Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aakriti Singh, Ganesh Yadagiri, Manorma Negi, Anurag Kumar Kushwaha, Om Prakash Singh, Shyam Sundar, Shyam Lal Mudavath
Summary: In this study, carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) grafted lipid nanoformulations were prepared as an efficient carrier for amphotericin B (AmB) to treat leishmaniasis. The nanoformulations showed good physicochemical characteristics, controlled drug release, and high antileishmanial activity without causing toxicity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Surendra Rajit Prasad, Prakash Kumar, Saptarshi Mandal, Anu Mohan, Radhika Chaurasia, Ashish Shrivastava, Pallaprolu Nikhil, Dande Aishwarya, P. Ramalingam, Rahul Gajbhiye, Shriya Singh, Arunava Dasgupta, Mukesh Chourasia, V. Ravichandiran, Prolay Das, Debabrata Mandal
Summary: In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of different types of saturated medium-chain fatty acids against Leishmania. We found that caprylic acid (CA) showed the most potent anti-leishmanial effect. Further investigation revealed that CA mediates cell death by depleting ergosterol through inhibiting the enzyme mevalonate kinase (MevK) in the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. This study provides insights into the mechanism of CA against visceral leishmaniasis.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Danfeng Ren, Wenya Cao, Xiaojing Liu, Qunying Han, Wanhu Fan, Guoliang Li, Han Xia, Xi Zhang
Summary: This study presented four cases of visceral leishmaniasis treated with low-dose L-AmB therapy, demonstrating the safety and efficacy of this novel treatment protocol for VL patients. The treatment resulted in high cure rates without severe complications.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Dermatology
Tugba Erat, Isa An
Summary: The efficacy and safety of liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) in pediatric cutaneous leishmaniasis patients were evaluated in this study. The results showed a low treatment success rate with the L-AmB dose used in the study.
DERMATOLOGIC THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Antonio Lipa Castro, Sebastien Pomel, Catherine Cailleau, Natalie Fournier, Indira Dennemont, Philippe M. Loiseau, Gillian Barratt
Summary: This article describes the in-vivo evaluation of AmB-loaded, lipid-based cochleate systems designed for the oral route. The study found that cochleate formulations based on Lipoid PSP70 show promising antiparasitic activity for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Maria Ubals, Pau Bosch-Nicolau, Adrian Sanchez-Montalva, Fernando Salvador, Gloria Aparicio-Espanol, Elena Sulleiro, Aroa Silgado, Antoni Soriano-Arandes, Maria Espiau, Berta Ferrer, Diana Pou, Begona Trevino, Israel Molina, Vicente Garcia-Patos
Summary: The study described a cohort of patients with complex cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), with a focus on the treatment outcome of liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB). Results showed that all patients were considered cured within the first year post-treatment, and there were no treatment failures with L-AmB for complex CL.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Tingting Cui, Jingshi Wang, Zhao Wang
Summary: This paper presents a case of a 44-year-old man with antisynthetase antibody syndrome who developed HLH secondary to Leishmania infection. Early etiological screening is essential in treating Leishmania-related HLH, and treatment with Ruxolitinib and Amphotericin B has proven effective in alleviating symptoms.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Rupal Ojha, Kailash Chand, Balachandar Vellingiri, Vijay Kumar Prajapati
Summary: This study aimed to develop a more potent vaccine candidate against visceral leishmaniasis. The recombinant vaccine candidate Leisp was expressed, purified, and characterized. The expression modulation of different cytokines was evaluated in THP1 cell lines, and the impact of the vaccine protein candidates in infected conditions was determined. The results showed that the candidate vaccine could significantly upregulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, indicating its potential inductive efficacy for inflammation in Leishmania-infected cells.
Article
Parasitology
Shobha Kumari, Vikash Kumar, Ritesh Kumar Tiwari, Vidyanand Ravidas, Krishna Pandey, Ashish Kumar
Summary: Visceral leishmaniasis, caused by the leishmania parasite, is a vector-borne disease. In India, Amphotericin B is the first-line medication for treating this disease. Liposomal AmB is a more widely accepted option for treatment, but there is a need for more efficient, less toxic, and affordable drugs.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Frederic Frezard, Marta M. G. Aguiar, Lucas A. M. Ferreira, Guilherme S. Ramos, Thais T. Santos, Gabriel S. M. Borges, Virginia M. R. Vallejos, Helane L. O. De Morais
Summary: This review discusses the use of liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) as the best therapeutic option for leishmaniasis, but its efficacy is influenced by patient immunological status, clinical manifestation, and endemic region. The need for parenteral administration, side effects, and cost limit its use in developing countries. Recent advances in understanding the mechanism responsible for reduced toxicity and the development of more effective liposomal AmB formulations, including topical and oral options, are highlighted. The critical role of AmB aggregation state and release rate in reducing toxicity and improving efficacy by non-invasive routes is emphasized.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Niamh O'Grady, Matthew Davis, Dayna McManus, Jeffrey Topal, Marwan M. Azar, Neima Briggs
Summary: Liposomal amphotericin B (LAmB) is a preferred agent for the treatment of opportunistic fungal and parasitic infections in pregnant patients, but optimal dosing regimens are still unclear. This review describes the use of LAmB for mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) in a pregnant patient with a dosing strategy using ideal body weight. Current guidelines and literature lack recommendations for dosing weight in pregnancy. Using ideal body weight may minimize adverse effects to the fetus while maintaining efficacy for treatment of MCL in pregnancy.
