Article
Mathematics, Applied
Petr Hasil, Jozef Kisel'ak, Michal Pospisil, Michal Vesely
Summary: The research in this paper focuses on the qualitative theory of dynamic equations on time scales, providing descriptions of the nonoscillation domain of general equations through the analysis of Riccati equations and an advanced averaging technique. New results were obtained for both half-linear and linear difference equations, showing that many equations are conditionally oscillatory. Combining these results with previous findings reveals the useful application of these conditionally oscillatory equations in real-world models beyond existing criteria for oscillation and nonoscillation.
MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN THE APPLIED SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Ying Deng, Donghai Wu, Xuhui Wang, Zongqiang Xie
Summary: Extreme drought events in China have had extensive and severe impacts on terrestrial ecosystems in recent decades. This study proposes a new method, called the extreme-based method, to determine the dominant time scale at which gross primary productivity (GPP) responds to extreme droughts. The results show that this method is more reasonable and robust compared to the correlation-based method. The study also highlights the importance of considering vegetation type, water balance, and soil textures in understanding the spatial heterogeneity of dominant time scales.
ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Lorenz Zwick, Pedro R. Capelo, Elisa Bortolas, Veronica Vazquez-Aceves, Lucio Mayer, Pau Amaro-Seoane
Summary: The Peters' formula provides an estimate of the time-scale of GW-induced coalescence of binary systems and is used in various applications. It is shown that the formula's performance is affected in cases of highly eccentric orbits. The study also discusses the impact of environmental perturbations on the inspiral phase.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shangyu Shi, Jingjie Yu, Fei Wang, Ping Wang, Yichi Zhang, Kai Jin
Summary: The study found that vegetation coverage on the Loess Plateau is increasing, positively correlated with the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), indicating that long-term water availability is the major climate factor affecting vegetation growth. Climate change accounts for 45.78% of vegetation change, while human activities account for 54.22%, with the relative role of climate change increasing with time scales.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Economics
Christian Urom, Hela Mzoughi, Ilyes Abid, Mariem Brahim
Summary: This paper examines the interactions among regional green energy equity markets and their dependence on and connection with uncertainties and price fluctuations in the global financial and crude oil markets. The study found positive and strong correlations among regional green energy equities across different time scales, with Asia showing a positive correlation with oil price shocks in the long term. Additionally, there is strong dependence among regional green energy equity markets in the medium and long term, especially between the U.S. and European markets.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Xi Cao, Renguang Wu, Juan Feng, Xiping Zhang, Yifeng Dai
Summary: This study explores the relative contributions of large-scale environmental factors to tropical cyclone (TC) genesis in the eastern North Pacific (ENP) from 1979 to 2013. It finds that the synoptic component plays a key role in the contribution of vorticity and specific humidity to TC genesis, while convection mainly contributes through synoptic and intraseasonal components. Additionally, the study highlights notable differences in the contributions of different time scale components among different ocean regions.
ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Yibo Wang, Pan Liu, Ming Dou, He Li, Bo Ming, Yu Gong, Zhikai Yang
Summary: A new ecological indicator, reservoir outflow variations across different time scales (OVDTS) were proposed to address the issue of adverse effects on downstream ecosystems. The optimized reservoir operating rule curves significantly improved ecofit without decreasing performance of other objectives. This proposed OVDTS and ecofit could be helpful to reservoir ecological operations.
ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Constantin W. Arnscheidt, Daniel H. Rothman
Summary: The amplitude of past global temperature fluctuations varies on different time scales. Stabilizing mechanisms dominate the climate system on shorter time scales, while chance plays an important role in maintaining long-term habitability on longer time scales.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Maria da Fonseca, Giovanni Maffei, Ruben Moreno-Bote, Alexandre Hyafil
Summary: Mood and confidence play important roles in decision-making, but their spontaneous fluctuations are independent in the healthy adult population.
COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Yan Lei, Yan-Wu Wang, Irinel-Constantin Morarescu, Romain Postoyan
Summary: This article investigates the fixed-time stabilization of uncertain linear time-invariant systems exhibiting two time scales using a state-feedback event-triggered controller. The authors propose an event-triggered strategy with two independent sampling mechanisms to ensure the fixed-time stability property. The effectiveness of the results is illustrated through a numerical example.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Yanchong Duan, Qiang Zhong, Guiquan Wang, Peng Zhang, Danxun Li
Summary: This study investigates the contributions of different scale motions to the mean wall-shear stress in smooth-walled open channel flows, revealing the significant impact of large-scale and very-large-scale motions on the wall-shear stress. Comparisons with closed channel flows show slightly higher and lower contributions in specific wavelength ranges in open channel flows, indicating the important role of free-surface effects in open channel flows. Potential mechanisms are discussed to support the observed differences between the two types of flows.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
E. M. de Kinkelder, E. Fischer-Friedrich, S. Aland
Summary: Developing tissues achieve pattern formation through pulsatile active stresses generated by the actin cytoskeleton. Active gel theory is a powerful tool to model cytoskeletal dynamics. In this study, a minimal model of active gel theory reveals that distinct shear and areal relaxation times are sufficient for driving pulsatile dynamics in active surfaces with a single molecular regulator.
NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Brandon J. Thio, Warren M. Grill
Summary: This article investigates the sources of the EEG signal through computational modeling and finds that in addition to the traditionally acknowledged postsynaptic currents, action potentials and presynaptic activity can also generate electric fields. Experimental results show that while postsynaptic currents are the main contributor, action potentials and presynaptic activity also make significant contributions.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Reka M. Winslow, Camilla Scolini, Noe Lugaz, Nathan A. Schwadron, Antoinette B. Galvin
Summary: This study discusses how the type of magnetic reconnection in the inner heliosphere affects the contribution time of CMEs to the heliospheric flux budget, and proposes criteria to distinguish between different types of reconnection. The validity of these criteria is verified through example events. Studying the reconnection and opening of CMEs in the inner heliosphere provides important insights into their role in the heliospheric flux budget and the evolution of their complexity, connectivity, and topology.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Li Shan, Haicheng Zhang
Summary: This report discusses the flow in dual-porosity media coupled with free flow in embedded macrofractures and conduits. It introduces a dual-porosity model for flow in the dual-porosity media and a Stokes model for flow in the conduits/macrofractures. A partitioned time stepping method is proposed to decouple the complex model into three simple sub-problems, ensuring stability and optimal error estimates of the method.
APPLIED NUMERICAL MATHEMATICS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Paolo Ruggieri, Alessio Bellucci, Dario Nicoli, Panos J. Athanasiadis, Silvio Gualdi, Christophe Cassou, Fred Castruccio, Gokhan Danabasoglu, Paolo Davini, Nick Dunstone, Rosemary Eade, Guillaume Gastineau, Ben Harvey, Leon Hermanson, Said Qasmi, Yohan Ruprich-Robert, Emilia Sanchez-Gomez, Doug Smith, Simon Wild, Matteo Zampieri
Summary: The influence of the Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV) on the North Atlantic storm track and eddy-driven jet in the winter season is assessed through analysis of idealized simulations using state-of-the-art coupled models. A robust extratropical response is found in the form of a wave train extending from the Pacific to the Nordic seas. In the warm phase of the AMV, the Atlantic storm track is typically contracted and the low-level jet is shifted towards the equator in the eastern Atlantic.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
E. E. Tsartsali, R. J. Haarsma, P. J. Athanasiadis, A. Bellucci, H. de Vries, S. Drijfhout, I. E. de Vries, D. Putrahasan, M. J. Roberts, E. Sanchez-Gomez, C. D. Roberts
Summary: This study investigates the resolution dependence of ocean-atmosphere coupling along the Gulf Stream using six Global Climate Models. It explores two interaction mechanisms and finds that increasing resolution leads to stronger coupling and better agreement with observations.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Melanie Kobras, Maarten H. P. Ambaum, Valerio Lucarini
Summary: The study highlights the nonlinear mechanism of eddy saturation in geophysical flows and presents a simplified baroclinic model with stable solutions, showing the increasing attraction of eddy solution with the increment of baroclinic forcing.
