Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Luca H. Fuller, Kourosh F. Karimy, Paige L. Ruschke, Meredith M. Taghon, Alfred J. Crosby, Seth W. Donahue
Summary: This study reveals that the velar bone tissue in bighorn sheep rams' horncore has energy absorption capabilities, which helps reduce brain cavity accelerations during high-energy head impacts. The study also found that the velar bone tissue has lower flexibility and toughness compared to other mammalian cortical bone tissues. The presence of osteons in the velar bone, which are rarely found in trabecular struts, was also discovered. These findings can contribute to a better understanding of how bighorn sheep avoid brain injuries during head-to-head impacts.
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
(2023)
Article
Humanities, Multidisciplinary
Qiangqiang Pei, Xiaoying Liu, Zhichun Hou, Guojing Zhao, Bo Zhang, Qinglin Guo
Summary: This study examines the mechanism of energy transfer and dissipation in ramming and establishes a model and empirical formula for ramming quality, laying thickness, and ramming times. The results show that increasing the mass of the rammer expands the influence range of impact stress, but energy dissipates faster in the horizontal direction. The traditional stacked ramming technique effectively eliminates defects during the ramming process.
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Noor Elyana Ahmad Fawzi, Norhafiza Mat Lazim, Mohd Ezane Aziz, Zahiruddin Wan Mohammad, Baharudin Abdullah
Summary: The study analyzed 400 sides of CTPNS from 200 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and found that agger nasi cells were the most common frontal cell variants, followed by supra bulla cells and supra bulla frontal cells. Besides agger nasi cells, supraorbital ethmoidal cells and frontal septal cells were significantly associated with the development of frontal sinusitis.
EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF OTO-RHINO-LARYNGOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Steven Kennedy Dennis, Toby O. Steele, Amarbir S. Gill, Joshua C. Hwang, Kamron S. Sarhadi, Karmtej S. Cheema, Sukhkaran S. Aulakh, Machelle D. Wilson, E. Bradley Strong
Summary: This study evaluates radiologic indicators, sinus reaeration rates, and complication rates for nonsurgical treatment of frontal sinus outflow tract fractures. The results show high reaeration rates (91%-98%) and low rates of rescue surgery (2%) and complications (2%), suggesting that nonsurgical management is a viable strategy for nonobstructed fractures. No clear radiographic features were identified to predict sinus reaeration.
OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Murat Sakir Eksi, Mustafa Guduk, Murat Imre Usseli
Summary: The study found gender differences in skull bone thickness and frontal sinus size, with women having thicker frontal bones and men having larger frontal sinuses.
JOURNAL OF CRANIOFACIAL SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Robert S. Spaan, Clinton W. Epps, Rachel Crowhurst, Donald Whittaker, Mike Cox, Adam Duarte
Summary: Determining the demographic impacts of wildlife disease is complex due to various factors that may interact with disease. Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae infection is linked to persistent mortality in juvenile bighorn sheep, with survival probability being influenced by various factors such as nutrition, population density, genetic variation, and forage suitability. The presence of M. ovipneumoniae can significantly affect juvenile survival in certain populations, but other factors like genetic diversity and nutrition have little influence.
Article
Ecology
J. Terrill Paterson, Kelly Proffitt, Jay Rotella, Douglas McWhirter, Robert Garrott
Summary: Research on bighorn sheep populations reveals significant variation in vital rates, with evidence of overall decline in 9 out of 17 populations and various combinations of vital rates leading to positive population trajectories. The contribution of lamb survival to population growth rates is significant, and environmental factors play a key role in influencing lamb survival.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Limoilou-Amelie Renaud, Marco Festa-Bianchet, Fanie Pelletier
Summary: In species with long gestation periods like bighorn sheep, autumn temperature and precipitation drive the timing of parturition, while vegetation phenology does not have a significant impact. The mismatch between individual parturition date and spring green-up fluctuates over time but does not show a clear trend, and it negatively affects lamb weaning mass. The study suggests that the consequences of phenological mismatch on fitness may vary depending on the species' life history, emphasizing the complexity in assessing trophic mismatches under the context of climate change.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Connor Laliberte, Anne Devan-Song, Julia D. Burco, Claire E. Couch, Morgan F. Gentzkow, Robert S. Spaan, Clinton W. Epps, Brianna R. Beechler
Summary: In species with high variability in offspring survival compared to adult survival, such as bighorn sheep, maternal investment indicators can help understand life history trade-offs and predict population dynamics. The measurement of biochemical parameters in maternal blood samples can provide simple predictors of juvenile survival, aiding in the identification of at-risk populations or individuals. Our study found that high serum beta-hydroxybutyric acid (beta-HBA) concentration in adult bighorn sheep mothers leads to lower juvenile survival rates during the subsequent spring and summer, indicating a negative energy balance. However, this correlation was not observed with adult survival. These findings suggest that even with good maternal body condition, short-term caloric deficit can decrease investment in offspring survival, potentially protecting adult females from investing heavily when resources are limited.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marie I. Tosa, Mark J. Biel, Tabitha A. Graves
Summary: Sociality has a direct impact on mating success, survival rates, and disease transmission in bighorn sheep. The study found that the rates of direct contact between individuals were influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, as well as prior disease exposure. Same-sex dyads had more direct contacts than female-male dyads, and groups with overlapping summer home ranges had the highest direct contact rates.
Article
Ecology
Alynn M. Martin, E. Frances Cassirer, Lisette P. Waits, Raina K. Plowright, Paul C. Cross, Kimberly R. Andrews
Summary: The study suggests that genetic composition may influence the persistent carriage of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae in bighorn sheep, with SNP panel explaining around 55% of the phenotypic variance in carriage. However, there is considerable uncertainty in these estimates, and further research incorporating larger sample sizes and different herds is needed to explore the genomic basis of chronic carriage.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Masaki Sawada, Saya Suetake, Hiroshi Yamada, Masaaki Higashino, Susumu Abe, Eiji Tanaka
Summary: This study investigated the impact of orthodontic treatment on the frontal sinus development of adult females. Results showed that orthodontic treatment did not affect frontal sinus development after growth.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yen-Huai Lin, Yu-Tai Shih, Michael Mu Huo Teng
Summary: The study found a significant association between osteosarcopenia and fragility fractures, especially when considering high-fracture-risk osteopenia and osteoporosis. Women with osteosarcopenia were more likely to have previously sustained a fracture compared to those without osteosarcopenia, with sarcopenia alone, and with osteoporosis alone.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Surgery
Adetokunbo Obayemi, Tasher Losenegger, Sallie Long, Daniel Spielman, Michael F. Casiano, Gwendolyn Reeve, Ashutosh Kacker, Michael Stewart, Anthony Sclafani
Summary: Fractures of the frontal sinus account for a small percentage of all facial fractures, but surgical intervention is aimed at minimizing serious consequences rather than exclusively high kinetic energy injuries. A study of 1944 patients found that many cases were caused by low energy injuries, highlighting the need for continued follow-up to prevent long-term sinus dysfunction.
JOURNAL OF CRANIOFACIAL SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Kachorn Seresirikachorn, Andrea Sit, Lu Hui Png, Larry Kalish, Raewyn G. G. Campbell, Raquel Alvarado, Richard J. J. Harvey
Summary: Due to the complexity and variety of the frontal recess and sinus anatomy, traditional Draf 2a frontal sinus surgery is challenging. Carolyn's window approach eliminates the limitation of anterior-posterior depth and provides an excellent view of the frontal sinus and recess. The technique achieves successful frontal sinus patency with low morbidities using a 0 degrees endoscope.