Journal
JOURNAL OF ASIAN EARTH SCIENCES
Volume 75, Issue -, Pages 95-109Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.07.013
Keywords
Mass extinction; Marine productivity; Paleoredox; Anoxia; Carbon isotopes; Volcanism; Rare earth elements
Categories
Funding
- 973 program [2011CB808800]
- NSFC [40839903, 40921062, 41073007]
- 111 program [B08030]
- Ministry of Education of China [20110145130001]
- Sedimentary Geology and Paleobiology program of the U.S National Science Foundation
- State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan [GPMR201301]
- [572]
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A detailed geochemical investigation of the Permian-Triassic boundary in a carbonate-ramp setting at Xiakou, South China, provides new insights regarding the role of volcanism in the largest mass extinction in Earth history. The Xiakou section records 9 intervals of volcanic activity, some producing up to 25-cmthick composite ash layers, during the latest Permian and earliest Triassic. Each volcanic episode coincided with major changes in marine environments. The largest changes occurred in conjunction with volcanic interval VI-4, correlative with the latest Permian mass extinction, during which (1) the oceanic oxygen-minimum zone expanded (as shown by framboidal pyrite flux), (2) marine productivity declined sharply (as shown by multiple productivity proxies), and (3) climate conditions became more humid (as shown by increased clay fluxes). The mechanism by which volcanic eruptions forced marine environmental changes may be inferred from the relationship between ash layer thickness and the magnitude of the associated negative C-isotope excursion. The most likely connection is through volcanogenic methane release to the atmosphere, possibly as a result of magmatic intrusions into the West Siberian Coal Basin, triggering increases in global temperature and humidity. These climate changes in turn resulted in stronger oceanic stratification, oxygen-minimum zone expansion, and a decline in marine productivity. The Xiakou section is important in demonstrating links between volcanism and the marine environment during the Permian-Triassic transition interval. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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