Article
Infectious Diseases
Harald Seifert, Joseph Blondeau, Kai Lucassen, Eric A. Utt
Summary: This study investigated the in vitro antimicrobial activity and rates of resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from different regions between 2016 and 2018. Tigecycline and colistin exhibited good antimicrobial activity against the isolates, with lower resistance rates in North America. The higher rates of meropenem-resistant isolates in Africa/Middle East and Latin America require continued monitoring.
JOURNAL OF GLOBAL ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Charles Darkoh, Kadiatou Keita, Chioma Odo, Micah Oyaro, Eric L. Brown, Cesar A. Arias, Blake M. Hanson, Herbert L. DuPont
Summary: A study found that vancomycin nonsusceptible strains of Clostridioides difficile are circulating in patient populations, posing a serious challenge to treatment as vancomycin is a first-line antibiotic for CDI. Routine susceptibility testing may be necessary.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Parvin Ghorbani Filabadi, Ebrahim Rahimi, Amir Shakerian, Zahra Esfandiari
Summary: This study identified the prevalence and genetic diversities of Clostridium difficile contamination in meat nuggets in Isfahan, Iran. Out of 600 food samples, 7 C. difficile strains were found, with a prevalence of 1.17%. The isolated strains were found to be toxigenic and resistant to antibiotics, except for vancomycin. The absence of the tcdC gene in the genome of all isolates may be due to a mutation.
JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Alejandro Suarez-Perez, Juan Alberto Corbera, Margarita Gonzalez-Martin, Maria Teresa Tejedor-Junco
Summary: The study on Escherichia coli isolates from Canarian Egyptian vultures revealed a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, with tetracycline being the primary resistant antibiotic. The results suggest that wild birds may serve as a vector for the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria, emphasizing the importance of reducing exposure of wild birds to antibiotics from human activities.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Pattarachai Kiratisin, Marie Kempf, Gregory Stone, Eric Utt
Summary: The objective of this study was to assess the distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates against ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) and a panel of comparator agents collected globally and in each region from 2017-2020. The results showed that 20.9% of P. aeruginosa isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR), 20.7% were extremely drug resistant (XDR), 8.4% were CAZ-AVI-resistant (CAZ-AVI-R), and 3.0% were MBL-positive. The highest proportion of resistant isolates was found in Latin America. Rating: 8 out of 10.
JOURNAL OF GLOBAL ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
D. Pierard, G. G. Stone
Summary: Across all regions, respiratory isolates of Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed highest susceptibility rates to ceftazidime-avibactam, colistin, and amikacin. Tigecycline demonstrated activity against all Citrobacter koseri and Escherichia coli subsets, while colistin was active against all subsets of P. aeruginosa.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amanda Nadia Diniz, Loren Nery Fontoura Moura, Diogo Soares Goncalves Cruz, Carlos Augusto Oliveira Junior, Henrique Cesar Pereira Figueiredo, Joao Luis Reis Cunha, Eduardo Garcia Vilela, Edward J. Kuijper, Mark H. Wilcox, Francisco Carlos Faria Lobato, Rodrigo Otavio Silveira Silva
Summary: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a global healthcare problem, and new strains continue to emerge. This study characterized three novel Brazilian clade 2 strains of C. difficile and conducted a two-year survey in animals and humans. The results suggest that these new clade 2 strains have virulence potential and continue to emerge in Brazil.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Ran Jing, Ian Morrissey, Meng Xiao, Tian-Shu Sun, Ge Zhang, Wei Kang, Da-Wen Guo, Jalal A. Aram, Jeffrey Wang, Eric A. Utt, Yao Wang, Ying-Chun Xu
Summary: This is the first multicenter in vitro study conducted in China, which demonstrated the excellent activity of isavuconazole against most species of Mucorales order isolated in China. The results suggest that isavuconazole may be a potential alternative to voriconazole for the clinical management of invasive mold infections.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Shawn T. Clark, Kirby Cronin, Antoine J. Corbeil, Samir N. Patel