Article
Immunology
Marco Antonio Cabrera Gonzalez, Ana Alice Maia Goncalves, Jennifer Ottino, Jaqueline Costa Leite, Lucilene Aparecida Resende, Otoni Alves Melo-Junior, Patricia Silveira, Mariana Santos Cardoso, Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara, Lilian Lacerda Bueno, Renato Lima Santos, Tatiane Furtado de Carvalho, Giani Martins Garcia, Paulo Ricardo de Oliveira Paes, Alexsandro Sobreira Galdino, Miguel Angel Chavez-Fumagalli, Marilia Martins Melo, Denise Silveira-Lemos, Olindo Assis Martins-Filho, Walderez Ornelas Dutra, Vanessa Carla Furtado Mosqueira, Rodolfo Cordeiro Giunchetti
Summary: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a fatal disease caused by Leishmania infantum, and dogs are the main reservoirs. A vaccine against canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is important in controlling human and CVL infections by reducing L. infantum infection. This study evaluated the potential of two polymeric nanoformulations loaded with Leishmania amazonensis antigens as a VL vaccine using golden hamsters as a model. The results showed that the vaccines had no adverse reactions and significantly reduced the parasitic load in the liver and spleen. These vaccines may be promising candidates for a VL vaccine.
Article
Immunology
Sakib Burza, Raman Mahajan, Shahwar Kazmi, Neal Alexander, Deepak Kumar, Vikash Kumar, Estrella Lasry, Amit Harshana, Alan de Lima Pereira, Pradeep Das, Neena Verma, Vidya Nand Ravi Das, Chandra Shekhar Lal, Bharat Rewari, Vishal Goyal, Suman Rijal, Fabiana Alves, Naresh Gill, Krishna Pandey
Summary: This study conducted in a hospital in India compared two different treatment regimens for 150 patients with HIV and VL. The results showed that combination therapy is safe, well-tolerated, effective, and reduces treatment duration.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Biology
Danniele L. Vale, Camila S. Freitas, Vivian T. Martins, Gabriel J. L. Moreira, Amanda S. Machado, Fernanda F. Ramos, Isabela A. G. Pereira, Raquel S. Bandeira, Marcelo M. de Jesus, Grasiele S. V. Tavares, Fernanda Ludolf, Miguel A. Chavez-Fumagalli, Alexsandro S. Galdino, Ricardo T. Fujiwara, Lilian L. Bueno, Bruno M. Roatt, Myron Christodoulides, Eduardo A. F. Coelho, Daniela P. Lage
Summary: Our study used an immunotherapeutic approach combining a vaccine and drug to successfully treat mice infected with Leishmania parasites. This approach significantly reduced the parasite load in the animals' internal organs and increased the production of protective antibodies. The inclusion of the vaccine and adjuvant also reduced the toxicity of the drug.
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Rebekah N. Duffin, Philip C. Andrews
Summary: Six novel organogallium complexes have been synthesized and characterized, showing promising anti-leishmanial activity and selectivity.
