Journal
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY
Volume 47, Issue 4, Pages 308-313Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/MCG.0b013e31827874e3
Keywords
celiac disease; small intestine; biomarkers; autoimmunity
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Funding
- Spanish Ministry of Health [FIS PI06/0465, PS09/00253]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [23659161] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder, which damages the small intestine and is caused by ingestion of gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. The only known effective treatment is a lifelong gluten-free diet. Genetic risk factors have been identified and nearly all patients are HLA-DQ2 and/or HLA-DQ8 positive. Specific autoantibodies, IgA antitissue transglutaminase2, antiendomysium, and antideaminated forms of gliadin peptide antibodies, are widely used as diagnostic aids in celiac patients. However, the discovery of new biomarkers may help in the diagnosis and follow-up of the disease. Recently, the molecule REG I alpha, involved in tissue regeneration, has been proposed as a new biomarker of CD. REG Ia expression is increased in the target tissue and in the sera of celiac patients during damage and inflammation, decreasing after gluten-free diet. In this article we review the main biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring of CD, focusing on the immune response-related mechanisms.
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