Summary: This work provides an updated summary of the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among Salmonella Typhi strains isolated from patients in Ontario, Canada. The emergence and spread of resistant strains have complicated the epidemiology and treatment of typhoid fever. A 10-year retrospective survey showed stable susceptibility patterns for certain drugs but an increase in nonsusceptibility to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone, indicating the need for healthcare providers to consider current trends in antimicrobial susceptibility for proper therapy selection.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Ishani Wickramage, Patrizia Spigaglia, Xingmin Sun
Summary: Clostridioides difficile (CD) is a major concern as one of the top five antibiotic resistance threats in the USA, with a global increase in multidrug resistance and emergence of more virulent strains. Understanding the evolving antibiotic resistance mechanisms of CD is crucial for guiding antibiotic stewardship policies and developing new therapeutic targets. Epidemiological surveillance and strain-specific characteristics are key in combating the spread of resistance genes among different CD strains.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Annamaria Toporova, Katarina Curova, Martin Novotny, Viera Lovayova, Maria Nagyova, Leonard Siegfried, Viktoria Takacova, Anna Liskova, Andrea Longauerova, Michaela Vukusiova Uhrinova, Barbora Dzugasova
Summary: In this study, we confirmed the presence of toxigenic and hypervirulent strains of Clostridioides difficile in stool samples of hospitalized patients. Ribotypes 176, 001, and 027 were identified as the most frequent, with ribotype 176 being predominant. The high incidence of rifampicin resistance in ribotypes 176 and 027 suggests the misuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics in our hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Article
Horticulture
Pamela Cordova, Juan Pablo Rivera-Gonzalez, Victoria Rojas-Martinez, Pablo Villarreal, Alan Zamorano, Nicola Fiore, Daniel San Martin, Francisca Vera, Eduardo Galvez, Jaime Romero, Jaime Barrueto, Carolina Ilabaca-Diaz, Gaston Higuera
Summary: Tomato plants are susceptible to bacterial diseases caused by Pseudomonas species, some of which have shown resistance to antimicrobial compounds. A study in Chilean orchards found that a high percentage of Pseudomonas isolates exhibited resistance to multiple antimicrobials, posing a potential threat to agriculture and human health.
Article
Pathology
Sicilia Perumalsamy, Su Chen Lim, Thomas Riley
Summary: Less is known about Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in children compared to adults, and the rising incidence of CDI in hospitalized pediatric patients, emergence of hypervirulent strains and community-associated CDI (CA-CDI) in the past decade pose a potential threat. This study in a tertiary hospital in Perth, Western Australia, characterized C. difficile isolates from pediatric patients and found various ribotypes and toxin gene profiles. The study provides a baseline for future surveillance of pediatric CDI in Australia.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Malgorzata Brauncajs, Filip Bielec, Anna Macieja, Dorota Pastuszak-Lewandoska
Summary: Eravacycline is a novel antibiotic that can effectively treat carbapenem-resistant strains, including multi-drug-resistant bacteria. However, its use is currently limited to treating complicated intra-abdominal infections.
Article
Microbiology
Jiawei Chen, Yong Liu, Wei Jia, Xuesong Xu, Guizhen Sun, Tong Wang, Jin Li, Ge Zhang, Ran Jing, Hongli Sun, Yingchun Xu, Yali Liu
Summary: Infections caused by multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales, especially carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), are difficult to manage due to limited treatment options. This study evaluated the in vitro activities of three novel antimicrobial agents (aztreonam-avibactam, eravacycline, and cefoselis) against clinical Enterobacterales isolates. The results showed high susceptibility of Enterobacterales isolates to aztreonam-avibactam (98.25%), eravacycline (85.69%), and cefoselis (62.73%).
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
J. J. Vernon, M. H. Wilcox, J. Freeman
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2019)
Article
Microbiology
D. S. Pickering, J. J. Vernon, J. Freeman, M. H. Wilcox, C. H. Chilton
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jane Freeman, Jonathan Vernon, Sally Pilling, Kirsti Morris, Scott Nicolson, Sharie Shearman, Emma Clark, Jose Alejandro Palacios-Fabrega, Mark Wilcox, Franz Allerberger, Sabine Pfeiffer, Anita Fiedler, Steliana Huhulescu, Markus Hell, Michel Delmee, Kate Soumillion, Johann van Broeck, Eleonore Ngyuvulu Mantu, Kate Ivanova, Elina Dobreva, Panayiota Maikanti-Charalampous, Otakar Nyc, Jorgen Engberg, Janne Aittoniemi, Frederic Barbut, Catherine Eckert, Helene Marchandin, Helene Jean-Pierre, Mathias Herrmann, Barbara Gaertner, Fabian Berger, Lutz von Mueller, Reinier Mutters, Soeren Schubert, Jana Bader, Maria Orfanidou, Stavroula Smilakou, Ioannis Deliolanis, Eleni Malamou-Lada, Elisabeth