DALTON TRANSACTIONS
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Ana Balseiro, Jose Miguel Prieto, Vega Alvarez, Sandrine Lesellier, Dipesh Dave, Francisco J. Salguero, Iker A. Sevilla, Jose Antonio Infantes-Lorenzo, Joseba M. Garrido, Hans Adriaensen, Ramon A. Juste, Marta Barral
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Omar Antonio Alcaraz-Lopez, Susana Flores-Villalva, Omar Cortez-Hernandez, Guadalupe Vigueras-Meneses, Jacobo Carrisoza-Urbina, Alejandro Benitez-Guzman, Hugo Esquivel-Solis, Dirk Werling, Francisco J. Salguero Bodes, Martin Vordemeier, Bernardo Villarreal-Ramos, Jose A. Gutierrez-Pabello
Summary: The study found no significant difference in the resistance to mycobacteria between naïve Holstein-Friesian and Zebu cattle, but vaccinated Holstein-Friesian cattle showed a potential trend of lower pathogen numbers compared to non-vaccinated ones. Additionally, Zebu and Holstein-Friesian cattle differed in their antigen-specific IFN-gamma secretion responses to mycobacteria. However, due to the small number of animals used in the experiment, no conclusive differences in overall control of mycobacteria were observed between the two cattle breeds.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Barbara Holzer, Pramila Rijal, Adam McNee, Basudev Paudyal, Veronica Martini, Becky Clark, Tanuja Manjegowda, Francisco J. Salguero, Emily Bessell, John C. Schwartz, Katy Moffat, Miriam Pedrera, Simon P. Graham, Alistair Noble, Marie Bonnet-Di Placido, Roberto M. La Ragione, William Mwangi, Peter Beverley, John W. McCauley, Rodney S. Daniels, John A. Hammond, Alain R. Townsend, Elma Tchilian
Summary: Pigs, natural hosts for the same subtypes of influenza A viruses as humans, generate monoclonal antibodies that target the same immunodominant epitopes as humans. These pig mAbs significantly reduce disease severity in influenza virus infection, indicating the potential for pigs as a valuable model for antibody therapy and vaccine recommendations for humans.
Article
Immunology
Andrew D. White, Laura Sibley, Jennie Gullick, Charlotte Sarfas, Simon Clark, Zahra Fagrouch, Ernst Verschoor, Francisco J. Salguero, Mike Dennis, Sally Sharpe
Summary: This pilot study demonstrated the utility of a cynomolgus macaque model for evaluating vaccines designed to prevent reactivation of TB through coinfection with SIV. Results showed that BCG vaccination improved control of TB-induced disease and reduced viral load in coinfected animals.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Maria Victoria Ortega-Garcia, Francisco Javier Salguero, Nerea Garcia, Mercedes Dominguez, Inmaculada Moreno, Alexis Berrocal
Summary: This study describes five cases of equine cutaneous leishmaniosis in Costa Rica, with the etiological diagnosis based on the presence of the parasite in the lesions. The results showed granulomatous inflammation within the dermis and emphasized the importance of Leishmania spp. as a causative agent of equine cutaneous disease in the New World.
VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Virology
Stuart Dowall, Francisco J. Salguero, Nathan Wiblin, Susan Fotheringham, Graham Hatch, Simon Parks, Kathryn Gowan, Debbie Harris, Oliver Carnell, Rachel Fell, Robert Watson, Victoria Graham, Karen Gooch, Yper Hall, Simon Mizen, Roger Hewson
Summary: This study utilized hamsters as an experimental animal model to investigate virus transmission dynamics, demonstrating variations in disease levels and kinetics among infected animals within a natural transmission cage system. The results suggest the utility of this natural transmission model for further studies on virus strains and intervention evaluations in a system that closely mimics human infection.
Article
Immunology
Tiphany Chrun, Emmanuel A. Maze, Eleni Vatzia, Veronica Martini, Basudev Paudyal, Matthew D. Edmans, Adam McNee, Tanuja Manjegowda, Francisco J. Salguero, Nanchaya Wanasen, Surapong Koonpaew, Simon P. Graham, Elma Tchilian
Summary: The study indicated that co-infection of PRRSV-2 and swine influenza H3N2 virus weakened the protective effect of PRRS modified live virus vaccine while enhancing antibody responses. In contrast, co-infection in non-immunized animals helped reduce viral load and potentiate T cell responses. The upregulation of inhibitory cytokines gene expression in vaccinated pigs' lungs may have influenced responses to H3N2 and PRRSV-2.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Celine Richomme, Sandrine Lesellier, Francisco Javier Salguero, Jacques Laurent Barrat, Jean-Marc Boucher, Jennifer Danaidae Reyes-Reyes, Sylvie Henault, Krystel De Cruz, Jennifer Tambosco, Lorraine Michelet, Justine Boutet, Rubyat Elahi, Konstantin P. Lyashchenko, Conor O'Halloran, Ana Balseiro, Maria Laura Boschiroli
Summary: This study demonstrates that typical Mycobacterium bovis infection can be induced experimentally in captive foxes, and these foxes are capable of shedding the bacteria. This research is significant for future diagnostics and vaccine evaluations in fox species.
