Article
Optics
Jingyuan Zheng, You Xiao, Mingzhong Hu, Yuchen Zhao, Hao Li, Lixing You, Xue Feng, Fang Liu, Kaiyu Cui, Yidong Huang, Wei Zhang
Summary: In this work, a photon counting reconstructive spectrometer combining metasurfaces and superconducting nano-wire single-photon detectors is proposed. The prototype device fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator substrate supports spectral reconstruction of mono-color lights with a resolution of 2 nm in the wavelength region of 1500-1600 nm. The experiment results demonstrate its potential to be applied in scenarios requiring real-time measurement.
PHOTONICS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Giovanni V. Resta, Lorenzo Stasi, Matthieu Perrenoud, Sylvain El-Khoury, Tiff Brydges, Rob Thew, Hugo Zbinden, Felix Bussieres
Summary: Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) with high system detection efficiency (SDE), low dark counts, and fast recovery time have enabled the realization of various quantum optics technologies. This article presents an SNSPD array composed of 14 independent pixels, achieving an SDE of 90% in the telecommunications band. By reading each pixel of the array independently, the detection of telecommunication photons at 1.5 GHz with 45% absolute SDE is demonstrated. The dynamic photon-number resolution of the array is exploited for accurate state reconstruction of a wide range of light inputs, including long-duration light pulses obtained with cavity-based sources. Two-photon and three-photon fidelities of 74% and 57% are shown, respectively, representing state-of-the-art results for fiber-coupled SNSPDs.
Article
Optics
Yanqiu Guan, Haochen Li, Li Xue, Rui Yin, Labao Zhang, Hao Wang, Guanghao Zhu, Lin Kang, Jian Chen, Peiheng Wu
Summary: This article reviews the advantages and applications of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) in single-photon Lidar systems, and prospects the future development.
OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Maximilian Protte, Varun B. Verma, Jan Philipp Hoepker, Richard P. Mirin, Sae Woo Nam, Tim J. Bartley
Summary: In this study, we demonstrate the fabrication of micron-wide tungsten silicide superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors on a silicon substrate using laser lithography. We show the saturated internal detection efficiencies of different wire widths under illumination at 1550 nm. Both straight wires and meandered structures are demonstrated. Additionally, single-photon sensitivity is exhibited in devices up to 4 mm in length. Laser-lithographically written devices allow for fast and easy structuring of large areas while maintaining a saturated internal efficiency for wire widths around 1 μm.
SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Marco Colangelo, Boris Korzh, Jason P. Allmaras, Andrew D. Beyer, Andrew S. Mueller, Di Zhu, Stephen Smith, Wolfgang Becker, Lautaro Narvaez, Joshua C. Bienfang, Simone Frasca, Angel E. Velasco, Alexander B. Walter, Ekkehart Schmidt, Emma E. Wollman, Richard Mirin, Sae Woo, Karl K. Berggern, Matthew D. Shaw
Summary: The design of detectors based on transmission-line engineering and differential readout enables high system detection efficiency and low detector jitter. The differential detectors achieve a system detection efficiency of around 83.3% at 1550 nm and 78% at 775 nm. The detectors have short response time and can be used for time-correlated single-photon counting with high-dynamic-range response functions and photon-number resolution. The system has potential applications in quantum computing, quantum communication, and other scientific fields.
PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Claire E. Marvinney, Brian E. Lerner, Alexander A. Puretzky, Aaron J. Miller, Benjamin J. Lawrie
Summary: The study found that the kinetic inductance of large-area SNSPDs is affected by the optical spot size, with large spot sizes increasing the probability of slow rise times and showing a position sensitive response. Furthermore, in the case of low bias currents, dark counts arise from locations spanning the device.
SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Optics
Ling-Dong Kong, Hui Wang, Qing-Yuan Zhao, Jia-Wei Guo, Yang-Hui Huang, Hao Hao, Shi Chen, Xue-Cou Tu, La-Bao Zhang, Xiao-Qing Jia, Lin Kang, Jian Chen, Pei-Heng Wu
Summary: A kilopixel imager is developed by introducing an orthogonal time-amplitude-multiplexing method in superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. The readout is solely built in the nanowire structure to manipulate the hotspot growth and microwave propagation after photon detection. The experiment results show that the imager has high pixel fidelity and temporal resolution, making it suitable for single-photon imaging experiments in photon-starved conditions. This research is of great importance for the development of large-scale single-photon imagers in fields such as quantum measurements, remote sensing, and astronomical telescopes.
