Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mingzhu Yan, Zhi Wang, Tianji Xia, Suwei Jin, Yongguang Liu, Hongbo Hu, Qi Chang
Summary: This study investigated the role of ER-phagy in APA-induced liver injury (AILI) and found that delayed treatment with glycyrrhizin (GCM) can promote liver recovery by enhancing ER-phagy.
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Yoon Mee Yang, Ekihiro Seki
Summary: The study shows that intracellular ER stress can be transmitted to neighboring hepatocytes through connexin 43, leading to exacerbated ER stress and promoting hepatosteatosis and insulin resistance.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Khrystyna Platko, Paul F. Lebeau, Joshua P. Nederveen, Jae Hyun Byun, Melissa E. MacDonald, Jacqueline M. Bourgeois, Mark A. Tarnopolsky, Richard C. Austin
Summary: Metabolic syndrome affects a large number of individuals worldwide and is a major cause of health problems. Obesity is at the core of metabolic abnormalities associated with MetS. This study found that a metabolic enhancer composed of seven naturally occurring antioxidants and mitochondrial enhancing agents improved obesity, hepatic steatosis, and atherogenic serum profile in mice. The findings suggest that the components of the metabolic enhancer have a positive, protective effect on obesity, hepatic steatosis, and cardiovascular risk similar to exercise training.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hasan Simsek, Sefa Kucukler, Cihan Gur, Nurhan Akaras, Fatih Mehmet Kandemir
Summary: Lead acetate is a dangerous toxic heavy metal that can cause kidney damage in both humans and animals. Sinapic acid, a compound found in fruits and vegetables, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. This study used biochemical, molecular, and histological methods to investigate the effects of sinapic acid on lead acetate-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. The results showed that sinapic acid attenuated the kidney damage caused by lead acetate, improving renal function and reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy damage.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hasan Simsek, Sefa Kucukler, Cihan Gur, Nurhan Akaras, Fatih Mehmet Kandemir
Summary: Sinapic acid (SNP) can attenuate lead acetate-induced nephrotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy damage.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Rajkumar Theagarajan, Bir Bhanu
Summary: This paper proposes a novel defense strategy using an ensemble of iterative adversarial image purifiers to protect black box classifiers from adversarial attacks, and validates their performance using Bayesian uncertainties. The approach consistently detects adversarial examples and purifies or rejects them.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nousheen Bibi, Ayesha Farid, Sana Gul, Johar Ali, Farhat Amin, Umesh Kalathiya, Ted Hupp
Summary: COVID-19 vaccine will help attenuate the disease progression rates, but its distribution may pose challenges and delays. Repurposed drugs against SARS-CoV-2 could be an attractive strategy, especially in poorly-resourced countries. This study conducted virtual screening of broad-spectrum antiviral agents against key proteins of SARS-CoV-2, identifying drugs with high binding affinities to multiple targets.
JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amy R. Gordon, Johan N. Lundstrom, Bruce A. Kimball, Bianka Karshikoff, Kimmo Sorjonen, John Axelsson, Mats Lekander, Mats J. Olsson
Summary: Experimental activation of the immune system in healthy individuals can cause their body odor to be perceived as more aversive, potentially triggering behavioral avoidance of sick individuals.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qiaoqiao Lv, Xifeng Li, Baofang Fan, Cheng Zhu, Zhixiang Chen
Summary: Glucosinolates are important secondary metabolites in Brassicales plants, playing a critical role in chemical defense. They are chemically inactive but can be hydrolyzed by myrosinases to produce toxic compounds, forming the glucosinolate-myrosinase defense system. Research has revealed that Brassicales plants have complex biosynthetic pathways for glucosinolate production and different classes of myrosinases with distinct catalytic mechanisms and substrate specificity. Progress has been made in understanding the cellular and subcellular organization of the glucosinolate-myrosinase system, especially in the detonation of the mustard oil bomb after tissue damage caused by herbivores and pathogens.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Philma Glora Muthuraj, Chandan Krishnamoorthy, Ann Anderson-Berry, Corrine Hanson, Sathish Kumar Natarajan
Summary: Zika virus (ZIKV) is a positive-sense single strand RNA virus from the Flaviviridae family. It can cause congenital anomalies when transmitted from mother to fetus and there is currently no approved vaccine or therapeutic drug. This review article summarizes recent advances in ZIKV transmission and diagnosis, as well as the use of nutraceuticals and therapeutic nutrient molecules to protect against ZIKV infection.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yang Yang, Hui Chen, Yue Wan, Diandian Dong, Xiaofang Wang, Songhui Yao, Pengjun Wang, Shensi Xiang, Xiaoming Yang, Miao Yu
Summary: Researchers found that HPS transcription is induced by ER stress and fasting/refeeding stimuli in hepatocytes. In vitro experiments showed that HPS deficiency sensitizes hepatocytes to ER stress-related cytotoxicity, while HPS treatment altered these phenotypes. In vivo experiments demonstrated that HPS deficiency exacerbates fasting/refeeding-induced ER stress, while preliminary administration of HPS ameliorates liver steatosis, cell death, and inflammation. The administration of an ER stress inhibitor alleviated steatohepatitis in HPS-deficient mice fed with methionine- and choline-deficient diet.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Carlos A. Labarrere, Ghassan S. Kassab
Summary: The rapid outbreak of COVID-19 has become a global pandemic, requiring urgent development of new prophylactic and therapeutic approaches. Understanding the host's immune response is crucial to combatting the virus effectively and preventing severe complications.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhaolin Gao, Min Li, Fei Yao, Xiaobo Xia, Tianqi Duan, Jingzhuo Meng, Yanxia Huang, Ye He, Adonira Saro, Jufang Huang
Summary: The study investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of valdecoxib on retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury and oxygen-glucose deprivation/recovery injury. The results showed that valdecoxib protected R28 cells by reducing cell apoptosis and exerted a protective effect on retinas by inhibiting retinal ganglion cell apoptosis. In addition, valdecoxib reversed the expression of certain proteins induced by glaucomatous model and the reversal was mediated by the PERK-ATF4-CHOP pathway. These findings suggest that valdecoxib protects against glaucomatous injury by inhibiting ER stress-induced apoptosis via the PERK-ATF4-CHOP pathway.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Fanghui Chen, Le Sheng, Chenjie Xu, Jun Li, Ilyas Ali, Honglin Li, Yafei Cai
Summary: The study uncovered the crucial role of Ufbp1 in ketosis-induced liver fibrosis, where its deficiency led to Smad3 activation, increased ER stress, and enhanced hepatocyte apoptosis, resulting in liver fibrosis. Ufbp1 plays a protective role in ketosis-induced liver injury.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Nan Li, Bao-Jin Yi, Muhammad Asmat Ullah Saleem, Xue-Nan Li, Jin Long Li
Summary: This study investigates the role of autophagy in cadmium-induced cytotoxicity in bird hepatocytes. Low-dose cadmium activates autophagy, reducing oxidative stress and cell death, while high-dose cadmium inhibits autophagy and promotes apoptosis. The autophagy agonist Rapamycin reduces cadmium-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity, while the autophagy inhibitor 3-Methyladenine has the opposite effect.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2023)
