Article
Behavioral Sciences
Marc Sato
Summary: This study compares the impact of endogenous and exogenous cross-modal effects on auditory evoked responses. The findings suggest that the amplitude of auditory evoked responses is reduced during speaking, and adding orofacial visual movements speeds up the latency of auditory evoked responses.
Review
Neurosciences
Isaac Moran, Javier Perez-Orive, Jonathan Melchor, Tonatiuh Figueroa, Luis Lemus
Summary: The study found that the supplementary motor area (SMA) in the brain is responsible for decision-related computation when transitioning from auditory to movement representations. The neural population in SMA is organized orthogonally during auditory and movement periods, indicating different computations are performed in each phase. These findings suggest that SMA integrates acoustic information to drive behavior through categorical signals.
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christina M. Cerkevich, Jean-Alban Rathelot, Peter L. Strick
Summary: This study examines the cortical control of a laryngeal muscle, essential for vocalization in marmosets and macaques. The researchers find that the expansion of descending output from the premotor areas, particularly ventral area 6 and supplementary motor area, contributes to the enhanced vocal motor abilities in marmosets.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Biology
Min-Hee Ahn, Nour Alsabbagh, Hyo-Jeong Lee, Hyung-Jong Kim, Myung-Hun Jung, Sung-Kwang Hong
Summary: The principle of Bayesian inference provides a theoretical framework for stable perception; efference copy signals reduce cognitive loading by decreasing sensory processing of one's own actions. Sensory prediction errors lead to false perceptions, such as auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia and phantom perceptions like tinnitus. Failures in N1 attenuation suggest impairment in the efference copy mechanism for auditory phantom perception, with differences in neural representation between schizophrenia and tinnitus patients present.
Review
Neurosciences
Josef P. Rauschecker, Rosstin K. Afsahi
Summary: Using neuroanatomical investigations in the macaque, Deepak Pandya and his colleagues have established the framework for auditory cortex organization, with subdivisions into core and belt areas. This research is of great importance for understanding the functional anatomy and physiology of auditory cortex in primates, including humans, as well as the cognitive aspects of speech and language.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
Jonathan H. Venezia, Virginia M. Richards, Gregory Hickok
Summary: A more sensitive method was used to re-analyze data, revealing STRF responses in non-auditory regions in addition to classic auditory regions. Left dPM showed strong functional connectivity with vocal pitch, while IFG responded predominantly to intelligible speech. calcS, modulated by emotion, may have responded to changes in vocal pitch quality.
Article
Neurosciences
Tjerk T. Dercksen, Andreas Widmann, Toemme Noesselt, Nicole Wetzel
Summary: This study recorded action-induced somatosensory omission responses using EEG in humans and found that these responses may reflect prediction errors at multiple levels in the brain.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giorgio Vallortigara
Summary: The distinction between sensation and perception lies in their association with consciousness, with the former being connected to bodily actions. The evolutionary reason for this distinction can be traced back to organisms' movement and their understanding of external stimuli. The Erich von Hoist Reafferenzprinzip effectively models this distinction by generating efference copies associated with motor commands.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Wenshuo Chang, Lihui Wang, Ruolin Yang, Xingchao Wang, Zhixian Gao, Xiaolin Zhou
Summary: This study demonstrated the representation of communicative functions in the human premotor cortex through fMRI and lesion studies. It highlighted the crucial role of the premotor cortex in representing the functions of linguistic communications, supporting the idea that linguistic communication can be seen as an action.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Golan Karvat, Mansour Alyahyay, Ilka Diester
Summary: The interaction between spontaneous and externally evoked neuronal activity is crucial for a functional brain. Evidence suggests bursts of high-power oscillations in the beta-band may mask perception of external cues, and adjusting vibration amplitude in real time can counterbalance this effect. Mechanistically, beta-power in the somatosensory cortex is found to anticorrelate with sensory evoked responses, and beta-bursts reflect a dynamic state that competes with external stimuli.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Jin Hyung Chung, Sarah W. Bottjer
Summary: The study reveals developmental changes in axonal projections in songbirds during vocal learning, providing pathways for the reintegration of vocal motor output information and aiding in the refinement of juvenile vocalizations. The decline in LMAN-core -> AId projection suggests a loss of efference copy during early sensorimotor learning, while the persistence of the RA -> DLM projection facilitates song production during learning and maintenance stages.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Jordan L. Manes, Ajay S. Kurani, Ellen Herschel, Angela C. Roberts, Kris Tjaden, Todd Parrish, Daniel M. Corcos
Summary: This study investigates the motor cortical activity associated with hypophonia in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The findings suggest that hypoactivation of the premotor cortex (PMd) may contribute to abnormal phonatory control in PD.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Francois M. Lambert, Mathieu Beraneck, Hans Straka, John Simmers
Summary: Neural replicas of the spinal motor commands play an important role in producing gaze-stabilizing eye movements and have been conserved during vertebrate evolution. They provide estimates of the sensory consequences of behavioral action and can counteract the perturbing effects of self-generated head/body motion.
CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Nikos Chalas, Christoph Daube, Daniel S. Kluger, Omid Abbasi, Robert Nitsch, Joachim Gross
Summary: When we listen to someone speak, our brain activity aligns with the incoming acoustic input. This study used magnetoencephalographic recordings to investigate the acoustic events that drive this alignment. The results showed that sustained acoustic fluctuations in the speech envelope were associated with speech-brain coupling in the theta-frequency range, while tracking of speech onsets in the low-frequency delta range was strongest. These findings suggest a temporal dissociation of acoustically driven oscillatory activity in auditory areas during speech tracking.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Haike Dietrich, Cauchy Pradhan, Felix Heidger, Roman Schniepp, Max Wuehr
Summary: This study found that ocular-motor deficits in patients with downbeat nystagmus (DBN) were attenuated and nystagmus frequency was reduced during walking. This suggests that ocular-motor control disturbances are selectively suppressed during locomotion in DBN.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Nandakumar S. Narayanan, Faheem Sheriff, John M. Boyce
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gregg A. Castellucci, Christopher K. Kovach, Matthew A. Howard, Jeremy D. W. Greenlee, Michael A. Long
Summary: During conversation, people take turns speaking and avoid interruption, which requires a remarkable degree of coordination. The latencies between turns, typically about 200 milliseconds, are considerably shorter than those observed in simple word-production tasks, indicating that speakers often plan their responses while listening to their partners. In this study, researchers used intracranial electrocorticography to measure neural activity and identified a planning-related speech network in the brain that is central to natural language generation during social interaction.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jordan L. Schultz, Alivia N. Brinker, Jia Xu, Sarah E. Ernst, Fariba Tayyari, Adam J. Rauckhorst, Lei Liu, Ergun Y. Uc, Eric B. Taylor, Jacob E. Simmering, Vincent A. Magnotta, Michael J. Welsh, Nandakumar S. Narayanan
Summary: This 12-week pilot study in people with PD suggests that terazosin may engage its target and increase ATP levels in the brain and blood. However, mild dizziness/lightheadedness was more common in the terazosin group, leading to dropouts in some participants. Further studies are needed to explore the disease-modifying potential of terazosin.
PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Joel Berger, Karim Johari, Christopher K. Kovach, Jeremy D. W. Greenlee
Summary: The researchers emphasize the significance of considering the influence of microphonic artifact on brain recordings of speech production to ensure accurate interpretation of the data. While the current study examined frequencies up to 250 Hz, the contamination may also be present in spike-related data.
Article
Neurosciences
Gail I. S. Harmata, Aubrey C. Chan, Madison J. Merfeld, Rebecca J. Taugher-Hebl, Anjit K. Harijan, Jason B. Hardie, Rong Fan, Jeffrey D. Long, Grace Z. Wang, Brian J. Dlouhy, Amal K. Bera, Nandakumar S. Narayanan, John A. Wemmie
Summary: Individuals differ in their sensitivity to acute alcohol intoxication, and alcohol effects are complex and may be related to acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs). This study found that ASIC1A plays a role in the intoxicating effects of alcohol, and its absence affects the electrophysiological responses and behavior. These findings suggest that ASICs might contribute to the intoxicating effects of alcohol and AUD in humans.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Masahiro Sawada, Ralph Adolphs, Brian J. Dlouhy, Rick L. Jenison, Ariane E. Rhone, Christopher K. Kovach, Jeremy, D. W. Greenlee, Matthew A. Howard, Hiroyuki Oya
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Anthony J. J. Piscopo, Mark C. C. Dougherty, Timothy R. R. Woodiwiss, Nii-Kwanchie Ankrah, Tyler Hughes, Scott C. C. Seaman, Jarrett E. E. Walsh, Scott M. M. Graham, Jeremy D. W. Greenlee
Summary: Endoscopic repair of skull base defects following intracranial pathology resection is necessary but controversial. This study analyzed 560 procedures on 508 patients over a 15-year period, finding that reconstructive technique, extent of resection, and patient BMI significantly influenced cerebrospinal fluid leak rate.
