Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Han-Gyul Jin, Hyunho Lee, Jong-Jin Baik
Summary: The study found that precipitation in South Korea exhibits distinct diurnal variations, with prominent peaks in the morning and evening, influenced by different weather mechanisms. Afternoon-to-evening peaks are observed in mountainous and coastal regions, while late night-to-morning peaks are mainly seen in western and eastern coastal regions as well as western inland regions.
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zhi-Weng Chua, Yuriy Kuleshov, Andrew B. Watkins, Suelynn Choy, Chayn Sun
Summary: This study presents an approach to develop a blended satellite-rainfall dataset over Australia. The blended dataset, which integrates Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) satellite precipitation estimates with station-based rain gauge data, exhibits improved performance compared to other non-gauge-based datasets. The proposed method effectively reduces biases and produces more realistic rainfall patterns.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zhi-Weng Chua, Yuriy Kuleshov, Andrew B. Watkins, Suelynn Choy, Chayn Sun
Summary: Satellite and gauge data are combined to develop an improved rainfall analysis method, overcoming the limitations of traditional rain gauge analyses. Different correction and blending methods are investigated to find the optimal dataset, and a complementary relationship between specific methods is identified. The resulting improved dataset shows higher accuracy and has potential applicability in other regions.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yanda Zhang, Fangqun Yu, Gan Luo, Jiwen Fan, Shuai Liu
Summary: The study shows that long-range-transported mineral dust can significantly affect the properties of convective clouds and precipitation during strong convective periods. The effects include increased ice water contents and enhanced convective intensity through enhanced condensation and deposition latent heating. Differences in the effects of dust between the Morrison and SBM schemes are partially attributed to the saturation adjustment approach utilized in the bulk scheme.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Detelina P. Ivanova, Julie L. McClean, Janet Sprintall, Ru Chen
Summary: The study shows a significant relationship between the thickness of barrier layers in the eastern Indian Ocean and rainfall in northern Australia, with increased barrier layer thickness intensifying evaporation, local convection, and moisture transport to Australia, ultimately leading to increased terrestrial rainfall.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Wei Lu, Yimin Zhu, Yijia Hu, Zhong Zhong, Yao Ha
Summary: This study investigates the interdecadal transition of interannual variability of summertime intraseasonal rainfall over South China, and explores the inner connection and possible physical processes associated with the atmospheric intraseasonal oscillation. The results suggest that the Silk Road teleconnection wave trains and the intraseasonal component of the western Pacific subtropical high are two major factors controlling the increase of interannual oscillation of summertime intraseasonal rainfall after 1996.
FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jin-Yong Kim, Kyong-Hwan Seo
Summary: Summertime atmospheric teleconnection patterns over Eurasia have a significant influence on regional weather and climate. This study focuses on the high-latitude counterpart and proposes physical mechanisms for the formation and maintenance of the dominant teleconnection pattern. The formation of the pattern is linked to sea surface temperature anomalies and synoptic-scale eddy activity, while the maintenance of the pattern involves latent heat-related diabatic anomalies over the landmass.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jie He, Puyu Feng, Bin Wang, Wei Zhuang, Yongqiang Zhang, De Li Liu, Jamie Cleverly, Alfredo Huete, Qiang Yu
Summary: Global warming and anthropogenic activities have significantly impacted rainfall patterns in northern Australia in recent decades. The study found an increasing trend in annual precipitation across the region with higher variation. The main shifting period of rainfall patterns was observed during 1966-75. While annual rainfall seems to become wetter, the frequency of extreme rainfall events should also be considered in assessing the impacts of climate change.
JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yang Yang, Mengyun Li, Hailong Wang, Huimin Li, Pinya Wang, Ke Li, Meng Gao, Hong Liao
Summary: Based on model simulations, ground measurements, and reanalysis data, this study explores the different impacts of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) warm/cold phases on summertime tropospheric O-3 over China. The research finds that summertime surface ozone concentrations in China are positively correlated with the ENSO index, with the largest increases in ozone during El Nino years compared to La Nina years. The ENSO modulation also extends to the middle and even upper troposphere. The analysis suggests that weakened southerlies and ozone flux convergence are the main reasons for the increase in tropospheric ozone over southern China. The study highlights the potential significance of ENSO in regulating tropospheric ozone concentrations in China and its implications for ozone pollution mitigation.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yu Yan, Xuesong Wang, Kun Qu, Xin Li, Wenbin Shi, Zimu Peng, Yuanhang Zhang
Summary: The study identified four typical synoptic circulation types in the summers of 2014-2019 in the Guanzhong Basin, with the southeast high-type leading to local production of ozone and the northeast ridge-type contributing to cross-regional transport of ozone and resulting in severe pollution. The impact of different synoptic circulation types on ozone formation and transport provides important insights for regional ozone reduction strategies.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Wan-Ru Huang, Suranjith Bandara Koralegedara, Po-Han Tung, Tzu-Yang Chiang
Summary: This study analyzes the diurnal rainfall characteristics and their seasonality over Sri Lanka, the second-largest island in the tropical Indian Ocean, and explores the possible causes. The results indicate that diurnal rainfall peaks occur at 12 UTC in all seasons, with larger amplitudes in spring and autumn. The dominant propagation direction of diurnal rainfall is eastward in summer and westward in spring, autumn, and winter. Atmospheric modulations contribute to the transport of moisture from nearby seas to Sri Lanka and lead to the diurnal rainfall peaks. The differences in diurnal rainfall propagation over Sri Lanka are attributed to various factors, including the interaction between land-sea breezes, orography, and prevailing low-to-mid-level winds.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
De Li Liu, Jin Teng, Fei Ji, Muhuddin R. Anwar, Puyu Feng, Bin Wang, Linchao Li, Cathy Waters
Summary: The study on rainfall patterns in Australia from 1960 to 2019 revealed significant changes in different regions, with increasing trends in northern and central Australia and decreasing trends in southern agricultural areas. Different rainfall characteristics were observed across seasons and regions, providing important insights for decision makers in agriculture and water resources management sectors.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Gokhan Yildirim, Ataur Rahman
Summary: This study investigates rainfall and drought characteristics in southeastern Australia using data from 45 rainfall stations. The results show an increasing trend in annual total rainfall, but a significant negative trend in the medium term. Winter is dominated by a negative trend, while summer and spring seasons show a positive trend. April is the driest month. Positive trends on droughts are observed in the inner parts of the study area, while a negative trend is detected in the south, southeast, and northeast.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Abhishek Singh, Avinash Anchule, Tirthankar Banerjee, Kumari Aditi, Alaa Mhawish
Summary: This study investigates the three-dimensional climatology of South Asian summertime aerosols using satellite observations and reanalysis dataset. The results show high aerosol optical depth in the region, with distinct spatial distribution of aerosol sub-types. Mineral dust, smoke, and urban aerosols are the dominant aerosol sub-types.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Mandy B. Freund, Andrew G. Marshall, Matthew C. Wheeler, Jaclyn N. Brown
Summary: By analyzing a 120-year record of El Nino events, researchers found that the strength of central Pacific El Ninos affects rainfall patterns in southeastern Australia. Weak and strong central Pacific events both lead to rainfall deficits across Australia from April to September, but the strongest events reverse this trend in southeastern Australia after October, resulting in positive rainfall anomalies. These findings could improve seasonal prediction efforts and help anticipate drought-breaking rainfall events like those seen in early 2020.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Bhupendra A. Raut, Robert Jackson, Mark Picel, Scott M. Collis, Martin Bergemann, Christian Jakob
Summary: The algorithm developed incorporates various tracking techniques, making it adaptable for tracking objects with convection-like features in simulated data and two-dimensional images. It uses Fourier phase shift to estimate motion, computes disparity score for target-candidate pairs, applies the Hungarian method to identify best pairs, and tests unmatched pairs for merger and split based on size and overlap. The algorithm shows sensitivity of track duration to different thresholds and highlights its ability to study convective life cycles over Darwin, Australia.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tanya Fiedler, Andy J. Pitman, Kate Mackenzie, Nick Wood, Christian Jakob, Sarah E. Perkins-Kirkpatrick
Summary: Assessing future climate-related financial risk requires knowledge of how the climate will change at different spatial and temporal scales, but the rules for using climate science appropriately to evaluate the impact of climate change on financial risk have not been developed yet.
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Michael J. Reeder, Thomas Spengler, Clemens Spensberger
Summary: The study investigates the relationship between sea surface temperature fronts and atmospheric fronts, finding that adiabatic frontogenesis is more important for the formation of atmospheric fronts, while non-adiabatic frontogenesis is mainly related to differential sensible heating over the SST front. The research shows that in airstreams with fronts, the impact of the SST front on atmospheric fronts is relatively small.
JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
George Tselioudis, William B. Rossow, Christian Jakob, Jasmine Remillard, Derek Tropf, Yuanchong Zhang
Summary: The analysis of CMIP6 models against ISCCP-H weather states shows improvements in simulating the frequency and geographical distribution of weather states compared to CMIP5 models, but biases still exist, especially in the frequency of shallow cumulus clouds and certain weather states.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Adam L. Morgan, Michael J. Reeder
Summary: Distinctive triangular-shaped striated delta clouds offer a new perspective on understanding the generation of gravity waves in the atmosphere, with transverse cloud-top banding serving as an indicator. Research indicates that under certain conditions, the formation of delta clouds is influenced by the position of the poleward jet exit, and may be related to gravity wave generation.
