATMENT REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lea Clusan, Francois Ferriere, Gilles Flouriot, Farzad Pakdel
Summary: Breast cancer, the most common and deadliest cancer among women worldwide, is closely associated with estrogen signaling. Hormone therapy using antiestrogens is the standard treatment, but resistance inevitably occurs through various biological mechanisms. Understanding the estrogen pathway is crucial for the development of new therapies for hormone-dependent breast cancer. This mini-review summarizes the current literature on estrogen receptors in breast cancer, including their signalization, mechanisms of action, and clinical implications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Muriel Laine, Sean W. Fanning, Ya-Fang Chang, Bradley Green, Marianne E. Greene, Barry Komm, Justyna D. Kurleto, Linda Phung, Geoffrey L. Greene
Summary: Lasofoxifene in combination with CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib shows superior efficacy in inhibiting primary tumor growth and metastasis in breast cancer.
BREAST CANCER RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Shinsuke Sasada, Naoto Kondo, Hiroya Hashimoto, Yuko Takahashi, Kaori Terata, Kumiko Kida, Yasuaki Sagara, Takayuki Ueno, Keisei Anan, Akihiko Suto, Chizuko Kanbayashi, Mina Takahashi, Rikiya Nakamura, Toshiyuki Ishiba, Michiko Tsuneizumi, Seiichiro Nishimura, Yoichi Naito, Fumikata Hara, Tadahiko Shien, Hiroji Iwata
Summary: The prognosis for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative T1a/bN0M0 breast cancers is excellent, but the necessity of adjuvant endocrine therapy (ET) is uncertain.
BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT
(2023)
Article
Biology
Mengping Long, Chong You, Qianqian Song, Lina X. J. Hu, Zhaorong Guo, Qian Yao, Wei Hou, Wei Sun, Baosheng Liang, Xiao-Hua Zhou, Yiqiang Liu, Taobo Hu
Summary: Biomarker expression changes after neoadjuvant therapy in ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer were found to be prognostic. PR expression reductions were more frequent than ER expression reductions after neoadjuvant therapy, and the percentage of patients with a decreased Ki-67 index was similar in the three treatment groups. PR losses caused by NET were related to low baseline PR expression, and there was no significant association between PR losses and Ki-67 reductions or ER losses.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lea Clusan, Pascale Le Goff, Gilles Flouriot, Farzad Pakdel
Summary: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. While most ER-positive breast cancer cases initially respond to antiestrogen therapies, a high percentage develop resistance over time. Research on mutated forms of ER alpha has led to potential developments in new antiestrogen treatments.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Lubna N. Chaudhary, Julie M. Jorns, Yunguang Sun, Yee Chung Cheng, Sailaja Kamaraju, John Burfeind, Mary Beth Gonyo, Amanda L. Kong, Caitlin Patten, Tina Yen, Chandler S. Cortina, Ebony Carson, Nedra Johnson, Carmen Bergom, Shirng-Wern Tsaih, Anjishnu Banerjee, Yu Wang, Inna Chervoneva, Elizabeth Weil, Christopher R. Chitambar, Hallgeir Rui
Summary: This study observed the changes in HER1-4 protein expression after short-term neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET) in early-stage hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer patients. It was found that the upregulation rate of HER2 protein was 48.6%, while the downregulation rate of HER3 and HER4 proteins was 54.2%.
BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Christina Panagiotis Malainou, Nikolina Stachika, Aikaterini Konstantina Damianou, Aristotelis Anastopoulos, Ioanna Ploumaki, Efthymios Triantafyllou, Konstantinos Drougkas, Georgia Gomatou, Elias Kotteas
Summary: The expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) in breast cancer is a strong prognostic and predictive biomarker. However, there is a lack of clinical data regarding ER-low-positive breast cancer, especially in the metastatic setting. Including patients with ER-low-positive breast cancer in clinical trials may improve the understanding of this subtype and allow for the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
Article
Oncology
Fei Fei, Gene P. Siegal, Shi Wei
Summary: The study analyzed clinicopathologic features and clinical outcomes of ER-low-positive breast cancers. ER-low-positive tumors showed significantly better prognosis compared to ER-negative tumors, with overlapping survival outcomes with ER-positive tumors in the entire cohort.
BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cristina Ferreira Almeida, Natercia Teixeira, Ana Oliveira, Tiago Augusto, Georgina Correia-da-Silva, Maria Joao Ramos, Pedro Alexandrino Fernandes, Cristina Amaral
Summary: Breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide, with a need for the development of novel therapies for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Multi-target compounds have emerged as promising therapeutic strategies for this subtype of breast cancer due to their ability to modulate several important targets simultaneously.