Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Terry J. Smith
Summary: Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a challenging condition to treat, but recent scientific advances have provided more options. Glucocorticoid steroids are the commonly prescribed treatment, but they have limited effectiveness. Other medications such as mycophenolate, rituximab, and teprotumumab have shown some promise. Targeted therapies aimed at prostaglandin receptors, vascular endothelial growth factor, mTOR, and cholesterol pathways have also been proposed. Restoring immune tolerance may ultimately be the most effective and safe treatment for TED.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mabel Ryder, Mark Wentworth, Alicia Algeciras-Schimnich, John C. Morris, James Garrity, Jane Sanders, Stuart Young, Paul Sanders, Jadwiga Furmaniak, Bernard Rees Smith
Summary: K1-70 therapy effectively improved GO symptoms and may benefit select patients with FTC and GD. Through the combination of K1-70 and drug therapy, the patient's cancer was managed effectively.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Emilie Brule, Tanya L. Silander, Ying Wang, Xiang Zhou, Beata Bak, Stefan Groeneweg, Daniel J. Bernard
Summary: Loss of IGSF1/Igsf1 causes central hypothyroidism. IGSF1 interacts with the thyroid hormone transporter MCT8, but the physiological relevance of this association is unclear.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jeong-Sun Han, Sung Eun Kim, Jun-Qing Jin, Na Ri Park, Ji-Young Lee, Hong Lim Kim, Seong-Beom Lee, Suk-Woo Yang, Dong-Jun Lim
Summary: This study analyzed the exosomal proteins in tear fluids (TF) from patients with Thyroid eye disease (TED) and found that specific proteins were significantly increased in TED patients compared to control subjects. Orbital fibroblasts exposed to TF exosomes from TED patients showed higher levels of inflammatory cytokine production, suggesting a potential key role of these specific proteins in TED pathogenesis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yatao Du, Chaojie Chen, Guangdi Zhou, Zhenzhen Cai, Qiuhong Man, Baolin Liu, Weiye Charles Wang
Summary: This study investigates the toxicity of PFOA to the genes related to thyroid hormone synthesis and their regulatory network using FRTL-5 rat thyroid follicular cells as a model. The results suggest that PFOA disrupts the TSH-activated cAMP signaling pathway, leading to a decrease in thyroid hormone levels, and increases endoplasmic reticulum stress.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Dorota Whitmer, John E. Phay, Shelby Holt, Benjamin O'Donnell, Jay Nguyen, Dennis Joseph, Anthony Chi, Shuyang Wu, Yangyang Hao, Jing Huang, Joshua P. Klopper, Richard T. Kloos, Giulia C. Kennedy, Joyce Shin
Summary: This study evaluated the frequency and risk of malignancy of TSHR mutations in indeterminate thyroid nodules. The results showed that the TSHRpI568T mutation had a high benign rate, but a significant risk of malignancy in suspicious samples. These findings may have implications for the treatment and monitoring of patients with TSHR mutated nodules.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Hansol Jeon, Joo Yeon Lee, Yu Jeong Kim, Min Joung Lee
Summary: This study found a strong association between thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) levels and the activity of thyroid eye disease (TED). TSI could be a useful biomarker for identifying patients with active TED in clinical settings, even after adjusting for other clinical characteristics.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Shuyi Li, Yi Wu, Su-juan Zhang, Guoyi Li, Yu Tao Xiang, Wei-zhong Zhang, Wen-jing Pan, Wei-qing Chen, Yuan-tao Hao, Wen-hua Ling, Zhao-min Liu
Summary: This study aimed to explore the relationship between maternal thyroid function and thyroid resistance parameters with neonatal TSH levels. The findings showed a positive association between maternal thyroid variables and neonatal TSH levels, suggesting potential implications for improving screening algorithms for congenital hypothyroidism.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Mohammad Shahbaz Khan, Waqar Hanif, Nada Alsakhen, Basit Jabbar, Israa M. Shamkh, Ahad Amer Alsaiari, Mazen Almehmadi, Saad Alghamdi, Afnan Shakoori, Dunia A. Al Farraj, Saeedah Musaed Almutairi, Yasser Hussein Issa Mohammed, Amr S. Abouzied, Aziz-Ur Rehman, Bader Huwaimel
Summary: This study identified differentially expressed genes and isoform switching between estrogen receptor positive and triple negative breast cancer samples. The differential usage of isoforms in immune system related genes suggests immunosuppression due to dysregulation of CXCR chemokine receptor binding, iron ion binding, and cytokine activity.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Benjamin Billiet, Juan Manuel Chao de la Barca, Marc Ferre, Jeanne Muller, Anais Vautier, Sophie Assad, Odile Blanchet, Lydie Tessier, Celine Wetterwald, Justine Faure, Geoffrey Urbanski, Gilles Simard, Delphine Mirebeau-Prunier, Patrice Rodien, Philippe Gohier, Pascal Reynier
