Article
Environmental Sciences
Alvaro del Real, Andrea Exposito, Laura Ruiz-Azcona, Miguel Santibanez, Ignacio Fernandez-Olmo
Summary: This study aimed to determine the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in indoor and outdoor size-segregated aerosol samples. The positive detection of SARS-CoV-2 was only found in one PM2.5 sample from an occupancy room where a patient with positive PCR and cough was present. Negative results in other sampling areas may be attributed to the limitation of air sampling volume and good ventilation.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiao Guo, Xiaoqing Wang, Wenting Dai, Kin Fai Ho, Suixin Liu, Qiyuan Wang, Minxia Shen, Yali Liu, Yifan Zhang, Yue Cao, Weining Qi, Lu Li, Li Li, Jianjun Li
Summary: This study investigated the influence of atmospheric aging processes on the chemical compositions of biomass burning (BB) aerosols. Fresh and 7-day aged PM2.5 samples from burning of rice, maize, and wheat straws were simulated in a combustion chamber and an oxidation flow reactor. The results indicate a continuous formation of secondary aerosols in the atmospheric aging processes, especially for secondary inorganic ions, and an increase in the deficit of anion equivalents with longer aging time.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Svetlana Y. Chazhengina, Alexandra V. Stepanova, Viktoria V. Ustinova, Sergei A. Svetov
Summary: The presence of amorphous carbonaceous material in mafic igneous rocks in the Onega Basin provides insights into the relationship between igneous and hydrocarbon systems in the Earth's interior. Through field and petrological studies, Raman spectroscopy, and carbon isotope analysis, it was determined that the carbonaceous material was likely of biogenic origin and may have originated from Paleoproterozoic oilfields.
Article
Environmental Sciences
T. Faria, V Martins, N. Canha, E. Diapouli, M. Manousakas, P. Fetfatzis, M. Gini, S. M. Almeida
Summary: Particulate matter (PM) pollution is a significant environmental concern due to its negative impact on human health. This study evaluates the daily exposure and inhaled dose of PM chemical compounds by integrating the concentrations measured in the micro-environments (MEs) where children spend most of their time. Results indicate that homes and schools contribute the most to children's daily exposure and inhaled dose. The study also highlights the high contribution of indoor sources to the organic fraction of particles, particularly in schools where mineral elements from dust resuspension and chalk usage stand out. Additionally, outdoor activities result in higher inhalation rates, leading to a higher contribution of outdoor particles to the inhaled dose. Overall, this study emphasizes the importance of indoor air quality in relation to children's exposure and health.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Himadri Sekhar Bhowmik, Ashutosh Shukla, Vipul Lalchandani, Jay Dave, Neeraj Rastogi, Mayank Kumar, Vikram Singh, Sachchida Nand Tripathi
Summary: The study reveals discrepancies between offline and online measurements of PM chemical composition in the Delhi National Capital Region (NCR) of India, suggesting various factors contributing to the differences.
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Aparna Satsangi, Ankita Mangal, Awni Agarwal, Anita Lakhani, K. Maharaj Kumari
Summary: This study investigates the mechanism and chemistry of winter haze formation, focusing on aerosol composition and meteorological parameters during two consecutive winter seasons. The findings show that during haze episodes, there is a significant increase in PM2.5 concentrations, with carbonaceous aerosols and secondary inorganic aerosols playing a key role in the haze formation process.
ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Nathaniel Tarshish, David M. Romps
Summary: When there is a source of surface buoyancy, it generates a turbulent plume. The properties of the plume approach the well-known MTT solutions at higher altitudes, but a solution for the virtual origin is still missing. In this study, a closure for the virtual origin is sought for a turbulent plume sustained by a circular source of surface buoyancy in a fluid without stratification or shear. It is argued that all such plumes converge to a single solution in the high Reynolds number limit. Numerical simulation of this solution shows a virtual origin located a certain distance below the surface. The comparison with previous assumptions reveals a significant discrepancy in buoyancy. Additionally, the study confirms that the plume can extend well into the troposphere, supporting observations of citywide firestorm events triggered by nuclear attacks.
JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jianlong Fang, Song Tang, Fuchang Deng, Xu Gao, Chen Wuchang, Yuanyuan Liu, Haoran Dong, Yanjun Du, Tiantian Li, Xiaoming Shi
Summary: This study found that carbonaceous compounds and water-soluble inorganic ions in PM2.5 were inversely associated with renal function, providing important health implications for older Chinese individuals.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Huiying Peng, Yueshe Wang, Yanlong Wang, Yukun Chen, Dan Li, Huan Xue
Summary: The study investigated the impact of coal burning for domestic use in rural areas of China on air pollution, focusing on emissions and combustion characteristics. Results showed that bituminous coal and lignite combustion mainly produce OC2 and OC3 as carbonaceous products, with lignite flue gas containing a larger proportion of EC1. Light-absorption of organic carbon in particulate matter was evaluated using mass absorption cross efficiency (alpha/rho), with findings showing a decrease in forcing efficiency with increasing combustion temperature and coal maturity.
ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jianping Cao, Siqi Xie, Zhibin Cheng, Runze Li, Ying Xu, Haibao Huang
Summary: Active samplers are commonly used in quantifying gaseous semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), but the adsorption of SVOCs by sampling tubes can lead to significant errors in the results. This study developed a mass transfer model to characterize the sampling-tube loss of gaseous SVOCs using the example of SPME-based active sampler. Experimental results confirmed the accuracy of the model and showed that the measured concentrations were significantly lower than the actual concentrations due to sampling-tube loss.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Kai Sen Tan, Alicia Xin Yu Ang, Douglas Jie Wen Tay, Jyoti Somani, Alexander Jet Yue Ng, Li Lee Peng, Justin Jang Hann Chu, Paul Anantharajah Tambyah, David Michael Allen
Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness of an active air sampling device as a potential surveillance system for detecting hospital pathogens, using SARS-CoV-2 as a surrogate. The results showed that the device provided consistent detection of SARS-CoV-2 in as little as 2 hours of sampling time, demonstrating its good surveillance capacity and sensitivity in hospital settings.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Ken Yamaoka, Simon R. Wallis, Akira Miyake, Yui Kouketsu
Summary: Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material (RSCM) thermometry is a useful method to determine the thermal structure of metasedimentary domains with high spatial resolution. The presence of detrital carbonaceous material (CM) can introduce bias in the results, but a new filtering procedure can effectively remove the effects of detrital CM. By analyzing metamudstone samples from the Hongusan area, it is observed that the thermal structure can be explained by the overprinting of two distinct thermal regimes. Recognizing the presence of detrital CM and measuring its crystallinity can help infer the metamorphic grade and the source of detrital material.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tzu-Hao Su, Chin-Sheng Lin, Jiunn-Cheng Lin, Chiung-Pin Liu
Summary: This study investigated the dry deposition of particulate matter and its soluble ions in different tree species in Taichung, Taiwan. The results showed significant variation in nitrate dry deposition flux among tree species, while the interception of sulfate by trees indicated potential long-range transport of air pollutants.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Ming-Chang Liu, Marc Chaussidon, Nozomi Matsuda
Summary: The origin of the B-11/B-10 ratio in the Solar System is still unknown. While it was previously believed that boron was derived from continuous spallation nucleosynthesis, the B-11/B-10 ratio of the produced boron does not match the solar ratio. Two hypotheses suggest that B-11-rich components may come from low-energy spallation in the Sun's parental molecular cloud or the neutrino process during supernova explosions.
GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Wanqi Tang, Jiayi Tang, Kaiming Liao, Zongping Shao
Summary: A noble-metal-free spinel-type NiCo2O4 electrocatalyst with high activity and 3D porous structure is designed through duplexing interface engineering concept, which enhances the overall oxygen electrochemistry in Zn-air batteries (ZABs). The electrocatalyst demonstrates improved efficiency and durability, making it a promising candidate for commercialization of ZABs.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giulio Agnetti, Harald Herrmann, Shenhav Cohen
Summary: Desmin is a primary intermediate filament in cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscles, playing crucial roles in muscle integrity, force transmission, and mitochondrial homeostasis. Changes in desmin filaments may facilitate catabolic events as an adaptive response in skeletal muscles.
Article
Biophysics
Norbert Muecke, Tomasz Wocjan, Marine Jacquier, Harald Herrmann, Stephanie Portet
Summary: This study investigates the impact of flexibility on the assembly kinetics of intermediate filament proteins and reveals a complex relationship between flexibility and assembly rate. Additionally, it demonstrates that differences in individual amino acid sequences significantly affect the assembly rates.
BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Allergy
Dubravka Smiljkovic, Harald Herrmann, Irina Sadovnik, Susanne Gamperl, Daniela Berger, Gabriele Stefanzl, Gregor Eisenwort, Gregor Hoermann, Sonja Kopanja, Yulia Dorofeeva, Margarete Focke-Tejkl, Peter Jaksch, Konrad Hoetzenecker, Zsolt Szepfalusi, Rudolf Valenta, Michel Arock, Peter Valent
Summary: Siglec-6 is identified as a surface antigen specifically expressed on human MC and basophils. Its expression is dynamically regulated and varies depending on cell types and activation factors. Understanding the expression changes of Siglec-6 provides insights into the function of MC and basophils in allergic reactions.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Matthias Moll, Harald Herrmann, Alexandru Zaharie, Gregor Goldner
Summary: This study describes a local radio-oncologic treatment for patients with prostate cancer metastasized to either the lymph nodes or distant regions. Results showed that patients with distant metastases had significantly worse outcomes compared to patients with lymph node metastases.
STRAHLENTHERAPIE UND ONKOLOGIE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Florian Kriwanek, Leo Ulbrich, Wolfgang Lechner, Carola Luetgendorf-Caucig, Stefan Konrad, Cora Waldstein, Harald Herrmann, Dietmar Georg, Joachim Widder, Tatjana Traub-Weidinger, Ivo Rausch
Summary: Differences in tumor segmentations between radiation oncologists can cause uncertainty in radiation therapy planning. This study investigated the use of additional somatostatin receptor PET imaging to reduce this variability in the delineation of meningioma. The study also assessed the usability of a threshold-based approach for lesion delineation. The results showed that adding PET information significantly reduced inter observer variability, but the threshold-based approach had only moderate agreement with radiation oncologists.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Alessandro Trenti, Martin Achleitner, Florian Prawits, Bernhard Schrenk, Hauke Conradi, Moritz Kleinert, Alfonso Incoronato, Francesco Zanetto, Franco Zappa, Ilaria Di Luch, Ozan Cirkinoglu, Xaveer Leijtens, Antonio Bonardi, Cedric Bruynsteen, Xin Yin, Christian Kiessler, Harald Herrmann, Christine Silberhorn, Mathieu Bozzio, Philip Walther, Hannah C. Thiel, Gregor Weihs, Hannes Huebel
Summary: This article presents the results of the Quantum Technology Flagship project UNIQORN in the field of integrated photonics for quantum communication applications. Different integration platforms, including indium phosphide, polymer, and CMOS-compatible silicon platforms, were used to manufacture components and sub-systems for quantum communication devices. The indium phosphide platform was used to produce a transmitter chip for quantum key distribution, while the polymer platform was utilized for engineering non-classical light sources. Additionally, a quantum random number generator and a transimpedance amplifier based on gallium arsenide high electron mobility transistors were also fabricated.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Hematology
Daniel Ivanov, Jelena D. Milosevic Feenstra, Irina Sadovnik, Harald Herrmann, Barbara Peter, Michael Willmann, Georg Greiner, Katharina Slavnitsch, Emir Hadzijusufovic, Thomas Ruelicke, Maik Dahlhoff, Gregor Hoermann, Sigrid Machherndl-Spandl, Gregor Eisenwort, Michael Fillitz, Thamer Sliwa, Maria-Theresa Krauth, Peter Bettelheim, Wolfgang R. Sperr, Elisabeth Koller, Michael Pfeilstoecker, Heinz Gisslinger, Felix Keil, Robert Kralovics, Peter Valent
Summary: Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are characterized by uncontrolled expansion of myeloid cells, disease-related mutations in certain driver-genes including JAK2, CALR, and MPL, and a substantial risk to progress to secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML). The phenotype of putative CD34(+)/CD38(-) stem cells and CD34(+)/CD38(+) progenitor cells in MPN were established. MPN stem cells display a unique phenotype, including cytokine receptors, immune checkpoint molecules, and other clinically relevant target antigens. The disease-initiating capacity of putative MPN stem cells was confirmed in NSGS mice. Phenotypic characterization of neoplastic stem cells in MPN and sAML should facilitate their enrichment and the development of stem cell-eradicating (curative) therapies.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Christopher Paschen, Matthias Moll, Gabriela Altorjai, Manfred Hecking, Thorsten Fuereder, Joachim Widder, Harald Herrmann
Summary: Compared to conventional hydration (CH), the use of mannitol to shorten hydration time (SHM) can reduce the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma undergoing chemoradiation. In addition, higher cumulative cisplatin doses can be achieved with SHM. Female patients are at higher risk of AKI and receive lower cumulative cisplatin doses.