GEOPHYSICAL AND ASTROPHYSICAL FLUID DYNAMICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
M. H. P. Ambaum, T. Auerswald, R. Eaves, R. G. Harrison
Summary: The attractive electrostatic force between conductive spheres is always present at small separations, regardless of their mean charge. Water drops in the natural atmosphere, which vary in size and charge, exhibit an increase in attractive force with higher charge variance. The importance of this unrecognized electrostatic effect between water drops is evaluated for its potential to enhance rain formation.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Andrea Marcheggiani, Maarten H. P. Ambaum, Gabriele Messori
Summary: The covariance between meridional wind and air temperature in the atmosphere quantifies the energy flux in the poleward direction. It is found that the strong covariance results from enhanced correlation and variance, and the evolution of the two follows a distinct life-cycle pattern.
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Leon Hermanson, Doug Smith, Melissa Seabrook, Roberto Bilbao, Francisco Doblas-Reyes, Etienne Tourigny, Vladimir Lapin, Viatcheslav V. Kharin, William J. Merryfield, Reinel Sospedra-Alfonso, Panos Athanasiadis, Dario Nicoli, Silvio Gualdi, Nick Dunstone, Rosie Eade, Adam Scaife, Mark Collier, Terence O'Kane, Vassili Kitsios, Paul Sandery, Klaus Pankatz, Barbara Frueh, Holger Pohlmann, Wolfgang Mueller, Takahito Kataoka, Hiroaki Tatebe, Masayoshi Ishii, Yukiko Imada, Tim Kruschke, Torben Koenigk, Mehdi Pasha Karami, Shuting Yang, Tian Tian, Liping Zhang, Tom Delworth, Xiaosong Yang, Fanrong Zeng, Yiguo Wang, Francois Counillon, Noel Keenlyside, Ingo Bethke, Judith Lean, Juerg Luterbacher, Rupa Kumar Kolli, Arun Kumar
Summary: As climate change accelerates, societies and climate-sensitive socioeconomic sectors need new methods to guide future adaptation efforts. Operational decadal predictions, like the ones provided by the WMO Lead Centre for Annual to Decadal Climate Predictions, can fill the gap between seasonal forecasts and climate projections. The collaboration produces skillful predictions that inform policy-makers about global climate trends and the probability of exceeding the Paris Agreement's temperature targets.
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Carlos Delgado-Torres, Markus G. Donat, Nube Gonzalez-Reviriego, Louis-Philippe Caron, Panos J. Athanasiadis, Pierre-Antoine Bretonniere, Nick J. Dunstone, An-Chi Ho, Dario Nicoli, Klaus Pankatz, Andreas Paxian, Nuria Perez-Zanon, Margarida Samso Cabre, Balakrishnan Solaraju-Murali, Albert Soret, Francisco J. Doblas-Reyes
Summary: This study evaluates the quality of multi-model decadal predictions for near-surface air temperature, precipitation, AMV, and GSAT, finding high skill in temperature, AMV, and GSAT but limited skill in precipitation. Small differences are found between different methods of generating multi-model forecasts, and the best system usually provides the highest skill. The impact of initialization is significant for temperature, AMV, and GSAT but less pronounced for precipitation. The implications of these results for climate services are discussed.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Archaeology
Panos Athanasiadis, Bernardo Cesare, Lorenzo Lazzarini
Summary: Breccia verde di Sparta is a rare brecciated volcanic rock whose precise provenance has been determined in the Peloponnese region of Greece. It was seldom used in Roman times but frequently reused in medieval floors and 19th century historical buildings.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Prakash K. Jha, Panos Athanasiadis, Silvio Gualdi, Antonio Trabucco, Valentina Mereu, Vakhtang Shelia, Gerrit Hoogenboom
Summary: This study investigated the potential relationship between ENSO and summer monsoon precipitation over Nepal's Terai region using crop models and seasonal prediction systems. It found that precipitation is the main variable affecting rice yield, SPSs are skilled at predicting ENSO, and ENSO signals can be used to forecast seasonal precipitation anomalies in the study area except during ENSO neutral years, assisting farmers in optimizing rice yield.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Mikhail Dobrynin, Andre Duesterhus, Kristina Froehlich, Panos Athanasiadis, Paolo Ruggieri, Wolfgang A. Mueller, Johanna Baehr
