Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Faxuan Wang, Binxia Wang, Xiyuan Chen, Wanlu Liu, Guoqi Wang, Xiaoxia Li, Xiuying Liu, Nan Li, Jiaxing Zhang, Ting Yin, Jinyun Jing, Xiaoyu Chang, Yanan Jin, Yuhong Zhang, Yi Zhao
Summary: The study investigated the relationship between 24-hour urinary BCAAs and AAAs excretion rate and blood pressure in elderly patients with hypertension. The findings revealed certain amino acids were negatively associated with blood pressure, while others were positively associated with blood pressure.
DIABETES METABOLIC SYNDROME AND OBESITY-TARGETS AND THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Optics
Ryan Griffiths, James Osborn, Ollie Farley, Tim Butterley, Matthew J. Townson, Richard Wilson
Summary: We present the first fully continuous, 24-hour vertical monitoring of atmospheric optical turbulence using the 24-hour Shack-Hartmann Image Motion Monitor (24hSHIMM). Optical turbulence poses limitations for applications like free-space optical communications and ground-based optical astronomy. The 24hSHIMM estimates key parameters of vertical optical turbulence and demonstrates its capabilities through a 36-hour continuous demonstration. Its portability and ability to operate in stronger turbulence make it suitable for urban locations, providing a versatile turbulence monitor for a wide range of applications.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jinyuan Zhang, Kyunghun Kim, Ho Joong Kim, Dawn Meyer, Woohyun Park, Seul Ah Lee, Yumin Dai, Bongjoong Kim, Haesoo Moon, Jay Shah, Keely E. Harris, Brett Collar, Kangying Liu, Pedro Irazoqui, Hyowon Lee, Shin Ae Park, Pete S. Kollbaum, Bryan W. Boudouris, Chi Hwan Lee
Summary: The authors develop smart soft contact lenses for continuous 24-hour monitoring of intraocular pressure in human eyes, even during sleep. Comprehensive in vivo evaluations confirm the superior measurement accuracy, repeatability, and user comfort of the smart soft contact lenses compared to current wearable ocular tonometers.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Emmanuel Broni, Whelton A. A. Miller III
Summary: Understanding the patterns and rate of mutations in SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for developing effective treatments and vaccines. Analysis of amino acid composition has revealed differences among different variants, with leucine being the most abundant and tryptophan the least abundant. This information can be used to predict protein structure and anticipate future mutations.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Vladimir V. Sharoyko, Sergei Ageev, Nikita E. Podolsky, Andrey Petrov, Elena Litasova, Timur D. Vlasov, Lubov V. Vasina, Igor Murin, Levon B. Piotrovskiy, Konstantin N. Semenov
Summary: The review discusses the potential applications of fullerenes and their functionalized adducts in the fields of nanomedicine and nanoengineering, providing insights for specialists in the field.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2021)
Article
Transplantation
Pietro Manuel Ferraro, Fernando Lopez, Michele Petrarulo, Silvia Barbarini, Gary C. Curhan, Martino Marangella, Eric N. Taylor
Summary: One limitation of using 24-hour collection in patients with kidney stones is impracticality. This study analyzed the performance of spot urine measurements to estimate 24-hour excretion in these patients. The results showed that spot urine samples have limited utility in clinical practice, and future studies should focus on measuring or estimating 24-hour creatinine excretion.
NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Baolin Ge, Chunyu Hou, Bin Bao, Zhilin Pan, Jose Eduardo Mate Sanchez de Val, Jeevithan Elango, Wenhui Wu
Summary: Collagen extracted from blacktip reef shark skin can serve as a potential new material for tissue engineering applications. It has a protein pattern similar to type-I collagen and retains a stable secondary structure. It also exhibits good solubility and optical absorption characteristics.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Diarmid Roberts, Ewan J. Fraser, Andrew Cruden, Richard G. Wills, Solomon Brown
Summary: Providing reliable electricity from small-scale renewable power is an important challenge for emerging economies. The soluble lead flow battery (SLFB) is a promising battery due to its simple architecture, robustness, and demonstrated lifetime at the cell level. A techno-economic model is introduced to optimize the cost/performance of the SLFB system, and it is used to design a 24 V system for a charging hub in Sierra Leone.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Pietro Manuel Ferraro, Eric N. Taylor, John R. Asplin, Gary C. Curhan
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the abnormal handling of alkali and acid precursors in the gut in kidney stone formers, and its impact on urine composition and stone formation. The analysis of data from three independent cohorts showed that kidney stone formers have lower net gastrointestinal alkali absorption, which explains the differences in urine composition and the likelihood of stone formation.
CLINICAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jong Hyun Jhee, Bo Young Nam, Chan Joo Lee, Jung Tak Park, Seung Hyeok Han, Shin-Wook Kang, Sungha Park, Tae-Hyun Yoo
Summary: The study found that elevated serum suPAR levels in patients with chronic kidney disease are associated with abnormal 24-hour blood pressure patterns and an increased risk of kidney disease progression. This association is particularly prominent in reverse dippers, where higher suPAR levels are significantly correlated with an increased risk of CKD progression.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Nneka Southwell, Guido Primiano, Viraj Nadkarni, Nabeel Attarwala, Emelie Beattie, Dawson Miller, Sumaitaah Alam, Irene Liparulo, Yevgeniya Shurubor, Maria Lucia Valentino, Valerio Carelli, Serenella Servidei, Steven S. Gross, Giovanni Manfredi, Qiuying Chen, Marilena D'Aurelio
Summary: Mitochondrial diseases are a group of disorders caused by impaired oxidative phosphorylation, which often affects skeletal muscle due to its high energy dependency. However, the metabolic drivers of muscle degeneration in these diseases are not well understood, leading to a lack of effective treatments. This study identifies systemic metabolic mechanisms underlying mitochondrial myopathies and potential new targets for intervention.
EMBO MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ryunosuke Nagao, Yasuaki Mizutani, Akihiro Ueda, Sayuri Shima, Mizuki Ito, Junichiro Yoshimoto, Hirohisa Watanabe
Summary: Serotonin dysfunction, as assessed by CSF 5-HIAA levels, may implicate greater MSA severity.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Balthazar Bazin, Pierre A. A. Geoffroy, Helene Benzaquen, Julia Maruani, Alix Romier, Michel Lejoyeux, Marie-Pia D'ortho, Justine Frija-Masson
Summary: This case report describes a 46-year-old man with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and agoraphobia who was referred for suspected obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Polysomnography confirmed moderate OSAS associated with hypoventilation, and treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) showed excellent results. However, follow-up revealed an irregular sleep-wake rhythm, which was effectively treated with melatonin and light therapy. This case highlights the importance of addressing sleep and circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders (CRSWD) in individuals with psychiatric disorders, and suggests that CPAP data could be an objective alternative to sleep diary.
JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Adina F. Turcu, Ashwini Mallappa, Aikaterini A. Nella, Xuan Chen, Lili Zhao, Aya T. Nanba, James Brian Byrd, Richard J. Auchus, Deborah P. Merke
Summary: The study compared the dynamic response of steroids in patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency to conventional oral glucocorticoids and continuous subcutaneous hydrocortisone infusion. The findings suggest that 11-oxyandrogens and PregS could serve as biomarkers for disease control in 21OHD, with the diurnal variability of these novel biomarkers needing consideration.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jingjing Ma, Kun Chen, Yun Ding, Xiao Li, Qiming Tang, Bo Jin, Ruben Y. Luo, Sheeno Thyparambil, Zhi Han, C. James Chou, Ashlee Zhou, James Schilling, Zhiguang Lin, Yan Ma, Qing Li, Mengxue Zhang, Karl G. Sylvester, Seema Nagpal, Doff B. McElhinney, Xuefeng B. Ling, Bobin Chen
Summary: This study developed two logistic regression models using metabolic markers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PCNSL. These models provide valuable insights and hold promise for the future development of a non-invasive and reliable diagnostic tool for PCNSL.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alexa Pichet Binette, Shorena Janelidze, Nicholas Cullen, Jeffrey L. Dage, Randall J. Bateman, Henrik Zetterberg, Kaj Blennow, Erik Stomrud, Niklas Mattsson-Carlgren, Oskar Hansson
Summary: This study found that creatinine and body mass index are associated with certain plasma biomarker levels, but they do not have clinically relevant confounding effects for the majority of individuals.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Haiyan Liu, Nicolas R. Barthelemy, Vitaliy Ovod, James G. Bollinger, Yingxin He, Samir L. Chahin, Brendan Androff, Randall J. Bateman, Brendan P. Lucey
Summary: Sleep deprivation increases cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau levels, while decreasing plasma levels. These findings suggest that sleep loss affects plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and should be taken into account when interpreting individual plasma biomarkers.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Pratishtha Chatterjee, Lisa Vermunt, Brian A. Gordon, Steve Pedrini, Lynn Boonkamp, Nicola J. Armstrong, Chengjie Xiong, Abhay K. Singh, Yan Li, Hamid R. Sohrabi, Kevin Taddei, Mark Molloy, Tammie L. S. Benzinger, John C. Morris, Celeste Karch, Sarah Berman, Jasmeer Chhatwal, Carlos Cruchaga, Neill R. Graff-Radford, Gregory S. Day, Martin Farlow, Nick Fox, Alison Goate, Jason Hassenstab, Jae-Hong Lee, Johannes Levin, Eric McDade, Hiroshi Mori, Richard Perrin, Raquel Sanchez-Valle, Peter R. Schofield, Allan Levey, Mathias Jucker, Colin L. Masters, Anne M. Fagan, Randall J. Bateman, Ralph N. Martins, Charlotte Teunissen