Article
Virology
Rachel Fell, Jane A. Potter, Samantha Yuille, Franscisco J. Salguero, Robert Watson, Didier Ngabo, Karen Gooch, Roger Hewson, David Howat, Stuart Dowall
Summary: This study tested an intranasal carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) therapy in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection and found that it significantly reduces disease severity and pathological changes in the nasal cavity. The therapy was also shown to bind to the human ACE2 receptor and spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. This is the first report of this type of broad-spectrum antiviral therapy being tested in vivo and provides evidence for further preclinical and clinical studies on Neumifil.
Article
Virology
Rachel E. Ireland, Carwyn D. Davies, Emma Keyser, James S. F. Findlay, Lin Eastaugh, Thomas R. Laws, Francisco J. Salguero, Laura Hunter, Michelle Nelson
Summary: The results of this study indicate that exposure of marmosets to high concentrations of aerosolised SARS-CoV-2 did not result in the development of clear, reproducible signs of COVID-19, although early weight loss and changes to respiratory pattern and activity were observed. Despite an immune response, there was limited evidence of infection-related pathology.
Article
Immunology
Mirco Compagnone, Eleonora Pinto, Erika Salvatori, Lucia Lione, Antonella Conforti, Silvia Marchese, Micol Rava, Kathryn Ryan, Yper Hall, Emma Rayner, Francisco J. Salguero, Jemma Paterson, Matteo Iannacone, Raffaele De Francesco, Luigi Aurisicchio, Fabio Palombo
Summary: The researchers developed a genetic vaccine called COVID-eVax based on plasmid DNA and demonstrated the importance of T-cell immunity in controlling viral spread, in addition to neutralizing antibody activity, by analyzing the correlation between immune responses and the evolution of viral infection in animal experiments.
Article
Virology
Elizabeth R. Davies, Kathryn A. Ryan, Kevin R. Bewley, Naomi S. Coombes, Francisco J. Salguero, Oliver T. Carnell, Sarah Biddlecombe, Michael Charlton, Amy Challis, Eleanor S. Cross, Alastair Handley, Didier Ngabo, Thomas M. Weldon, Yper Hall, Simon G. P. Funnell
Summary: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 virus variants raises concerns about increased virulence and immune evasion. The BA.4 variant, despite having almost identical spike gene sequence as BA.5.2.1, showed a lack of disease characteristics in the Golden Syrian hamster model. This may be due to a small deletion in the viral genome responsible for the production of non-structural protein 1.
Article
Virology
Alastair Handley, Kathryn A. Ryan, Elizabeth R. Davies, Kevin R. Bewley, Oliver T. Carnell, Amy Challis, Naomi S. Coombes, Susan A. Fotheringham, Karen E. Gooch, Michael Charlton, Debbie J. Harris, Chelsea Kennard, Didier Ngabo, Thomas M. Weldon, Francisco J. Salguero, Simon G. P. Funnell, Yper Hall
Summary: Using Syrian hamster model, researchers found that different inoculation volumes of the same infectious dose of SARS-CoV-2 resulted in varying clinical signs, weight loss, viral shedding, tissue burden, and severity of pulmonary pathology. These findings emphasize the importance of matching both challenge dose and inoculation volume when comparing SARS-CoV-2 variants or assessing treatment efficacy in hamster studies.
Article
Microbiology
Stephen Findlay-Wilson, Lucy Flett, Francisco J. Salguero, Ines Ruedas-Torres, Susan Fotheringham, Linda Easterbrook, Victoria Graham, Stuart Dowall
Summary: Nipah virus is an emerging pathogen that can cause severe respiratory illness and encephalitis in humans. It is primarily transmitted through contact with infected pigs, ingestion of contaminated food, or contact with an infected person. With no approved treatments or vaccines, Nipah virus poses a threat to human public health and has epidemic potential. The establishment of a hamster model of NiV disease is crucial for evaluating vaccines and antivirals.
Article
Biology
Xiaofeng Dong, Rebekah Penrice-Randal, Hannah Goldswain, Tessa Prince, Nadine Randle, I'ah Donovan-Banfield, Francisco J. Salguero, Julia Tree, Ecaterina Vamos, Charlotte Nelson, Jordan Clark, Yan Ryan, James P. Stewart, Malcolm G. Semple, J. Kenneth Baillie, Peter J. M. Openshaw, Lance Turtle, David A. Matthews, Miles W. Carroll, Alistair C. Darby, Julian A. Hiscox
Summary: The transcription strategy of SARS-CoV-2 for viral subgenomic mRNAs (sgmRNAs) plays a crucial role in nucleic acid diagnostics. LeTRS, a bioinformatics tool, has been developed to identify leader-TRS junctions and quantify sgmRNAs, providing insights into virus biology. LeTRS has been tested on different species and shown to have implications for transmission models and nucleic acid-based diagnostics.