HEAD AND NECK-JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES AND SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK
(2023)
Article
Optics
Silia Babel, Laura Bollmers, Marcello Massaro, Kai Hong Luo, Michael Stefszky, Federico Pegoraro, Philip Held, Harald Herrmann, Christof Eigner, Benjamin Brecht, Laura Padberg, Christine Silberhorn
Summary: Interference between single photons is crucial for various quantum optics experiments and applications in quantum technologies like communication and computation. Using lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) as a new material platform for integrated quantum optics allows for operation at telecommunication wavelengths and integration of setups for improved stability, compactness, and scalability. By implementing a Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference in LNOI directional coupler, we achieve a high raw HOM visibility of (93.5 ± 0.7)%, establishing the foundation for advanced quantum experiments in LNOI.
Article
Optics
C. H. R. I. S. T. I. A. N. KIEssLER, H. A. U. K. E. Conradi, M. O. R. I. T. Z. Kleinert, V. I. K. T. O. R. Quiring, H. A. R. A. L. D. Herrmann, C. H. R. I. S. T. I. N. E. Silberhorn
Summary: A chip-size fully integrated fiber-coupled heralded single photon source (HSPS) module based on a hybrid integration of a nonlinear lithium niobate waveguide into a polymer board is presented. Photon pairs at 810 nm (signal) and 1550 nm (idler) are generated via parametric down-conversion pumped at 532 nm in the LiNbO3 waveguide. The module has a size of (2 x 1) cm2 and is fully fiber-coupled with one pump input fiber and two output fibers, achieving a heralded second-order correlation function of g(2) h = 0.05 with a heralding efficiency of & eta;h = 3.5% at low pump powers.
Article
Optics
Renato Domeneguetti, Michael Stefszky, Harald Herrmann, Christine Silberhorn, Ulrik L. Andersen, Jonas S. Neergaard-Nielsen, Tobias Gehring
Summary: This study presents a guided setup for single-mode squeezing on integrated titanium-indiffused periodically poled nonlinear resonators. By using single-mode fibers, a continuous-wave laser beam is delivered and the squeezed field is collected, with up to -3.17(9) dB of useful squeezing available in fibers. The generated squeezed light was applied in a fiber-based phase sensing experiment, showing a quantum enhancement in the signal-to-noise ratio of 0.35 dB. The investigation also reveals that photorefraction can cause system instabilities at high powers.
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Matteo Santandrea, Kai-Hong Luo, Michael Stefszky, Jan Sperling, Harald Herrmann, Benjamin Brecht, Christine Silberhorn
Summary: The paper investigates the performance of lossy SU(1,1) interferometers for single-photon pairs and examines the information contained in single counts and coincidences at the output. The classical Fisher information (FI) of both single and coincidence events is derived and studied as a function of internal and external losses. It is found that, in the absence of external losses, the FI of coincidence events is always higher or equal to that of single events. However, with external losses, the FI of single events can surpass that of coincidences. Additionally, coincidence measurement can help mitigate the effect of internal losses in the absence of external losses. Finally, when internal losses are above 50%, SU(1,1) interferometers outperform classical SU(2) interferometers.
QUANTUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Kristina Bertl, Sophie Livia Kogelnik, Edmund Kukla, Harald Herrmann, Steffen Schneider, Gabriela Altorjai, Andreas Stavropoulos
Summary: The study aims to investigate the oral health-related standard of care in HNC treatment across the EU. The findings revealed significant variations in dental assessment and preventive dentistry routines among different regions. However, including dental professionals in interdisciplinary treatment teams and providing dental treatment within the same hospital appear to improve the standard of care.
Review
Hematology
Peter Valent, Irina Sadovnik, Barbara Peter, Daniel Ivanov, Axel Schulenburg, Emir Hadzijusufovic, Michael Willmann, Thomas Ruelicke, Harald Herrmann, Werner Rabitsch, Heidrun Karlic, Karoline V. Gleixner, Wolfgang R. Sperr, Gregor Hoermann, Maik Dahlhoff, Michael Pfeilstoecker, Felix Keil, Thomas Lion, Thomas W. Grunt
Summary: The Vienna Cancer Stem Cell Club (VCSCC) was established in 2002 to support research on cancer stem cells and translate it into clinical applications. Over the years, the VCSCC has made significant contributions in the field of hematopoietic malignancies and leukemic stem cell research, organizing international conferences and discussions.
EXPERT REVIEW OF HEMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Matthias Moll, Harald Herrmann, Alexandru Zaharie, Gregor Goldner
Summary: The study evaluated the development of treatment for primary high-risk prostate cancer, focusing on bNED rates and acute GI side effects. Patients treated with 78 Gy had significantly better bNED rates compared to those treated with lower doses, with 50% more patients achieving bNED after a 9-year follow-up.
RADIOLOGY AND ONCOLOGY
(2022)