Summary: About half of patients with Graves' disease develop an orbitopathy related to an inflammatory expansion of the periorbital adipose tissue and muscles. This study used a targeted metabolomic approach to compare the metabolic composition of tears in patients with active versus inactive thyroid-associated orbitopathy. Several metabolites showed significant alterations in concentration between the two groups. The ratio putrescine/ornithine, representing the activity of ornithine decarboxylase, was significantly increased in patients with active versus inactive orbitopathy.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sara Rosendahl, Rima Sulniute, Julia Persson, Sebastian Forsberg, Rebecka Haggvik, Viktor Drewsen, Cecilia Koskinen Holm, Elin Kindstedt, Pernilla Lundberg
Summary: Juvenile and adult male mice lacking CCR3 receptors exhibit a thin cortical bone phenotype, which is not observed in female mice. This suggests a sex hormone-related role of CCR3 in cortical bone turnover.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hao Hu, Jiang Zhou, Wei Fang, Huan-Huan Chen, Wen-Hao Jiang, Xiong-Ying Pu, Xiao-Quan Xu, Wen-Hao Gu, Fei-Yun Wu
Summary: Patients with TAO exhibited significantly increased iron deposition in brain regions related to visual, emotional, and cognitive functions, as shown by higher QSM values. QSM values could potentially serve as neuroimaging markers for TAO, as supported by the SVM analysis showing strong performance in distinguishing TAO patients from healthy controls.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Giuseppe Barbesino, Mario Salvi, Suzanne K. Freitag
Summary: This review summarizes current and emerging therapies for thyroid eye disease (TED) and evaluates them based on novel understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms. New treatment options have shown promising results in improving outcomes for TED patients, but their full role and relationship with traditional immune suppression need further research.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chao-Wen Cheng, Wen-Fang Fang, Kam-Tsun Tang, Jiunn-Diann Lin
Summary: This study suggests a potential link between sex hormones, specifically estrogen, and B-cell activating factor (BAFF) in autoimmune thyroid disease. The results showed higher serum BAFF levels in women with Graves' disease and female mice in a murine model of autoimmune thyroiditis. Estrogen may play a role in modulating BAFF expression, possibly contributing to the higher incidence of autoimmune thyroid disease in women.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Syed Morshed, Rauf Latif, Terry F. Davies
Summary: This study found that TSH or antioxidants can rescue thyroid cells from N-TSHR-mAb-induced apoptosis by enhancing autophagy. These results suggest that N-TSHR-mAb under low TSH conditions in Graves' disease patients may be detrimental to thyroid cell survival.
JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Roshini Fernando, Terry J. Smith
Summary: The study compared the expression of various genes and molecules in fibrocytes and orbital fibroblasts (GD-OF) in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. The results showed significant differences in hyaluronan synthesis, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production between fibrocytes and GD-OF, which were partly regulated by Slit2. These findings provide insights into the disease pathogenesis.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Joseph A. M. J. L. Janssen, Terry J. Smith
Summary: The insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of TAO, and targeting this receptor with specific biologic agents may lead to a paradigm shift in the therapy of TAO.
Article
Ophthalmology
Thais de Sousa Pereira, Cristiane de Almeida Leite, Cristina Hiromi Kuniyoshi, Eloisa M. M. S. Gebrim, Mario L. R. Monteiro, Allan C. Pieroni Goncalves
Summary: Both inferomedial and balanced orbital decompression can successfully expand orbit capacity, but balanced orbital decompression is more efficient at reducing exophthalmos, probably due to the inclusion of the lateral wall. Upper and lower eyelid retraction improved after surgery, but only lower eyelid elevation was correlated with exophthalmos reduction.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
E. J. Neag, T. J. Smith
Summary: Significant scientific advances have been made in the field of TAO over the past decade, including a deeper understanding of autoimmune diseases and TAO, as well as the development of new medical treatment methods. Future research will continue to build on these advances, further accelerating the pace of scientific discovery.
JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Editorial Material
Oncology
Erin F. Gillespie, Atif J. Khan, Oren Cahlon, Lior Z. Braunstein
PRACTICAL RADIATION ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Letter
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Terry J. Smith
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Roshini Fernando, Oshadi Caldera, Terry J. Smith
Summary: Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is a disfiguring and potentially blinding autoimmune component of Graves' disease, driven by autoantibodies targeting the TSHR/IGF-IR complex. Teprotumumab, an anti-IGF-IR inhibitor, attenuates expressions of MHC II and B7 proteins in CD34(+) fibrocytes, potentially by reducing gene transcriptional activity.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Leonard Girnita, Terry J. Smith, Joseph A. M. J. L. Janssen
Summary: This article reviews the generation of autoantibodies in thyroid eye disease (TED) and their direct effects on orbital fibroblast responses through the TSH receptor (TSHR), IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR), or both. Evidence suggests that IGF-IR functions not only as a typical tyrosine kinase receptor, but also as a functional receptor tyrosine kinase/G-protein-coupled receptor hybrid. Teprotumumab, a monoclonal IGF-IR antibody, effectively reduces TED disease activity and its in vitro actions on fibrocytes and orbital fibroblasts. The article proposes four possible IGF-IR activation models underlying the clinical responses to teprotumumab in TED patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Y. Helen Zhang, Elaine Cha, Kathleen Lynch, Renee Gennarelli, Jeffrey Brower, Michael Sherer, Daniel W. Golden, Susan Chimonas, Deborah Korenstein, Erin F. Gillespie
Summary: This study aimed to assess contouring-related practices among US radiation oncologists and explore the factors affecting access to and use of resources and quality improvement strategies. The results showed that contouring-related questions arise in a significant percentage of clinical cases among the respondents, and published atlases and consulting other radiation oncologists are the most frequently accessed resources. The study also identified potential opportunities to improve contour quality, such as improving access to disease-site specialists and implementing contour-specific peer review.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL IMAGING AND RADIATION ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Letter
Endocrinology & Metabolism
T. J. Smith
JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Letter
Oncology
Erin F. Gillespie, Atif J. Khan, Lior Z. Braunstein
PRACTICAL RADIATION ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Roshini Fernando, Terry J. Smith
Summary: Teprotumumab has been found to modulate the expression of inflammation-associated factors IL-6 and IL-8 in fibrocytes and orbital fibroblasts, potentially alleviating the symptoms of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Terry J. Smith
Summary: Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a challenging condition to treat, but recent scientific advances have provided more options. Glucocorticoid steroids are the commonly prescribed treatment, but they have limited effectiveness. Other medications such as mycophenolate, rituximab, and teprotumumab have shown some promise. Targeted therapies aimed at prostaglandin receptors, vascular endothelial growth factor, mTOR, and cholesterol pathways have also been proposed. Restoring immune tolerance may ultimately be the most effective and safe treatment for TED.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Edward Christopher Dee, Neil K. Taunk, Fumiko L. Chino, Curtiland Deville, Shearwood McClelland, Vinayak Muralidhar, Sean N. McBride, Erin F. Gillespie, Kosj Yamoah, Paul L. Nguyen, Brandon A. Mahal, Karen M. Winkfield, Neha Vapiwala, Patricia Mae G. Santos
Summary: Shorter radiation regimens may reduce treatment noncompletion rates, but black patients are consistently less likely to receive them for breast cancer and prostate cancer. However, evidence suggests that these shorter regimens could lead to similar oncologic outcomes.
JCO ONCOLOGY PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Cristiane de Almeida Leite, Thais de Sousa Pereira, Jeane Chiang, Rodrigo Bernal Moritz, Allan Christian Pieroni Goncalves, Mario Luiz Ribeiro Monteiro
Summary: The study compared the surgical outcomes of IM-OD and ML-OD for patients with inactive GO, finding that ML-OD resulted in greater exophthalmos reduction, while IM-OD had a lower risk of new-onset esotropia.