Article
Sport Sciences
Giuseppe Coratella, Emiliano Ce, Christian Doria, Marta Borrelli, Nicholas Toninelli, Susanna Rampichini, Eloisa Limonta, Stefano Longo, Fabio Esposito
Summary: Using the mechanomyographic (MMG) signal to detect voluntary activation (VA(MMG)), the study examined the effects of neural and mechanical factors on force output after passive stretching. The results showed that passive stretching increased dorsiflexion range but decreased joint passive stiffness, maximum voluntary contraction, VA, and VA(MMG).
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Anna Mika, Piotr Mika, Lukasz Oleksy, Anita Kulik
Summary: This study evaluated the changes in bioelectrical activity of lower limb muscles in claudicating patients during a 12-week supervised treadmill training program. The results indicated that both proximal and distal muscles showed beneficial changes after the training period, suggesting that increased foot plantar flexion and stronger push-off as well as greater hip extension were the main mechanisms contributing to the observed improvement in gait pattern.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Chien-Nan Liao, Chun-Hao Fan, Wei-Hsiu Hsu, Chia-Fang Chang, Pei-An Yu, Liang-Tseng Kuo, Bo-Ling Lu, Robert Wen-Wei Hsu
Summary: Archery athletes who underwent lower trapezius specific training showed improved performance, increased shoulder muscle strength, and changes in kinematics. The study highlights the importance of targeted training for fine-motor-skill sports like archery.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Anniek Heerschop, Corry K. van der Sluis, Raoul M. Bongers
Summary: The study found that training switching skills is crucial for successful prosthesis use, and the type of feedback during training does not affect skill transfer. Clinical relevant measures and myosignal features changed during training.
JOURNAL OF NEUROENGINEERING AND REHABILITATION
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Fangshi Zhu, Marcie Kern, Erin Fowkes, Taimoor Afzal, Jose-Luis Contreras-Vidal, Gerard E. Francisco, Shuo-Hsiu Chang
Summary: This study found that using a powered exoskeleton for gait training can alter neuromuscular coordination in stroke patients, especially on the paretic side. However, after training, the complexity, module composition, and activation timing of neuromuscular coordination remained unchanged.
JOURNAL OF NEURAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Chun Pong Lau, Jiang Liu, Hossein Souri, Wei-An Lin, Soheil Feizi, Rama Chellappa
Summary: Adversarial training is an effective defense against adversarial attacks, but sacrifices standard accuracy and lacks generalization. Recent research shows that using adversarial samples can improve generalization under unseen threat models. Motivated by this, the study proposes a new threat model that utilizes manifold information with Normalizing Flow, and develops novel attacks and defenses. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of standard accuracy, robustness, and generalization.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Zong-Yan Cai, Wen-Yi Wang, Yi-Ming Huang, Chih-Min Wu
Summary: The study found that foot cooling between sets during a leg press pyramid workout can significantly increase repetitions and electromyography values of the vastus lateralis muscle, suggesting an ergogenic effect and offsetting fatigue without increasing perceived exertion.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Kosuke Hirata, Yosuke Yamada, Natsuki Iida, Akihiro Kanda, Mikio Shoji, Tsukasa Yoshida, Ryota Akagi
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the association between phase angle and voluntary and evoked muscle contractile properties. The results showed that the phase angle significantly correlated with twitch contractile properties, maximal voluntary isometric contractions, and rate of torque development. However, it was not related to normalized rate of torque development or normalized EMG activity. The high-phase angle group exhibited better muscle properties.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Anna Hawliczek, Bianca Brix, Shamma Al Mutawa, Hanan Alsuwaidi, Stefan Du Plessis, Yunfang Gao, Rizwan Qaisar, Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui, Adel B. Elmoselhi, Nandu Goswami
Summary: Due to limited biological samples from returning space explorers, alternative models are needed to study spaceflight-related pathophysiology. This review provides an update on the hind-limb unloading model (HLU), which simulates microgravity in rodents. By removing gravitational load from the hind limbs, this model is widely used to study the effects of unloading on cardiovascular and musculoskeletal physiology. The advantages of HLU and its applications in understanding bedrest confinement and spaceflight effects are discussed.