Article
Neurosciences
Joel Berger, Phillip E. Gander, Yukiko Kikuchi, Christopher Petkov, Sukhbinder Kumar, Christopher Kovach, Hiroyuki Oya, Hiroto Kawasaki, Matthew A. Howard, Timothy D. Griffiths
Summary: This study measured multiunit neural activity in the auditory cortex of intracranially implanted humans, and revealed that responses to pitch stimuli are distributed throughout Heschl's gyrus, regardless of the stimulus presented. This finding bridges the gap between animal and human studies and enhances our understanding of the processing of a critical percept associated with acoustic stimuli.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Arun Singh, Rachel C. Cole, Arturo Espinoza, Jan R. Wessel, James F. Cavanagh, Nandakumar S. Narayanan
Summary: Cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease is associated with abnormal low-frequency cortical rhythms in the mid-frontal region. These rhythms can predict cognitive impairment in PD and may serve as potential biomarkers and targeted therapies for cognitive symptoms.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Anthony J. Piscopo, Brian J. Park, Eli A. Perez, Sara Ternes, Colin Gold, Ryan Carnahan, Satoshi Yamaguchi, Hiroto Kawasaki
Summary: This study retrospectively analyzed cases of symptomatic spinal metastases requiring emergent surgery and found that KPS and Tokuhashi scores were most strongly correlated with 6-month survival. These findings highlight the importance of baseline functional status and overall tumor burden on survival and have implications for preoperative evaluation and surgical decision making for acutely presenting spinal metastases.
WORLD NEUROSURGERY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Shana Harris, Nandakumar S. S. Narayanan, Daniel Tranel
Summary: Black patients are diagnosed with Parkinson's disease at a lower rate than White patients, and the reasons for this disparity are unknown. Practitioner bias surrounding facial expressivity in Black patients may lead to misinterpretation of hypomimia as higher levels of facial expressivity and negative personality traits. This bias in the evaluation of hypomimia could significantly impact referral decisions and diagnosis rates. Exploring these differences is crucial for addressing healthcare disparities and improving detection of Parkinson's disease in Black patients.
NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Andrew Meier, Scott Kuzdeba, Liam Jackson, Ayoub Daliri, Jason A. Tourville, Frank H. Guenther, Jeremy D. W. Greenlee
Summary: This study investigates the spatial and temporal representations of phonological units in spoken language. The researchers found that the encoding of phonological units varies depending on their duration and onset time. The location of strong speech-encoding electrodes also correlates with phonological features.
Article
Neurosciences
Rachel C. Cole, Arturo Espinoza, Arun Singh, Joel Berger, James F. Cavanagh, Jan R. Wessel, Jeremy D. Greenlee, Nandakumar S. Narayanan
Summary: This study investigates the corticostriatal mechanisms underlying novelty-response deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. The results suggest that novel auditory stimuli trigger specific low-frequency rhythms, where 1-4 Hz delta rhythms are associated with slowing response and 4-7 Hz theta rhythms are attenuated in PD patients. Moreover, subthalamic nucleus (STN) neurons show response modulation and coherence with midfrontal 1-4 Hz activity, indicating the involvement of hyperdirect frontobasal ganglia circuits in evaluating new information.
Article
Neurosciences
Yang He, Jun Tang, Meng Zhang, Junjie Ying, Dezhi Mu
Summary: This study investigated the protective effects and mechanisms of human placenta derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs) transplantation in a rat model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). The results showed that hPMSCs transplantation reduced apoptosis and improved long-term neurological prognosis. Furthermore, the downregulation of Sema 3A/NRP-1 expression and activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway played a key role in the protective effects of hPMSCs.
Article
Neurosciences
Emily L. Isenstein, Edward G. Freedman, Jiayi Xu, Ian A. DeAndrea-Lazarus, John J. Foxe
Summary: This study evaluated electrophysiological discrimination of parametric somatosensory stimuli in healthy young adults to understand how the brain processes the duration of tactile information. The results showed that participants did not electrophysiologically discriminate between 100 and 115 ms, but they exhibited distinct electrophysiological responses when the deviant stimuli were 130, 145, and 160 ms. These findings contribute to a better understanding of tactile sensitivity in different clinical conditions.
Article
Neurosciences
Juliana R. Souza, Ludmila Lima-Silveira, Daniela Accorsi-Mendonca, Benedito H. Machado
Summary: This study demonstrates that A2A receptors play a crucial role in modulating synaptic transmission in the NTS neurons and are required for the enhancement of glutamatergic transmission observed under short-term sustained hypoxia conditions.
Article
Neurosciences
Miki Hashizume, Rina Ito, Rie Suge, Yasushi Hojo, Gen Murakami, Takayuki Murakoshi
Summary: The basolateral amygdaloid complex (BLA) is closely involved in the formation of emotional memories, including both aversive memory and contextual fear memory. Acute sleep deprivation (SD) disrupts the acquisition of tone-associated fear memory in juvenile rats, but has no significant effect on contextual fear memory. Slow network oscillation in the amygdala contributes to the formation of amygdala-dependent fear memory in relation to sleep.
Article
Neurosciences
Qunxian Wang, Shipeng Guo, Dongjie Hu, Xiangjun Dong, Zijun Meng, Yanshuang Jiang, Zijuan Feng, Weihui Zhou, Weihong Song
Summary: GSDME plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease by regulating the switch from apoptosis to pyroptosis and participating in neuroinflammatory response. Knockdown of GSDME has been shown to improve cognitive impairments, indicating that GSDME could be a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.
