Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Clara Xiol, Maria Heredia, Ainhoa Pascual-Alonso, Alfonso Oyarzabal, Judith Armstrong
Summary: Rett syndrome (RTT) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with great genetic heterogeneity, evolving towards a spectrum of overlapping phenotypes. To achieve fast and accurate genetic diagnosis, simultaneous multiple gene testing and thorough phenotypic characterization are mandatory. Recent technological advancements, such as whole genome sequencing and omics integration, will contribute to increasing diagnostic yield and expanding knowledge on the pathophysiology of these disorders.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Florencia Haase, Rachna Singh, Brian Gloss, Patrick Tam, Wendy Gold
Summary: Rett syndrome is a rare disorder that causes intellectual disabilities in females, primarily due to mutations in the MeCP2 gene. The molecular pathways from genotype to phenotype are not yet fully understood. Treatment options for Rett syndrome are limited, and there is a lack of common disease drivers, biomarkers, or therapeutic targets. In this study, a meta-analysis of transcriptomic studies identified a module of genes common to multiple datasets, with ten hub genes driving their expression. These genes have the potential to be therapeutic targets for Rett syndrome.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alba-Aina Castells, Rafel Balada, Alba Tristan-Noguero, Mar O'Callaghan, Elisenda Cortes-Saladelafont, Ainhoa Pascual-Alonso, Angels Garcia-Cazorla, Judith Armstrong, Soledad Alcantara
Summary: This study aims to explore potential biomarkers for Rett syndrome and MECP2 duplication syndrome, and establish a foundation for early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. The results suggest the possibility of identifying specific miRNA biomarker panels to aid in stratification of patient groups.
Article
Pediatrics
Honghong Zhang, Yixi Sun, Yuxia Zhu, Jiali Hong, Miaomiao Zheng
Summary: A Chinese girl with Rett syndrome was found to have a heterozygous deletion in exon 4 of the MECP2 gene, leading to a frameshift and premature termination of the protein. The study highlights the importance of prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling for MECP2 defects.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Paolo Petazzi, Olga Caridad Jorge-Torres, Antonio Gomez, Iolanda Scognamiglio, Jordi Serra-Musach, Angelika Merkel, Daniela Grases, Clara Xiol, Mar O'Callaghan, Judith Armstrong, Manel Esteller, Sonia Guil
Summary: Rett syndrome is a severe neurodevelopmental disease caused by mutations in the MeCP2 gene, which affects synaptic plasticity and neuronal activity. The MeCP2 protein is critical for the proper expression of immediate-early genes (IEGs) involved in activity-dependent responses, and abnormal expression of IEGs is found in MeCP2-deficient neurons and in RTT patients. These findings highlight the importance of IEGs in synaptic development and the regulatory role of MeCP2.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yongxin Wen, Jiaping Wang, Qingping Zhang, Xiaoxu Yang, Liping Wei, Xinhua Bao
Summary: This study investigated the presence of MECP2 germline mosaicism in sperm and blood samples of fathers of girls with Rett syndrome (RTT) and healthy adult males. The results showed that 28.1% of fathers of RTT girls and 28.0% of healthy adult males had MECP2 mosaicism in their sperm samples. Additionally, only one father had MECP2 mosaicism in their blood sample. These findings suggest that germline mosaic mutations of MECP2 in sperm and blood samples may contribute to the inheritance of RTT.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Ya-Jie Xu, Pei-Pei Liu, Zhong-Ze Yan, Ting-Wei Mi, Ying-Ying Wang, Qian Li, Zhao-Qian Teng, Chang-Mei Liu
Summary: The study revealed that MECP2 deletion led to reduced neuron numbers and simplified dendritic morphology, while treatment with small molecules KW-2449 and VPA, which activate the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, could alleviate neuronal deficits in RTT models. These findings suggest that KW-2449 and VPA may be promising drugs for the treatment of Rett syndrome.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Catarina Miranda-Lourenco, Jessica Rosa, Nadia Rei, Rita F. Belo, Ana Luisa Lopes, Diogo Silva, Catia Vieira, Teresa Magalhaes-Cardoso, Ricardo Viais, Paulo Correia-de-Sa, Ana M. Sebastiao, Maria J. Diogenes