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
M. H. Retsch, C. Jakob, M. S. Singh
Summary: This study applies machine learning techniques to examine the relationship between the large-scale state of the atmosphere and convective measures derived from radar observations in northern Australia. The study finds that the large-scale vertical velocity is the most important factor influencing convective area and convective organization, while the horizontal wind field is more relevant for the prediction of convective organization.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
P. F. Freisen, J. M. Arblaster, C. Jakob, J. M. Rodriguez
Summary: Observations and climate models have shown the widening of the tropical Hadley cell circulation since the late 1970s. However, discrepancies in expansion rates between observations and models exist, and the driving influence of tropical or extratropical processes on these changes is still not well understood. This study finds that correcting extratropical biases improves the simulation of the Southern Hemisphere tropical edge more consistently than correcting tropical biases.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Min-Seop Ahn, Peter J. Gleckler, Jiwoo Lee, Angeline G. Pendergrass, Christian Jakob
Summary: This study presents objective performance metrics for measuring precipitation variability across different time scales and applies them to CMIP5 and CMIP6 model simulations. The results show that these models generally overestimate forced variability and underestimate internal variability, especially in tropical ocean areas and high-frequency variability. Additionally, increasing horizontal resolution improves internal variability at subdaily and synoptic time scales.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
B. A. White, C. Jakob, M. J. Reeder
Summary: Satellite observations and reanalysis fields are used to study Australian rainfall to identify the characteristics of extreme rain days. We find that extreme rain days have locally strong ascent, high moisture, and an atmosphere closer to saturation compared to non-extreme rain days. However, the synoptic processes leading to these conditions vary regionally. The concentration of moisture in the days preceding an extreme event is also important for its development.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Graeme Stephens, Jan Polcher, Xubin Zeng, Peter van Oevelen, German Poveda, Michael Bosilovich, Myoung-Hwan Ahn, Gianpaolo Balsamo, Qingyun Duan, Gabriele Hegerl, Christian Jakob, Benjamin Lamptey, Ruby Leung, Maria Piles, Zhongbo Su, Paul Dirmeyer, Kirsten L. Findell, Anne Verhoef, Michael Ek, Tristan L'Ecuyer, Remy Roca, Ali Nazemi, Francina Dominguez, Daniel Klocke, Sandrine Bony
Summary: The GEWEX project, established within the WCRP over 30 years ago, aimed to address gaps in knowledge about Earth's energy and water cycles. It has greatly contributed to improving our understanding of processes and prediction capabilities. GEWEX emphasizes the importance of wider community engagement and international collaboration in monitoring changes in energy and water cycles under increasing human pressures.
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Michael A. Barnes, Malcolm King, Michael Reeder, Christian Jakob
Summary: Heavy rainfall events occur frequently on Australia's subtropical eastern seaboard. Slow-moving upper-level low-pressure systems, combined with moisture-rich easterly winds, generate heavy rainfall and flooding. This study investigates the upper-level dynamics of these events using a coherent potential vorticity (PV) minimum climatology. Slow-moving cyclonic PV anomalies produce more rainfall than fast-moving anomalies. Rossby-wave breaking is responsible for the development of slow-moving cyclonic PV anomalies and the associated surface patterns necessary for heavy rainfall. These anomalies are either transported equatorwards or removed from the region by the restoration of the subtropical jet over continental Australia.
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
I. Tan, M. J. Reeder, M. S. Singh, C. E. Birch, S. C. Peatman
Summary: Cold surges are synoptic weather systems that occur over the Maritime Continent during the boreal winter. They are characterized by the strengthening of prevailing low-level northerly to north-easterly winds, temperature falls of a few degrees over several days, and in some cases, heavy prolonged rainfall and flooding. The synoptic structure and development of cold surges differ depending on whether they are dry, moderate, or wet surges. The occurrence of these surges is closely related to the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) phase and can influence convective activity in the Australian monsoon.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Qinuo Huang, Michael J. Reeder, Christian Jakob, Malcolm J. King, Chun-Hsu Su
Summary: This study investigates the structure and evolution of the boundary layer during summer heatwaves in Victoria using 16-year commercial aircraft observations. The findings show that the daytime boundary layer is deeper during heatwaves, while the night-time boundary layer is shallower and more stable, with a strong nocturnal jet forming. For longer heatwaves, the nocturnal jet progressively strengthens and the heatwaves end after the passage of a coastal front.
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2023)