Nagy, Edit Urban, Zsuzsanna Barna, Katalin Kristof, Mairead Skally, Fidelma Fitzpatrick, Lynda Fenelon, Frank Dennehy, Katharina Stein, Paola Mastrantonio, Patrizia Spigaglia, Claudio Farina, Francesca Vailati, Marco Passera, Luca Masucci, Maurizzio Sanguinetti, Domenico Nagel, Gianluca Quaranta, Rosalia Graffeo, Teresa Zaccaria, Giovanni Gesu, Maria Chiara Sironi, Arta Balode, Hanna Pituch, Monica Oleastro, Elena Novakova, Vladimira Sadlonova, Jana Kompanikova, Maja Rupnik, Sandra Janezic, Emilio Bouza, Elena Reigadas, Luis Alcala, Josefina Linares, Fe Tubau, Jordi Niubo, Torbjorn Noren, Andreas Widmer, Reno Frei, Adrian Egli, Martin Altwegg, Livia Berlinger, Ed Kuijper, Celine Harmanus, Derek Fairley, James McKenna, Henry Mather, John Coia, Trefor Morris, David Griffiths, Derrick Crook, Tim Planche
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2020)
Article
Microbiology
Sarah Myers, Thuy Do, Josephine L. Meade, Aradhna Tugnait, Jon J. Vernon, Jelena Pistolic, Robert E. W. Hancock, Philip D. Marsh, Harsh M. Trivedi, Dandan Chen, Deirdre A. Devine
Summary: The study discovered that many streptococci found in the oral cavity have immunosuppressive abilities, inhibiting CXCL8 secretion in epithelial cells by suppressing NF kappa B activation. This phenomenon may play a significant role in maintaining the homeostasis of oral host-microbe interactions.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Vernon J. Jon, Wilcox H. Mark, Freeman Jane
Summary: This study characterized a collection of Clostridioides difficile isolates from different time periods and found an increase in antibiotic resistance since the 1980s, with moxifloxacin resistance potentially predating its introduction. There was also observed intra-ribotype diversity among the isolates.
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
J. J. Vernon, E. V. Black, T. Dennis, D. A. Devine, L. Fletcher, D. J. Wood, B. R. Nattress
Summary: Limiting the transmission of infections, particularly during the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, is crucial in dentistry. Aerosol-generating procedures are important in dental practice, and understanding the risks of viral dispersion associated with these procedures is essential. The use of high-speed contra-angle handpieces can significantly reduce the risk of viral aerosolization in dental procedures, especially when combined with high-volume aspiration. This study is the first to report the aerosolization of active virus as a marker for risk assessment in a dental clinic.
JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Virginie F. Viprey, Georgina L. Davis, Anthony D. Benson, Duncan Ewin, William Spittal, Jon J. Vernon, Maja Rupnik, Alice Banz, Florence Allantaz, Philippe Cleuziat, Mark H. Wilcox, Kerrie A. Davies
Summary: This study compared data on CDI patients in hospitals and communities across 12 European countries. The study found a higher CDI positivity rate in hospitals and a larger number of undiagnosed adults in the community, highlighting the need for improved diagnosis of diarrhea patients in the community.
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
J. J. Vernon, P. E. Lancaster, E. V. Black, D. A. Devine, L. Fletcher, D. J. Wood, B. R. Nattress
Summary: This study assessed the impact of increased speed of high-speed contra-angle handpieces on the aerosolization of SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus and the thermal impact on dental pulp. The results showed that high-speed contra-angle handpieces did not increase the dispersal of bioaerosols in dental surgery. However, the thermal risk varied depending on the design of the handpiece and the remaining dentine thickness.
JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Ricardo Costeira, Joseph Aduse-Opoku, Jon J. Vernon, Francisco Rodriguez-Algarra, Susan Joseph, Deirdre A. Devine, Philip D. Marsh, Vardhman Rakyan, Michael A. Curtis, Jordana T. Bell
Summary: Bacterial DNA methylation plays an important role in gene regulation, and Porphyromonas gingivalis, an oral pathogen, exhibits gene expression changes in response to hemin availability. In this study, we analyzed the epigenome of P. gingivalis and studied the variation in epigenetics and transcriptome under different hemin conditions. We found changes in gene expression, DNA methylation, and gene regulation processes that affect the virulence of P. gingivalis in periodontal disease.
Meeting Abstract
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Kerrie Davies, Virginie Viprey, Duncan Ewin, William Spittal, Jon Vernon, Valerija Tkalec, Warren Fawley, Anthony Benson, Georgina Davis, Maja Rupnik, Mark Wilcox
INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jason Rowley, Patrick Wall, Huayang Yu, Giuseppe Tronci, Deirdre A. Devine, Jonathan J. Vernon, Paul D. Thornton
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2020)