Summary: This study found that plasma GFAP levels increase a decade before symptom onset in AD and are associated with Aβ load, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Chengjie Xiong, Lena M. McCue, Virginia Buckles, Elizabeth Grant, Folasade Agboola, Dean Coble, Randall J. Bateman, Anne M. Fagan, Tammie L. S. Benzinger, Jason Hassenstab, Suzanne E. Schindler, Eric McDade, Krista Moulder, Brian A. Gordon, Carlos Cruchaga, Gregory S. Day, Takeshi Ikeuchi, Kazushi Suzuki, Ricardo F. Allegri, Jonathan Voeglein, Johannes Levin, John C. Morris
Summary: This study compared biomarkers of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) and autosomal dominant AD (ADAD). The results showed that at baseline, ADAD mutation carriers (MCs) had lower CSF A beta 42 levels and higher levels of total and phosphorylated tau-181, and PiB uptake compared to LOAD participants with a positive family history (FH+). Longitudinally, MCs had a similar increase in PiB uptake to FH+, but a much faster decline in hippocampal volume, and were the only group showing cognitive decline.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mary Ellen Vajravelu, Emily Hirschfeld, Acham Gebremariam, Charles F. Burant, William H. Herman, Karen E. Peterson, Jennifer L. Meijer, Joyce M. Lee
Summary: This study evaluated the prospective test performance of different screening measures for identifying dysglycemia in youth. The results showed that HbA1c and nonfasting glucose tests had reasonable longitudinal discrimination in identifying adolescents at risk for dysglycemia, but their performance depended on the definition of the outcome.
HORMONE RESEARCH IN PAEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Christopher H. van Dyck, Chad J. Swanson, Paul Aisen, Randall J. Bateman, Christopher Chen, Michelle Gee, Michio Kanekiyo, David Li, Larisa Reyderman, Sharon Cohen, Lutz Froelich, Sadao Katayama, Marwan Sabbagh, Bruno Vellas, David Watson, Shobha Dhadda, Michael Irizarry, Lynn D. Kramer, Takeshi Iwatsubo
Summary: Lecanemab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, reduced amyloid markers and showed improvement in cognition and function in early Alzheimer's disease patients. However, it also resulted in adverse events. Longer trials are needed to determine its efficacy and safety in early Alzheimer's disease.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biology
Peter R. Millar, Brian A. Gordon, Patrick H. Luckett, Tammie L. S. Benzinger, Carlos Cruchaga, Anne M. Fagan, Jason J. Hassenstab, Richard J. Perrin, Suzanne E. Schindler, Ricardo F. Allegri, Gregory S. Day, Martin R. Farlow, Hiroshi Mori, Georg Nuebling, Randall J. Bateman, John C. Morris, Beau M. Ances
Summary: Estimates of 'brain-predicted age' quantify apparent brain age compared to normative trajectories of neuroimaging features. The brain age gap (BAG) between predicted and chronological age is elevated in symptomatic Alzheimer disease (AD) but has not been well explored in presymptomatic AD. Prior studies have typically modeled BAG with structural MRI, but more recently other modalities, including functional connectivity (FC) and multimodal MRI, have been explored.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Kanta Horie, Yan R. Li, Nicolas Barthelemy, Brian Gordon, Jason Hassenstab, Tammie L. S. M. Benzinger, Anne C. Fagan, John M. Morris, Celeste Karch, Chengjie Xiong, Ricardo Allegri, Patricio Chrem Mendez, Takeshi Ikeuchi, Kensaku Kasuga, James Noble, Martin Farlow, Jasmeer Chhatwal, Gregory R. Day, Peter R. Schofield, Colin Masters, Johannes Levin, Mathias Jucker, Jae-Hong Lee, Jee Hoon Roh, Chihiro Sato, Pallavi Sachdev, Akihiko Koyama, Larisa J. Reyderman, Randall Bateman, Eric McDade
Summary: Identifying cerebrospinal fluid measures of the microtubule binding region of tau (MTBR-tau) species that reflect tau aggregation could provide fluid biomarkers that track Alzheimer's disease related neurofibrillary tau pathological changes.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Muhammad Shoaib, Qiang Ye, Heidi IglayReger, Meng H. H. Tan, Michael Boehnke, Charles F. F. Burant, Scott A. A. Soleimanpour, Sarah A. Gagliano A. Taliun
Summary: Polygenic risk scores (PRS) can quantify the genetic susceptibility to disease by analyzing summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Differentiating between type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes accurately is crucial for diagnosis and treatment. PRS have the potential to address misclassification of T1D and T2D.
GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Michael W. W. Schleh, Benjamin J. J. Ryan, Cheehoon Ahn, Alison C. C. Ludzki, Pallavi Varshney, Jenna B. B. Gillen, Douglas W. W. Van Pelt, Lisa M. M. Pitchford, Suzette M. M. Howton, Thomas Rode, Thomas L. L. Chenevert, Scott L. L. Hummel, Charles F. F. Burant, Jeffrey F. F. Horowitz
Summary: The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between insulin-mediated glucose uptake and clinical outcomes, as well as deep-phenotyping measures. The study also aimed to examine how adipocyte size, fibrosis, and proteomic profile contribute to the regulation of fatty acid rate of appearance.
Article
Cell Biology
Weiwei Xu, M. M. Fahd Qadir, Daniela Nasteska, Paula Mota de Sa, Caroline M. Gorvin, Manuel Blandino-Rosano, Charles R. Evans, Thuong Ho, Evgeniy Potapenko, Rajakrishnan Veluthakal, Fiona B. Ashford, Stavroula Bitsi, Jia Fan, Manika Bhondeley, Kejing Song, Venkata N. Sure, Siva S. V. P. Sakamuri, Lina Schiffer, Wandy Beatty, Rachael Wyatt, Daniel E. Frigo, Xiaowen Liu, Prasad V. Katakam, Wiebke Arlt, Jochen Buck, Lonny R. Levin, Tony Hu, Jay Kolls, Charles F. Burant, Alejandra Tomas, Matthew J. Merrins, Debbie C. Thurmond, Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi, David J. Hodson, Franck Mauvais-Jarvis
Summary: Male mice without androgen receptor (AR) in pancreatic 0 cells have reduced insulin secretion and develop hyperglycemia. Testosterone activates an extranuclear AR, which enhances glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) insulin action. This study investigates the mechanisms through which testosterone enhances GLP-1-stimulated insulin secretion in male 0 cells, including the activation of cAMP production and the recruitment of Gas to GLP-1 receptor and AR complexes. Additionally, testosterone promotes insulin secretion in human islets through an actin remodeling cascade. The study provides insights into the genomic and non-genomic actions of AR in regulating insulin exocytosis.
Article
Neurosciences
Jan Krzysztof Blusztajn, Nurgul Aytan, Thekkelnaycke Rajendiran, Tiffany J. Mellott, Tanu Soni, Charles F. Burant, Geidy E. Serrano, Thomas G. Beach, Honghuang Lin, Thor D. Stein
Summary: This study identified monogalactosyl diglycerides (MGDGs) as a central correlate of clinical and pathological progression in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The levels of MGDGs were found to be positively associated with AD-related traits in postmortem brain samples. These findings suggest the importance of MGDG metabolism in the progression of AD.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Nicolas R. Barthelemy, Benjamin Saef, Yan Li, Brian A. Gordon, Yingxin He, Kanta Horie, Erik Stomrud, Gemma Salvado, Shorena Janelidze, Chihiro Sato, Vitaliy Ovod, Rachel L. Henson, Anne M. Fagan, Tammie L. S. Benzinger, Chengjie Xiong, John C. Morris, Oskar Hansson, Randall J. Bateman, Suzanne E. Schindler
Summary: CSF tau phosphorylation at T217 and T205 sites is a better marker for Alzheimer's disease pathology than current tests.
Article
Cell Biology
Jinbin Xu, Huifangjie L. Farsad, Yiran Hou, Kia Barclay, Ben Anthony Lopez, Shinnosuke Yamada, Ibrahim Olabayode Saliu, Yiming Shi, William C. Knight, Randall J. Bateman, Tammie L. S. Benzinger, Jason J. Yi, Qingyun Li, Ting Wang, Joel S. Perlmutter, John C. Morris, Guoyan Zhao
Summary: Zhao et al. discovered evolutionarily conserved astrocyte and microglia subpopulations shared across multiple brain regions, revealing similarities and differences in AD and PD glia and regional variance linked to AD pathology and neurodegeneration. Their analysis identified commonalities between AD and PD astrocytes and unique transcriptomic changes in microglia for each disorder. They also delineated undescribed subpopulations of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and provided neuronal transcriptomic profiles suggesting disease-specific changes and selective vulnerability.