Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
A. Mazumdar, A. Thamizhavel, V Nanal, R. G. Pillay, A. Upadhyay, V. Vatsa, A. Reza, A. Shrivastava, Bhagyashree Chalke, S. Mallikarjunachary
Summary: This study investigates the transformation between the metallic (beta) and semiconducting (alpha) allotropes of tin, as well as the inconsistency in phase transition temperature. A protocol to reduce the formation of alpha-Sn has been proposed based on measurements, which could be useful in experiments utilizing superconducting tin-based detectors.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ulrike Boesenberg, Christian Henriksen, Kaare Lund Rasmussen, Yet-Ming Chiang, Jan Garrevoet, Dorthe B. Ravnsbaek
Summary: This paper investigates the state of LiFePO4 electrodes in graphite-LiFePO4 cells and reveals their high morphological and chemical stability, as well as the structural robustness of the olivine LiFePO4 structure. These findings highlight the potential for low-process recycling of LiFePO4 electrode materials.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Humanities, Multidisciplinary
Irene Barba Castagnaro, Antonello Nucera, Riccardo Cristoforo Barberi, Marco Castriota
Summary: The pigments used in majolicas made between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries in Gerace have been analyzed using micro-Raman spectroscopy. This study examined ten samples, including vases, majolica fragments, and vases of uncertain origin. Raman spectroscopic analysis identified the majority of the pigments used in these cultural heritage pottery, allowing for differentiation between artwork made in Gerace and elsewhere.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Victor Gonzalez, Ida Fazlic, Marine Cotte, Frederik Vanmeert, Arthur Gestels, Steven De Meyer, Frederique Broers, Joen Hermans, Annelies van Loon, Koen Janssens, Petria Noble, Katrien Keune
Summary: The Night Watch, painted by Rembrandt in 1642, is his most famous work and is displayed in the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam. X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) mapping revealed the presence of lead(II) formate in the painting, which was not previously reported in historical oil paints. Model oil paint media were prepared and analyzed to investigate the reactivity of lead driers in oil matrices, and lead(II) formate and lead(II) formate hydroxide were detected and mapped, providing new insights into historical paintings.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
J. S. Zuback, A. D. Iams, F. Zhang, L. A. Giannuzzi, T. A. Palmer
Summary: The addition of nitrogen in high temperature alloys leads to the formation of different nitride phases, which can enhance the high temperature and creep properties of the materials. However, there is a scarcity of data for nickel superalloys, making it difficult to accurately predict the formation of various phases.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Cyril Besnard, Robert A. Harper, Enrico Salvati, Thomas E. J. Moxham, Leon Romano Brandt, Gabriel Landini, Richard M. Shelton, Alexander M. Korsunsky
Summary: In this study, a multi-scale correlative approach was used to compare artificially demineralised human enamel with healthy enamel, revealing structural differences at the micron to sub-micron scale. The decrease in Ca/P atomic % ratio in etched samples compared to healthy enamel, as shown by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, suggests greater loss of calcium. Synchrotron wide-angle X-ray scattering was employed to analyze differences in lattice structure and texture before and after etching, providing insights into the demineralisation-induced enamel structure alteration.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
C. Yildirim, C. Jessop, J. Ahlstrom, C. Detlefs, Y. Zhang
Summary: Assessing local residual stress and orientation within steel grains at nanometer resolution remains challenging. Using dark field X-ray microscopy, 3D lattice variations in pearlitic steel were mapped, showing orientation variations and compressive elastic strain. These variations impact manufacturing processes and mechanical properties, but there is no direct correlation between measured compressive strain and lattice orientation.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Victory Armida Janine Jaques, Eva Zikmundova, Jiri Holas, Tomas Zikmund, Jozef Kaiser, Katarina Holcova
Summary: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a commonly used method for analyzing painting micro-samples with high resolution and precise surface analysis. In this field, low-vacuum SEM (LV-SEM) is mostly used, and this work presents two conductive cross-section preparation methods for non-conductive samples to reduce charging effects without impairing sample integrity.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ganesh Shridhar Hegde, A. N. Prabhu, Suchitra Putran, Ashok Rao, K. Gurukrishna, U. Deepika Shanubhogue
Summary: Composite polycrystalline samples of (Bi0.98In0.02)(2)Te2.7Se0.3/x%Bi2Se3 were prepared using the solid-state reaction approach, with varying amounts of Bi2Se3 (x = 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). The composite displayed a hexagonal crystal structure (space group: R3m) according to x-ray diffraction analysis. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of secondary particles on the sample surface. All samples exhibited typical semiconductor behavior across the entire temperature range. In the (Bi0.98In0.02)(2)Te2.7Se0.3 complex, bismuth was found to coordinate with six selenium atoms and there were significant selenium vacancies. Increased concentration of bismuth selenide led to a shift from a dissolution pattern to a substitutional pattern. The (Bi0.98In0.02)(2)Te2.7Se0.3/20%Bi2Se3 composition showed a two-fold decrease in electrical resistivity compared to (Bi0.98In0.02)(2)Te2.7Se0.3/5%Bi2Se3. Sintering and scattering of potential barrier resulted in the formation of granular material and increased Seebeck coefficient. A 200% increase in thermopower was observed for (Bi0.98In0.02)(2)Te2.7Se0.3/20%Bi2Se3 compared to (Bi0.98In0.02)(2)Te2.7Se0.3/5%Bi2Se3 compound.
JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Entomology
Nazaret Crespo, Jose Louzada, Lisete S. Fernandes, Pedro B. Tavares, Jose Aranha
Summary: Vespa velutina nigrithorax, a subspecies of Vespa velutina, has become a concern due to its invasive behavior in France. Its presence has negative impacts on ecosystems and pollinating species. This study aims to identify the composition of the materials used by the Asian hornet in the construction of secondary nest envelopes. The nests were found to be mainly composed of cellulose.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Arjun Kumawat, Sheetal Charan, Nutan Sharma, Pawan Kumar Kulriya, Yogendar Singh, Ankit Kumar Visshwakarma, Shubhra Mathur, Subodh Srivastava
Summary: Research progress in the synthesis of graphene-like nanosheets has been rapidly growing due to their incredible properties in various fields. Synthesis of graphene flakes is crucial for bulk quantity production, and the preparation of stack layer graphene-like nanosheets from industrial waste carbon flake is important for scalable production at a low cost.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Mining & Mineral Processing
Debashis Das, Brijes Mishra, Neel Gupta
Summary: This study investigated the strength variation of shale specimens with different sizes and found that grain size, quartz content, and clay content play crucial roles in affecting the strength of the specimens. The results showed that the 508-mm specimen had the lowest strength, with lower quartz content and higher clay content and grain size compared to the other two sizes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MINING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Antoine Trosseau, Anne Maigret, Yvan Coquinot, Ina Reiche
Summary: This study characterizes prehistoric cave art using portable X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy in a non-invasive manner, implementing a reliable protocol for identifying the chemical constituents of black figures. Different data evaluation protocols were compared and the best-suited one was applied to analyze 19 figures in the Font-de-Gaume cave, leading to the definition of various chemical groups among the manganese oxide-based paints within the cave context. Confirmation of these groups was done through complementary Raman investigations, showing consistency with similar cave art findings in the Rouffignac cave in Dordogne, France.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
I Burda, K. Zweiacker, A. Arabi-Hashemi, P. Barriobero-Vila, A. Stutz, R. Koller, H. Roelofs, L. Oberli, M. Lembke, C. Affolter, C. Leinenbach
Summary: Controlling the grain size of steels has a significant impact on their mechanical properties. This study successfully achieved microstructural refinement of a low-alloyed TRIP-assisted bainitic steel through a new industrial thermomechanical treatment. Fatigue tests showed the influence of this treatment on crack propagation behavior. Electron backscatter diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometry, and high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction were used to analyze the microstructure near the fatigue crack tip and assess the contribution of martensitic transformation to fracture toughness.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Iztok Naglic, Blaz Leskovar, Zoran Samardzija, Bostjan Markoli
Summary: This study investigated the influence of gallium addition on the phases formed in Al-Mn alloys during casting, revealing that an increase in gallium content led to the formation of IQCs and DQCs in the alloys. Microanalysis showed that IQCs contained more gallium and less manganese compared to DQCs.