Summary: This study reveals significant changes in the BDNF and adenosine signaling pathways in a milder phenotype model of Rett Syndrome, suggesting that enhancing adenosinergic activity may be an effective therapeutic strategy for RTT patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jian Zhou, Hamdan Hamdan, Hari Krishna Yalamanchili, Kaifang Pang, Amy E. Pohodich, Joanna Lopez, Yingyao Shao, Juan A. Oses-Prieto, Lifang Li, Wonho Kim, Mark A. Durham, Sameer S. Bajikar, Donna J. Palmer, Philip Ng, Michelle L. Thompson, E. Martina Bebin, Amelie J. Mueller, Alma Kuechler, Antje Kampmeier, Tobias B. Haack, Alma L. Burlingame, Zhandong Liu, Matthew N. Rasband, Huda Y. Zoghbi
Summary: MeCP2 plays a critical role in Rett syndrome and MECP2 duplication syndrome. It interacts with a transcription factor, TCF20, at the chromatin interface, and together they regulate the expression of neuronal genes. Reduction of TCF20 partially rescues the behavioral deficits caused by MECP2 overexpression. A patient with a mutation in the PHF14 subunit of the TCF20 complex, disrupting the MeCP2-PHF14-TCF20 interaction, exhibits Rett-like neurological features.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ainhoa Pascual-Alonso, Antonio F. Martinez-Monseny, Clara Xiol, Judith Armstrong
Summary: Mutations in the MECP2 gene can lead to Rett syndrome, primarily affecting females, while males can have a wide range of clinical presentations. In addition, there are unknown variants in MECP2 that complicate diagnosis. Unlike RTT, MECP2 duplication syndrome predominantly affects males and is usually inherited from the mother.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Elena Albizzati, Elena Florio, Federica Miramondi, Irene Sormonta, Nicoletta Landsberger, Angelisa Frasca
Summary: This study investigated the cytoskeletal features of astrocytes in Mecp2 deficient brains and found that Mecp2 deficiency causes structural and molecular alterations in astrocytes. These alterations progress with the severity of symptoms and occur differently in different cerebral regions, highlighting the importance of considering heterogeneity when studying astrocytes in Rett syndrome.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Giorgia Tascini, Giovanni Battista Dell'Isola, Elisabetta Mencaroni, Giuseppe Di Cara, Pasquale Striano, Alberto Verrotti
Summary: Rett Syndrome is a rare and severe X-linked developmental brain disorder that primarily affects females. Sleep disorders are common in individuals with Rett Syndrome and have an impact on their development and families, but evidence for their management is limited.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Linda Scaramuzza, Giuseppina De Rocco, Genni Desiato, Clementina Cobolli Gigli, Martina Chiacchiaretta, Filippo Mirabella, Davide Pozzi, Marco De Simone, Paola Conforti, Massimiliano Pagani, Fabio Benfenati, Fabrizia Cesca, Francesco Bedogni, Nicoletta Landsberger
Summary: MECP2 mutations cause Rett syndrome, affecting females and altering early brain development. Increasing neuronal activity may delay specific RTT phenotypes.
EMBO MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Eugene J. Gardner, Alejandro Sifrim, Sarah J. Lindsay, Elena Prigmore, Diana Rajan, Petr Danecek, Giuseppe Gallone, Ruth Y. Eberhardt, Hilary C. Martin, Caroline F. Wright, David R. FitzPatrick, Helen Firth, Matthew E. Hurles
Summary: Structural variations (SVs) are genetic alterations larger than 50 bp that can lead to genetic diseases, and are often missed by conventional diagnostic methods. By using the InDelible tool, researchers were able to identify rare damaging variants in genes associated with developmental disorders, improving diagnostic yield and potentially expanding understanding of genetic diseases.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Galina Portnova, Anastasia Neklyudova, Victoria Voinova, Olga Sysoeva
Summary: This study compared EEG activity between girls with Rett syndrome and typically developing peers, and identified several EEG parameters that differentiated the groups. Only elevated generalized background slowing and a newly introduced frequency rate index showed significant correlation with Rett syndrome progression and breathing irregularities.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Yvonne Yee Lok Lai, Jenny Anne Downs, Kingsley Wong, Sobia Zafar, Laurence James Walsh, Helen Margaret Leonard
Summary: Based on a retrospective observational study of 216 individuals with Rett syndrome, it was found that almost all patients had parafunctional habits, and 66.2% of them exhibited bruxism, with a significant genotypic association. Additionally, there was a higher frequency of snoring among individuals who constantly exhibited nocturnal bruxism.