Summary: Increasing the variability of predicted NAO can enhance the skill of predicting wintertime temperature anomalies, thus improving the performance of seasonal prediction systems and achieving higher forecast accuracy.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
R. Giles Harrison, Veronica Escobar-Ruiz, Keri A. Nicoll, Maarten H. P. Ambaum
Summary: Measurement of emission current at high voltage is important to monitor ion production. Using LED brightness as an alternative measurement method improves low current sensitivity. The simplicity of using a discrete LED is suitable for new applications of ion emission.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Doug M. M. Smith, Nathan P. P. Gillett, Isla R. R. Simpson, Panos J. J. Athanasiadis, Johanna Baehr, Ingo Bethke, Tarkan A. A. Bilge, Remy Bonnet, Olivier Boucher, Kirsten L. L. Findell, Guillaume Gastineau, Silvio Gualdi, Leon Hermanson, L. Ruby Leung, Juliette Mignot, Wolfgang A. A. Mueller, Scott Osprey, Odd Helge Ottera, Geeta G. G. Persad, Adam A. A. Scaife, Gavin A. A. Schmidt, Hideo Shiogama, Rowan T. T. Sutton, Didier Swingedouw, Shuting Yang, Tianjun Zhou, Tilo Ziehn
Summary: Multi-annual to decadal changes in climate are accompanied by changes in extreme events, which have major impacts on society and pose severe challenges for adaptation. Operational decadal predictions offer the potential for early warnings of these changes. However, understanding the causes of regional climate changes on these timescales is crucial for attributing recent events and increasing confidence in forecasts. The Large Ensemble Single Forcing Model Intercomparison Project aims to address this need through coordinated model experiments and an attribution approach that accounts for model errors.
FRONTIERS IN CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Nick Dunstone, Julia Lockwood, Balakrishnan Solaraju-Murali, Katja Reinhardt, Eirini E. Tsartsali, Panos J. Athanasiadis, Alessio Bellucci, Anca Brookshaw, Louis-Philippe Caron, Francisco J. Doblas-Reyes, Barbara Fruh, Nube Gonzalez-Reviriego, Silvio Gualdi, Leon Hermanson, Stefano Materia, Andria Nicodemou, Dario Nicoli, Klaus Pankatz, Andreas Paxian, Adam Scaife, Doug Smith, Hazel E. Thornton
Summary: This study highlights the potential of decadal climate services and describes the development of four prototype climate service products in collaboration with users from agriculture, energy, infrastructure, and insurance sectors. However, to provide better services, more data and wider expertise are needed.
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
R. Giles Harrison, Graeme J. Marlton, Maarten H. P. Ambaum, Keri A. Nicoll
Summary: Modifying droplet behavior has various applications, such as removing pathogens and increasing rainfall. In an environmental experiment, the release of negative charge was shown to affect the formation of natural fog, resulting in an increased concentration of droplets and facilitation of small droplet formation while inhibiting their evaporation. This physics-based droplet modification is highly relevant to weather modification and pathogen control without the need for additional chemicals.
PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Nick Dunstone, Julia Lockwood, Balakrishnan Solaraju-Murali, Katja Reinhardt, Eirini E. Tsartsali, Panos J. Athanasiadis, Alessio Bellucci, Anca Brookshaw, Louis-Philippe Caron, Francisco J. Doblas-Reyes, Barbara Fruh, Nube Gonzalez-Reviriego, Silvio Gualdi, Leon Hermanson, Stefano Materia, Andria Nicodemou, Dario Nicoli, Klaus Pankatz, Andreas Paxian, Adam Scaife, Doug Smith, Hazel E. Thornton
Summary: This study highlights the potential of decadal climate services through four case studies and emphasizes the need for more user-centered products to meet the demands of various industries in adapting to climate change.
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2022)