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
M. Beltran, N. Schibille, B. Gratuze, O. Vallcorba, J. Bonet, T. Pradell
Summary: The study examines the materials, painting techniques, and conservation state of the enamelled stain glass of the Catalan Modernist workshops in Barcelona. These glasses are known for their creativity and artistic value, utilizing various textures, flashes, colors, and enamels. While corrosion is mainly caused by humidity, pollutants, and solar irradiation, the microstructure of the enamels also plays a role in their stability.
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Anthropology
E. Calparsoro, J. G. Inanez, G. Arana, M. D. Glascock
Summary: This paper focuses on the discoveries at Hospital Viejo site in Logrono, Spain, which revealed significant evidence of local pottery production during the 13th-15th centuries. The study sheds light on the material conditions of medieval and post-medieval society in inland Iberia. Through archaeometric analysis, the study identified three compositional groups of pottery production at Logrono and also detected pottery trading from Teruel and Valencia, supporting historical records of trade networks.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Uxue Sanchez-Garmendia, Javier G. Inanez, Gorka Arana
Summary: After long burial periods, ancient ceramics undergo chemical variability and contamination. Therefore, it is important to consider these alteration and contamination processes when studying ceramics to avoid incorrect interpretations about their origin, technology, and use. The study used various analytical techniques to identify newly formed minerals with different crystallization grades.
Article
Archaeology
Elena Salinas, Jorge De Juan, Juan M. Pinero, M. Teresa Casal, Nadine Schibille, Trinitat Pradell
Summary: This study challenges the assumption that glassmaking in the Western world preceded lead glazing technology and suggests that early Islamic al-Andalus was the site of indigenous glassmaking and its transfer to glazes. The close similarity between Islamic lead glazes and a distinct type of high-lead glass indicates a connection between the two technologies. The archaeological remains from a pottery workshop support the idea that the initial glazing process involved the production of lead glass rather than being linked to earlier Roman or contemporary glazing technologies.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geology
O. Vallcorba, M. Canillas, J. Audije-Gil, F. Barroso-Barcenilla, A. Gonzalez-Martin, J. Molera, M. A. Rodriguez, O. Cambra-Moo
Summary: Synchrotron radiation X-ray microdiffraction has been applied for the first time to analyze the growth and development of crocodilian teeth. Significant differences in hydroxyapatite crystallite sizes and texture were found between a fossil crocodylomorph and a modern crocodylian, suggesting different postdepositional processes and functional pressures during their lives. The crystalline texture in the tooth enamel seems to be influenced by teeth functionality and mechanical stress during crocodilian life.
CRETACEOUS RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Mingyue Yuan, Jiayu Hou, Giulio Gorni, Daniel Crespo, Yuan Li, Trinitat Pradell
Summary: Jun ware is a type of stoneware from the late Northern Song dynasty with a distinctive blue glaze that resembles the sky. The glaze is made up of transparent-dark-blue areas and white-yellowish areas, which are created by the different oxidation levels of iron ions in the glaze.
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Nuria Oriols, Nati Salvado, Trinitat Pradell, Nuria Jimenez, Marine Cotte, Victor Gonzalez, Salvador Buti
Summary: This study proposes an innovative approach using various micro-analytical imaging techniques to simulate and evaluate the effects of different conditions on the carbonation process in dolomitic mortars. The presence of Mg2+ was found to influence the microstructure and composition of dolomitic mortars, explaining the instability of aging dolomitic mortars observed in historical fresco paintings.
CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
J. Molera, M. Colomer, O. Vallcorba, T. Pradell
Summary: A High Temperature Synchrotron Radiation X-Ray Powder Diffraction experiment was conducted to investigate the formation of manganese compounds during heating and cooling processes, as well as the influence of different minerals on the products.
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Geology
Julia Audije-Gil, Maria Canillas, Fernando Barroso-Barcenilla, Melani Berrocal-Casero, Adolfo Del Campo, Armando Gonzalez Martin, Judit Molera, Oriol Vallcorba, Miguel A. Rodriguez, Oscar Cambra-Moo
Summary: Teeth provide valuable information about an organism's evolution, biology, and habitat. This study focuses on the microanatomy, histochemistry, and crystallographic nature of teeth from modern crocodilians and extinct Cretaceous crocodylomorphs. The findings reveal previously undescribed features in the dentine structure of the fossil teeth, possibly influenced by environmental circadian rhythms. Differences in crystallographic and chemical composition between modern and fossil material could be explained by postdepositional processes.
