Journal
ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 109, Issue 2, Pages 179-185Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-015-0619-8
Keywords
Ginseng; Ginsenoside; Ketonization; Transformation; Anticancer
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Funding
- Korea Institute of Planning & Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries (KIPET) [313038-03-1-SB010]
- Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program (SSAC), Republic of Korea [PJ009529032014]
- Institute of Planning & Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries (iPET), Republic of Korea [313038033SB010] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
- Rural Development Administration (RDA), Republic of Korea [PJ012034012016, PJ009529032014] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Ginseng has been used for thousands of years in Asian countries as a traditional medicinal herb and has gained great popularity in the past decade. Ginsenosides are the major pharmacological components in ginseng. We here show that Cladosporium cladosporioide is able to convert the major ginsenoside Rb1 into four known metabolites (ginsenosides Rd, F2, CK and PPD) and two new metabolites [12 beta-hydroxydammar-3-one-20(S)-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside (3-oxo-CK) and dammar-24-en-12 beta,20(S)-diol-3-one (3-oxo-PPD)]. CK, PPD and 3-oxo-PPD were shown to have a potent antiproliferative activity against A549 lung cancer cells. We found that Rb1 -> Rd -> F2 -> CK -> PPD or 3-oxo-CK -> 3-oxo-PPD represents the ginsenoside metabolic pathway.
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