Article
Rehabilitation
Wai Chen, Amy Epstein, Michele Toner, Nada Murphy, Daniel Rudaizky, Jenny Downs
Summary: The purpose of this study was to examine the experiences of young people successfully managing life with ADHD and investigate the applicability of adult models of Recovery to these individuals. The findings suggest that recovery for young people with ADHD is not a linear journey, but rather a continuous process of adjustment and adaptation. They face both internal and external challenges and develop internal and external resilience to make progress.
DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jenny Downs, A. Marie Blackmore, Kingsley Wong, Nicholas Buckley, Meir Lotan, Cochavit Elefant, Helen Leonard, Michelle Stahlhut
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of a physical activity programme on sedentary behaviour and physical activity in ambulant individuals with Rett syndrome (RTT). The results showed that a goal-based telehealth intervention seemed to produce small improvements in physical activity for individuals with RTT, but more support is needed to increase their low physical activity levels.
DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Aysha Stroobach, Andrew C. Wilson, Jenny Lam, Graham L. Hall, Adelaide Withers, Jenny Downs
Summary: This study aims to explore the barriers and enablers to the participation of children and adolescents with neuromuscular disorders and their parents. The findings suggest that meaningful participation is related to personal factors such as the child's sense of self, preferences, and competence. Factors such as adaptive equipment and activity modification, social relationships, inclusion, accessibility, social attitudes, and policies can either enable or hinder participation.
DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Correction
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kingsley Wong, Mohammed Junaid, Scott Demarest, Jacinta Saldaris, Tim A. Benke, Eric D. Marsh, Jenny Downs, Helen Leonard
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kingsley Wong, Mohammed Junaid, Scott Demarest, Jacinta Saldaris, Tim A. Benke, Eric D. Marsh, Jenny Downs, Helen Leonard
Summary: This study investigated the influence of factors at birth and in infancy on the likelihood of achieving major motor milestones in CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder (CDD). The study found that female gender, late truncating variant, and mosaicism positively impacted the likelihood of independent sitting. Later seizure onset and experiencing a honeymoon period also improved the likelihood of independent sitting.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Elizabeth Roe, Lynn Jensen, Amy Finlay-Jones, Scott W. White, Kingsley Wong, Helen Leonard, Leon Straker, Jenny Downs
Summary: This study aimed to investigate developmental trajectories and predictors of class assignment in early childhood. The findings revealed that premature birth and being male were associated with poorer development, while lack of breastfeeding was related to lower trajectories in adaptive and personal-social domains. The study highlights the importance of developmental surveillance for premature infants and support for breastfeeding as a protective mechanism for child development.
AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF EARLY CHILDHOOD
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Cayla Kay, Helen Leonard, Jeremy Smith, Kingsley Wong, Jenny Downs
Summary: This study examined the relationship between genotype, functional abilities, comorbidities, and anxiety and depression in individuals with Rett syndrome. The findings suggest that genotype and sleep have implications for mental health in Rett syndrome patients, highlighting the importance of proactive management of sleep issues to improve mental well-being.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Kingsley Wong, George Davies, Helen Leonard, Jenny Downs, Mohammed Junaid, Sam Amin
Summary: This study aims to compare the growth of individuals with CDKL5 deficiency disorder with population norms and examine the impact of gastrostomy on growth. The results show that all growth parameters, including weight, height, BMI, and head circumference, were below the general population norm. The study also reveals that individuals with gastrostomy placement experienced a more significant decrease in growth.
DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Nada Murphy, Madhur Ravikumara, Mary Butterworth, Emma Glasson, Catherine Rennison, Bree Prevett, Jayne Fitzpatrick, Wayne Phillips, Christel Burton, Jenny Downs
Summary: This study describes the collaborative process of developing a resource to assist parents considering gastrostomy tube placement for their children, and evaluates the resource. The findings suggest that the resource received positive feedback from parents and could be a valuable adjunct to clinical care.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Dani John Cherian, Daniel Ta, Jeremy Smith, Jenny Downs, Helen Leonard
Summary: This study explores how parents of children with MDS manage their child's seizures, recurrent respiratory infections, and gastrointestinal symptoms, and the impact on them as parents. The findings suggest that these children require complex 24-hour care, and parents develop complex skillsets to deliver this care. This has an impact on parent mental and physical health, family dynamics, and finances.