Article
Engineering, Chemical
Hyeonkang Park, Chang-Soo Han, Chun-Woong Park, Kibum Kim
Summary: This study investigates the effects of mouthpiece designs in carrier-based dry powder inhalation on aerosol particle characteristics. It is found that a mouthpiece with a spiral channel and mixing chamber is effective in delivering drug particles uniformly to the peripheral target regions of the respiratory system under low flow velocities.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Hyeonkang Park, Chang-Soo Han, Chun-Woong Park, Kibum Kim
Summary: This study investigates the effects of adding bypass holes in a dry powder inhaler on aerosol particle characteristics. The direction, size, and position of the bypass holes in the inhaler passage were found to significantly influence the spray output. Adding bypass holes decreased the mean penetration length of drug particles by 12%, but simultaneously increased the spray angle by 35%, resulting in a significant decrease in forward particle momentum.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kaveh Ahookhosh, Maysam Saidi, Mousa Mohammadpourfard, Habib Aminfar, Hamed Hamishehkar, Ali Farnoud, Otmar Schmid
Summary: Inhalation therapy is crucial for the management of respiratory diseases, and pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDIs) are a popular drug delivery device. Computational study on flow structure inside pMDI and deposition of micron-sized particles in human airway model revealed significant impact of inhalation air flow rate and inhaler geometry on deposition patterns.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Daniel Primavessy, Julia Metz, Sabrina Schnur, Marc Schneider, Claus-Michael Lehr, Marius Hittinger
Summary: Advanced in vitro systems combine mechanical-physical instruments with biological components, which is advantageous for aerosol testing. This article focuses on the development of in vitro instruments targeting the exposure of aerosols on cell cultures. The future perspective is to replace animal experiments and predict human relevant data.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS AND BIOPHARMACEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
G. H. Spasov, R. Rossi, A. Vanossi, C. Cottini, A. Benassi
Summary: Recent advances in human respiratory system characterization and multi-phase flow dynamics have made numerical simulations important for studying aerosol deposition in the lungs. However, the development of an efficient numerical and mathematical description is still a challenge, as identifying critical aspects of the modeling and determining which details are irrelevant is difficult.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Dustin R. Ray, Debendra K. Das
Summary: In this study, two new correlations based on velocity and fRe criteria were developed for the hydrodynamic entrance length in rectangular microchannels with low Reynolds numbers (Re < 100) using a vast amount of numerical data.
Article
Toxicology
Richard A. Corley, Andrew P. Kuprat, Sarah R. Suffield, Senthil Kabilan, Paul M. Hinderliter, Kevin Yugulis, Tharacad S. Ramanarayanan
Summary: Regulatory agencies are exploring alternative approaches for assessing inhalation toxicity using in vitro studies and in silico modeling instead of animal studies. Computational models were used to estimate deposition of inhaled aerosols in rats and humans, finding that particles in the 1-5 μm range easily penetrated the human lung while larger particles deposited mainly in the upper airways. The research also calculated local tissue dose metrics following repeated occupational exposure, showing potential for reducing reliance on animal studies for risk assessments.
TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Jesus Talavera-Lopez, Oscar Saez-Mengual, Maria-Josefa Fernandez-del-Palacio
Summary: This study compares the effects of inhaled and oral corticosteroids in dogs with cough and tracheal collapse. The results show that inhaled fluticasone is effective in controlling cough in dogs with tracheal collapse without side effects. This encourages the use of inhaled fluticasone in dogs with cough and tracheal collapse.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yu Xie, Qiang Chen, Guoming Huang, Yujun Wang, Weiguo Hu, Zhengren Yan, Xin Wang, Juan Huang, Mingtang Gao, Weiyang Fei, Guangsheng Luo
Summary: This study utilized two membrane dispersion microreactors in series to synthesize piperacillin with low impurity content in kilogram scale. By scaling up membrane size and reaction time, the synthesis scale per batch increased significantly. The final piperacillin product met pharmacopeia requirements with high yield and purity.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Dale Farkas, Morgan L. Thomas, Amr Hassan, Serena Bonasera, Michael Hindle, Worth Longest
Summary: This study evaluated the in vitro aerosol performance of a dry powder antibiotic product in pediatric subjects aged 2-10 years. The results showed that the product nearly eliminated extrathoracic depositional loss, demonstrated high efficiency nose-to-lung antibiotic aerosol delivery, and had little variability across subject age and administered air volume.
PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Guilherme Anrain Lindner, Sanja Miskovic
Summary: Radioactive Particle Tracking (RPT) is a non-invasive experimental technique that tracks the motion of a gamma-emitting radionuclide. A new software, GIPPE-RPT, has been introduced to make this technique more accessible to users, offering a user-friendly interface and versatile simulations.
APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yiying Wang, Qiangen Wu, Baiping Ren, Levan Muskhelishvili, Kelly Davis, Rebecca Wynne, Diego Rua, Xuefei Cao
Summary: This study investigated the toxicity of glutaraldehyde (GA) on human airway tissue using an in vitro exposure system that simulated inhalation exposure. Results showed that exposure to GA aerosols caused oxidative stress, inhibition of ciliary beating frequency, aberrant mucin production, and disturbance of cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase secretion. Some effects persisted following the recovery period.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
XinTian, Xiaofeng Zhang, Yi Feng, Xiaolong Gao, Xuan Hao, Junru Zhang, Yunhong Long, RongFang, Shumiao Zhang, Ling Li
Summary: This study found that astragaloside IV (ASIV) can alleviate pulmonary arterial pressure in rats with PAH, inhibit the increase of inflammatory cytokines, promote cell apoptosis, and reduce cell proliferation.
APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Pascal Puentener, Marcel Schuck, Johann W. Kolar
Summary: The study conducted a comparative analysis of computational fluid dynamics simulations and in vitro hemolysis examinations of a bearingless centrifugal blood pump. Results showed that a double-stage model achieved the highest correlation, with cell destruction mainly occurring in the radial gap of the pump. Modifying design parameters can improve cell compatibility. The study highlights the limitations and benefits of using CFD models in interpreting in vitro test outcomes.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Biophysics
Mahsa Jahed, Janusz Kozinski, Leila Pakzad
Summary: This study used computational fluid dynamics simulations to investigate the effect of two different nozzle types on drug deposition in the mouth-throat region. The study found that the actuator structure significantly impacts the device's efficacy.
BIOMECHANICS AND MODELING IN MECHANOBIOLOGY
(2023)