RIVISTA ITALIANA DI PALEONTOLOGIA E STRATIGRAFIA
(2022)
Article
Anthropology
Elena Salinas, Paul Reynolds, Trinitat Pradell
Summary: A selection of glazed ceramics from the medieval Islamic era in Utica has provided new insights into glaze technologies in the central Mediterranean. The pottery sequences indicate four main occupation phases and reveal changes in glazed wares during the Zirid period. The presence of different glazing techniques and the absence of tin confirm previous findings and suggest the reactivation of Mediterranean commerce.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Crystallography
Silvia Perez-Diez, Cheyenne Bernier, Javier G. Inanez, Maite Maguregui
Summary: This study presents a non-invasive in situ methodology using portable elemental and molecular spectroscopic-based instrumentation to assist provenance studies of archaeological cinnabar pigments. Six cinnabar ores and a pigment from Pompeii were analyzed, and a comparative study of in-situ and laboratory results was conducted. Chemometric data treatment was performed, revealing the need for additional methodologies in the laboratory. However, this methodology was useful for classifying the ores based on mineralogical differences.
Article
Archaeology
Nuria Oriols, Nati Salvado, Trinitat Pradell, Nuria Jimenez, Judith Juanhuix, Salvador Buti
Summary: Medieval texts describe the use of the three-tone system in Romanesque art to represent shape and volume. This study analyzes the mural paintings of Sant Climent de Taull church in Catalonia to verify the use and application of this system.
JOURNAL OF CULTURAL HERITAGE
(2023)
Article
Archaeology
Judit Molera, Aurelio Climent-Font, Gaston Garcia, Trinitat Pradell, Oriol Vallcorba, Alessandro Zucchiatti
Summary: Cobalt has been used historically to color glass and glazes blue, with the presence of arsenic in blue glazes since around 1500 possibly due to variations in the processing of cobalt ore. Laboratory tests have shown that roasting cobalt arsenide ore does not completely remove arsenic, suggesting that an arsenic-free cobalt ore like linnaeite is the most likely source for arsenic-free glazes.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE-REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Anthropology
Julia Becher, Alex Schoeman, Gavin Whitelaw, Stephen Buckley, Jean-Pierre Celliers, Sara Cafisso, Matthias Belser, Maxime Rageot, Cynthianne Spiteri
Summary: This study represents the first application of Organic Residue Analysis (ORA) to southern African early farming pottery to gain a deeper understanding of past human behavior and subsistence patterns. The study found evidence of dairy processing and multi-purpose functionality of the ceramics. It also discovered potential medicinal use and the involvement of dung in pottery sealing and mending.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Anthropology
Jon Clindaniel, Matthew Magnani
Summary: Large sources of digital trace data have become important in the study of material culture. The authors introduce a computational method to observe digital formation processes and highlight the importance of accounting for these processes in studies utilizing digital trace data.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Anthropology
Rebecca A. G. Reid, Miranda M. E. Jans, Lesley A. Chesson, Rebecca J. Taylor, Gregory E. Berg
Summary: Chemical treatment of skeletal remains can reduce overall DNA quality and quantity but has no significant impact on stable isotope ratio analysis. Examination of treated and untreated human remains through histological and stable isotope analysis reveals that treated remains exhibit better preservation compared to untreated remains. Stable isotope ratio analysis is viable for both treated and untreated remains, regardless of their origin.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Anthropology
Laura Tome, Eneko Iriartec, Antonio Blanco-Gonzalez, Margarita Jambrina-Enriquez, Natalia Eguez, Antonio V. Herrera-Herrera, Carolina Mallola
Summary: This paper presents the outcomes of a microcontextual geoarchaeological study conducted on earthen dwellings from the Early Iron Age village of Cerro de San Vicente. The study employed soil micromorphology, lipid biomarker analysis, XRD, and XRF analyses to investigate various aspects of the dwellings, including construction materials, site formation processes, and daily life practices. The results have shed light on the construction layers, floor use, maintenance, repaving, periods of abandonment and decay, and the presence of lipid biomarkers associated with dwelling functionality. The study significantly contributes to our understanding of ancient construction practices and the utilization of domestic spaces during the Early Iron Age.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2024)
