Amplified Responses in Materials Using Linear Polymers that Depolymerize from End-to-End When Exposed to Specific Stimuli

This review describes new types of smart materials that have the dual capabilities of responding to selective signals and providing an amplified response. Amplification arises from a signal-induced depolymerization reaction, where a single signaling event causes an entire polymer to convert to small molecules. When incorporated into a material, depolymerization of these polymers causes a change in shape, internal structure, or surfaces properties of the material. Moreover, the small molecules arising from depolymerization can play a role in the amplified response, particularly when they provide a secondary function (e.g., production of color or fluorescence). A brief overview of the current examples of linear depolymerizable polymers is provided, as are representative proof-of-concept applications of these polymers in the context of diagnostics and materials that remodel themselves and/or their surroundings. Together, these examples highlight the potential of this new class of polymers to provide unique and dramatic function to stimuli-responsive materials. (C) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.