Article
Biology
Paula Esteban-Garcia, Jose Fernando Jimenez-Diaz, Javier Abian-Vicen, Alfredo Bravo-Sanchez, Jacobo A. Rubio-Arias
Summary: This study analyzed the effect of 12 weeks of core muscle training on core muscle performance in rhythmic gymnasts. The findings showed that core strength training leads to improvements in body composition, trunk strength, and muscle electromyographic activity, which could enhance performance in competitive rhythmic gymnastics exercises.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hengbin Zhang, Lehua Wang, Jianlin Li, Huafeng Deng, Xiaoliang Xu
Summary: Conventional triaxial compression tests, triaxial compression tests on unloading damaged sandstone, and cyclic loading and unloading tests on unloading damaged sandstone were conducted to investigate the mechanical properties of rocks under stress disturbance and unloading confining pressure. The study revealed that the sandstone exhibits brittle failure under different stress paths, with shear failure being the dominant macroscopic failure mode. The load-bearing capacity, elastic modulus, and deformation modulus of the sandstone decrease significantly with increasing unloading damage. Microcracks in the sandstone are dominated by intergranular cracks, and their number increases with the increase of unloading quantity.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Lurdes avila-Carvalho, Filipe Conceicao, Juan A. Escobar-alvarez, Beatriz Gondra, Isaura Leite, Luis Rama
Summary: This study investigated the effects of 16 weeks of lower-limb strength training on the jumping performance of ballet dancers. The results showed that supplementary strength training significantly improved jump height, force, and velocity. It provides an effective way to improve jumping performance in young dancers.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
AmirAli Jafarnezhadgero, Amir Fatollahi, Ali Sheykholeslami, Valdeci Carlos Dionisio, Mohammad Akrami
Summary: The study showed that long-term running on sand can reduce over-pronated feet, increase medial gastrocnemius activity, and improve frontal plane pelvic stability through higher gluteus medius activity.
BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING ONLINE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Katja Tomazin, Filipa Almeida, Igor Stirn, Paulino Padial, Juan Bonitch-Gongora, Antonio J. Morales-Artacho, Vojko Strojnik, Belen Feriche
Summary: The study aimed to investigate neuromuscular adaptations in elite judo athletes after three weeks of power-oriented strength training at terrestrial altitude (2320 m). Altitude induced differences in muscular adaptations likely due to greater peripheral fatigue were observed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Sharon Olsen, Nada Signal, Imran Khan Niazi, Gemma Alder, Usman Rashid, Rasmus Bach Nedergaard, Denise Taylor
Summary: This study investigated the between-session reliability of voluntary activation (VA) and central fatigue in individuals with chronic stroke. The most reliable measure of VA was obtained using the CAR calculation on transformed data, while central fatigue measures demonstrated very poor reliability.
Article
Neurosciences
Trevor S. Barss, Behdad Parhizi, Vivian K. Mushahwar
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Emily N. Ainsley, Trevor S. Barss, David F. Collins
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2020)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Larisa K. Matwee, Mariam Alaverdashvili, Gillian D. Muir, Jonathan P. Farthing, Sarah A. Bater, Phyllis G. Paterson
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2020)
Article
Sport Sciences
Shane R. Schwanbeck, Stephen M. Cornish, Trevor Barss, Philip D. Chilibeck
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Neurosciences
Taryn Klarner, Gregory E. P. Pearcey, Yao Sun, Trevor S. Barss, E. Paul Zehr
EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Neurosciences
Justin W. Andrushko, Layla A. Gould, Doug W. Renshaw, Chelsea Ekstrand, Tibor Hortobagyi, Ron Borowsky, Jonathan P. Farthing
Summary: Through fMRI studies, it was found that increasing right-handgrip force resulted in greater ipsilateral sensorimotor activation and functional connectivity, correlating with relative handgrip force. High force contractions led to more pronounced network activation and connectivity within the sensorimotor network.
