Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michael Stock, Georg Schett
Summary: Vitamin K and Vitamin K-dependent proteins play crucial roles in blood coagulation and are also important in skeletal biology and diseases. These proteins have diverse roles in controlling calcification and turnover in bone and cartilage.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniela-Saveta Popa, Galya Bigman, Marius Emil Rusu
Summary: Vitamin K plays a crucial role in antiaging, preventing age-related diseases, and improving bone health, cardiovascular health, brain physiology, and cancer resistance. Additionally, vitamin K-dependent protein S can also prevent cytokine storm in COVID-19 cases, indicating its potential in mitigating severe outcomes in such patients.
Review
Cell Biology
Kalaimani Elango, Awad Javaid, Banveet K. Khetarpal, Sathishkumar Ramalingam, Krishna Prasad Kolandaivel, Kulothungan Gunasekaran, Chowdhury Ahsan
Summary: Warfarin has been used for anticoagulation for decades, but one of its lesser-known long-term side effects is an increase in systemic arterial calcification. Studies have shown that DOACs may have an advantage over warfarin in slowing the progression of vascular calcification, highlighting the potential benefits of DOACs in comparison.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jijnasa Bordoloi, Dibyajyoti Ozah, Thaneswar Bora, Jatin Kalita, Prasenjit Manna
Summary: This study found that Gla-Gas6 levels were lower in hyperlipidemic subjects and inversely correlated with pro-inflammatory markers MCP-1 and ICAM-1, while positively correlated with plasma VK levels. Increasing VK levels may mitigate hyperlipidemia-associated inflammation by enhancing Gla-Gas6. Animal studies showed that VK supplementation dose-dependently reduced inflammation markers and increased Gla-Gas6.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Michael A. A. Mong
Summary: Vitamin K plays a unique and potentially important role in the visual system, separate from its hepatic carboxylation of proteins. However, there has been a lack of review articles on this topic in medical literature. Recent studies have shown that vitamin K-dependent protein MGP is crucial for regulating intraocular pressure. A randomized trial demonstrated a significant reduction in the risk of cataract surgery with higher dietary vitamin K1 intake. The specific requirements and optimized status of vitamin K for the eye and visual system are currently unknown and require further investigation.
Review
Urology & Nephrology
Nadine Kaesler, Leon J. Schurgers, Jurgen Floege
Summary: Vitamin K, particularly K2, plays a role in activating the most potent inhibitor of cardiovascular calcifications. Patients with chronic kidney disease are often deficient in vitamin K and may experience accelerated cardiovascular calcifications. High-dose supplementation with vitamin K2 may reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases, but further research is needed to confirm these benefits.
KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Marcel Palamar, Iulia Grosu, Adalbert Schiller, Ligia Petrica, Madalina Bodea, Alexandru Sircuta, Cornel Rusan, Daniela Maria Tanasescu, Flaviu Bob
Summary: Vitamin K deficiency is associated with CKD-MBD, and the status of vitamin K can be indirectly assessed by measuring VKDP levels. The use of certain medications and vitamin D supplementation may affect the absorption and requirements of vitamin K.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Turgay Saritas, Sebastian Reinartz, Thilo Krueger, Markus Ketteler, Orfeas Liangos, Laura Labriola, Peter Stenvinkel, Christoph Kopp, Ralf Westenfeld, Pieter Evenepoel, Robert Siepmann, Stephanie Wied, Ralf-Dieter Hilgers, Leon Schurgers, Juergen Floege
Summary: Vitamin K1 intervention is a safe, potent, and cost-effective approach to reduce cardiovascular calcification in chronic dialysis patients.
CLINICAL KIDNEY JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sofia Dahlberg, Ulf Schott, Emilia Angeby Eriksson, Yllnor Tahirsylaj, Leon Schurgers, Thomas Kander
Summary: Vitamin K1 was evaluated for its effects on critically ill patients with prolonged Owren PT, showing that it strengthens coagulation by reducing PT and increasing the activity of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, but not to normal levels.
Article
Immunology
Anton S. M. Dofferhoff, Ianthe Piscaer, Leon J. Schurgers, Margot P. J. Visser, Jody M. W. van den Ouweland, Pim A. de Jong, Reinoud Gosens, Tilman M. Hackeng, Henny van Daal, Petra Lux, Cecile Maassen, Esther G. A. Karssemeijer, Cees Vermeer, Emiel F. M. Wouters, Loes E. M. Kistemaker, Jona Walk, Rob Janssen
Summary: The study found significantly elevated levels of dp-ucMGP in COVID-19 patients, indicating extrahepatic vitamin K insufficiency that was associated with poor outcomes. Hepatic procoagulant factor II levels remained normal, suggesting pneumonia-induced extrahepatic vitamin K depletion in COVID-19 patients leading to accelerated elastic fiber damage and thrombosis.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Joline W. J. Beulens, Elisa Dal Canto, Coen D. A. Stehouwer, Roger J. M. W. Rennenberg, Petra J. M. Elders, Adriana Johanne van Ballegooijen
Summary: This study found that high vitamin K status was only associated with decreased LVMI in women, while vitamin K intake was not associated with any cardiac structure or function measures.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Margot P. J. Visser, Jona Walk, Cees Vermeer, Simona Bilkova, Rob Janssen, Otto Mayer
Summary: This study demonstrates normal vitamin K status prior to infection in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients, supporting the theory of increased utilisation during disease.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Daan Kremer, Dion Groothof, Charlotte A. Keyzer, Coby Eelderink, Tim J. Knobbe, Adrian Post, Marco van Londen, Michele F. Eisenga, Leon J. Schurgers, Stefan P. Berger, Martin H. de Borst, Stephan J. L. Bakker
Summary: The study found that dp-ucMGP is strongly associated with kidney function, with higher eGFR linked to lower dp-ucMGP concentrations. After kidney transplantation, levels of dp-ucMGP significantly decreased.
Review
Biology
Marko Kumric, Josip A. Borovac, Tina Ticinovic Kurir, Dinko Martinovic, Ivan Frka Separovic, Ljupka Baric, Josko Bozic
Summary: MGP is considered an important inhibitor of vascular calcification, with its functionality depending on phosphorylation and carboxylation. Dysfunctional species of MGP, such as dephosphorylated-uncarboxylated MGP, may serve as biomarkers for microvascular health and play a role in clinical decision making regarding initiation of vitamin K supplementation.
Review
Physiology
Patrycja Grzejszczak, Ilona Kurnatowska
Summary: Vitamin K2 deficiency is common in CKD patients, but there is limited evidence to support the efficacy of vitamin K2 supplementation in reducing arterial calcification progression and bone complications. Further prospective studies are needed to better understand the role of vitamin K2 in CKD population.
KIDNEY & BLOOD PRESSURE RESEARCH
(2021)