Journal
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 16, Issue 11, Pages 1114-1123Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/ni.3298
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Funding
- National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia [1013667, 1063587, 1020770, AF50]
- Australian Research Council [CE140100011, LE110100106, FT140100278]
- Cancer Council Victoria
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Vaccine Accelerator
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [AI049313, AR048632, U19111224]
- Australian Research Council [FT140100278, LE110100106] Funding Source: Australian Research Council
- National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia [1063587] Funding Source: NHMRC
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While most studies of T lymphocytes have focused on T cells reactive to complexes of peptide and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins, many other types of T cells do not fit this paradigm. These include CD1-restricted T cells, MR1-restricted mucosal associated invariant T cells (MAIT cells), MHC class lb reactive T cells, and gamma(delta) T cells. Collectively, these T cells are considered 'unconventional', in part because they can recognize lipids, small-molecule metabolites and specially modified peptides. Unlike MHC-reactive T cells, these apparently disparate T cell types generally show simplified patterns of T cell antigen receptor (TCR) expression, rapid effector responses and 'public' antigen specificities. Here we review evidence showing that unconventional T cells are an abundant component of the human immune system and discuss the immunotherapeutic potential of these cells and their antigenic targets.
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