Article
Neurosciences
Trevor S. Barss, David F. Collins, Dylan Miller, Amit N. Pujari
Summary: The study found that upper limb vibration inhibits cutaneous and H-reflex transmission without affecting corticospinal excitability, possibly through increased presynaptic inhibition. This increased inhibition of spinal pathways with ULV may have significant implications for improving rehabilitation for individuals with spasticity.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Mackenzie D. Bone, Tarun Arora, Kristin E. Musselman, Joel L. Lanovaz, Gary A. Linassi, Alison R. Oates
Summary: Individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) use proactive balance strategies to adapt to slippery surfaces in a similar manner to able-bodied (AB) individuals, showing similar proportions and timing of adaptation to expected slip perturbations. Both groups exhibit cautious strategies during walking, with iSCI individuals walking slower with shorter steps, but both groups demonstrate effective feedforward changes to reduce slip severity.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Behdad Parhizi, Trevor S. Barss, Vivian K. Mushahwar
Summary: This study investigated the effects of transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) on spinal reflex and corticospinal excitability during cervico-lumbar coupling tasks. The results suggest that tSCS can enhance both spinal reflex and corticospinal pathways.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Trevor S. Barss, Bailey W. M. Sallis, Dylan J. Miller, David F. Collins
Summary: Rotating NMES pulses between multiple channels can reduce muscle contraction fatigability and generate larger contractions across a range of frequencies. However, using more channels may result in higher discomfort levels.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Trevor S. Barss, Behdad Parhizi, Jane Porter, Vivian K. Mushahwar
Summary: Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation has the potential to improve sensorimotor rehabilitation by modulating spinal cord circuitry non-invasively. It can alter excitability across multiple segments of the spinal cord with single-site stimulation, and multiple sites of stimulation can converge to facilitate spinal reflex and corticospinal networks. Further mechanistic research is needed to optimize targeted rehabilitation strategies and improve clinical outcomes.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Rehabilitation
Catherine M. Arnold, Joel Lanovaz, Jonathan P. Farthing, Hayley Legg, Melanie Weimer, Soo Kim
Summary: This study compared standard fall prevention exercises to a novel Fall Arrest Strategy Training (FAST) for older women. The results showed that both interventions improved strength, mobility, balance, and fall risk factors, with FAST also enhancing arm protective response speed.
CLINICAL REHABILITATION
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Caleb C. Voskuil, Justin W. Andrushko, Boglarka S. Huddleston, Jonathan P. Farthing, Joshua C. Carr
Summary: This review examines the impact of various factors on the cross-education of strength, including training frequency, intensity, type, volume, and adjuvant therapies. The study included 57 articles out of 912 that met the inclusion criteria. The results suggest that traditional resistance training frequencies at high intensities are effective in promoting cross-education, and neuromodulatory techniques can further enhance this effect when combined with unilateral resistance training.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
A. Manca, T. Hortobagyi, T. J. Carroll, R. M. Enoka, J. P. Farthing, S. C. Gandevia, D. J. Kidgell, J. L. Taylor, F. Deriu
Summary: This study reached consensus among international experts on terminology, methodology, mechanisms, and translational potential of cross-education. Recommendations include adopting the term "cross-education," specifying types of transfer, utilizing certain tools for studying mechanisms, maximizing intervention strategies, and designing study protocols for meaningful transfer. There is also a gap between research and clinical fields, with the consensus clarifying aspects and providing guidance for future cross-education studies.
Article
Rehabilitation
Hayley S. Legg, Jeff Spindor, Reanne Dziendzielowski, Sarah Sharkey, Joel L. Lanovaz, Jonathan P. Farthing, Cathy M. Arnold