Article
Optics
Philipp Karl, Sandra Mennle, Monika Ubl, Philipp Flad, Jing-Wei Yang, Tzu-Yu Peng, Yu-Jung Lu, Harald Giessen
Summary: With the rapid progress of quantum technologies, superconducting nanowire single photon detectors have become a better alternative to conventional avalanche photodiodes, utilizing resonant plasmonic perfect absorber effects to achieve high absorption efficiency.
Article
Physics, Applied
Martin A. Wolff, Fabian Beutel, Jonas Schuette, Helge Gehring, Matthias Haeussler, Wolfram Pernice, Carsten Schuck
Summary: This work demonstrates a method to achieve high detection efficiency and wide wavelength range in a single waveguide-integrated SNSPD device, with efficient coupling between optical fibers and detectors through a three-dimensional interface.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Optics
Ioana Craiciu, Boris Korzh, Andrew D. Beyer, Andrew Mueller, Jason P. Allmaras, Lautaro Narvaez, Maria Spiropulu, Bruce Bumble, Thomas Lehner, Emma E. Wollman, Matthew D. Shaw
Summary: Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors show high efficiency, low timing jitter, and low dark counts. In this study, a detector with up to 78% detection efficiency, timing jitter below 50 ps FWHM, 158 counts/s dark count rate, and a maximum count rate of 1.5 giga-counts/s at 3 dB compression for single 1550 nm photons is presented. The detector consists of a linear array of 32 straight superconducting niobium nitride nanowires. Independent readout for each nanowire and a temporal walk correction technique are used to mitigate the trade-offs between detection efficiency and timing jitter. These detectors enable practical quantum communication on a 10 GHz clock.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lingdong Kong, Qingyuan Zhao, Hui Wang, Jiawei Guo, Haiyangbo Lu, Hao Hao, Shuya Guo, Xuecou Tu, Labao Zhang, Xiaoqing Jia, Lin Kang, Xinglong Wu, Jian Chen, Peiheng Wu
Summary: The spectrometer without wavelength multiplexing optics reduces complexity and physical footprint, achieving broadband spectral responsivity and high resolution. Additionally, precise time-of-flight measurements enable multifunctional LiDAR systems.
Article
Physics, Applied
Yiming Pan, Hui Zhou, Lu Zhang, Hao Li, Yan Tang, Huiqin Yu, Mengting Si, Lixing You, Zhen Wang
Summary: This study demonstrates the potential of NbN-SNSPDs for use in MIR applications, especially for longer MIR wavelengths, by fabricating SNSPDs with gamma-Nb4N3 films instead of delta-NbN films. The dependence of the normalized detection efficiency on the bias current showed a clear trend towards a saturated plateau for wavelengths up to 2145 nm, indicating the feasibility of using gamma-Nb4N3 SNSPDs for longer MIR wavelengths.
SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Emma E. Wollman, Varun B. Verma, Alexander B. Walter, Jeff Chiles, Boris Korzh, Jason P. Allmaras, Yao Zhai, Adriana E. Lita, Adam N. McCaughan, Ekkehart Schmidt, Simone Frasca, Richard P. Mirin, Sae Woo Nam, Matthew D. Shaw
Summary: Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors have shown potential for high pixel stability required for the Origins Space Telescope mission. Recent advances in fabrication techniques have expanded their sensitivity to mid-IR wavelengths and enabled larger active areas and pixel arrays.
JOURNAL OF ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPES INSTRUMENTS AND SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Lily Hallett, Ilya Charaev, Akshay Agarwal, Andrew Dane, Marco Colangelo, Di Zhu, Karl K. Berggren
Summary: The comprehensive study on molybdenum nitride (MoN) thin film deposition using direct current reactive magnetron sputtering revealed the material's potential for practical applications in low-temperature superconductors, such as single-photon detectors and transition-edge sensors. Additionally, the investigation of various deposition conditions showed the effect on the superconducting and electrical properties of the films, with meander-shaped single-photon detectors made from 5 nm MoN films demonstrating saturated quantum detection efficiency at the telecom wavelength of 1550 nm.
SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Hao Hao, Qing-Yuan Zhao, Ling-Dong Kong, Shi Chen, Hui Wang, Yang-Hui Huang, Jia-Wei Guo, Chao Wan, Hao Liu, Xue-Cou Tu, La-Bao Zhang, Xiao-Qing Jia, Jian Chen, Lin Kang, Cong Li, Te Chen, Gui-Xing Cao, Pei-Heng Wu
Summary: Photon number resolving is crucial for detectors in quantum and classical applications. By utilizing a matched filter and a cryogenic amplifier, the performance of series PNR-SNSPD can be improved, achieving a maximum resolved photon number of 65 or even larger.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2021)
News Item
Optics
Robert H. Hadfield
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shashi Prabhakar, Taylor Shields, Adetunmise C. Dada, Mehdi Ebrahim, Gregor G. Taylor, Dmitry Morozov, Kleanthis Erotokritou, Shigehito Miki, Masahiro Yabuno, Hirotaka Terai, Corin Gawith, Michael Kues, Lucia Caspani, Robert H. Hadfield, Matteo Clerici
Article
Optics
Hsuan-Hao Lu, Bing Qi, Brian P. Williams, Pavel Lougovski, Andrew M. Weiner, Joseph M. Lukens
Article
Physics, Applied
Gregor G. Taylor, Dmitry V. Morozov, Ciaran T. Lennon, Peter S. Barry, Calder Sheagren, Robert H. Hadfield
Summary: In this study, the extended infrared single-photon response of niobium nitride superconducting nanowires deposited by atomic layer deposition was reported. The superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors based on 4.65nm thick NbN were characterized at 2.5K, demonstrating single-photon sensitivity from 1310 to 2006nm with saturated response at shorter wavelengths.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Paul G. Baity, Dmytro A. Bozhko, Rair Macedo, William Smith, Rory C. Holland, Sergey Danilin, Valentino Seferai, Joao Barbosa, Renju R. Peroor, Sara Goldman, Umberto Nasti, Jharna Paul, Robert H. Hadfield, Stephen McVitie, Martin Weides
Summary: The study highlights the importance of cross-integration of spin-wave and superconducting technologies, achieving the integration of YIG and superconducting microwave devices using PFIB technology. It was found that strong coupling between superconducting resonators and YIG ferromagnetic resonance modes was successfully achieved at the micrometer scale.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Weikang Zhang, Abdullah Al-Khalidi, Jose Figueiredo, Qusay Raghib Ali Al-Taai, Edward Wasige, Robert H. Hadfield
Summary: Research shows that the dynamic behaviour of resonant tunneling diode-photodetectors is influenced by biasing positions and input perturbation intensity in stochastic spiking behavior. Additionally, these devices are capable of performing optical signal transmission and neuromorphic spike generation simultaneously, suggesting potential for innovative applications.
Article
Physics, Applied
Adetunmise C. Dada, Corin Gawith, Martin Lavery, Robert H. Hadfield, Daniele Faccio, Matteo Clerici, Kdrzej Kaniewski
Summary: The 2- to 2.5-mu m waveband shows promise for daylight quantum communication due to reduced solar background and low atmospheric propagation losses. Near-maximally entangled photon pairs at 2.1 mu m have been demonstrated in a laboratory setting, potentially supporting device-independent quantum key distribution.
PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Dmitry Morozov, Alessandro Casaburi, Robert H. Hadfield
Summary: The review highlights the exceptional performance of superconducting photon detectors in terms of sensitivity, spectral range and timing resolution. Detailed case studies of contemporary technologies for photon counting at visible and infrared wavelengths are presented. The review concludes with a perspective on future developments in this exciting area.
CONTEMPORARY PHYSICS
(2021)
Editorial Material
Physics, Applied
Bernard E. Cooper, Robert H. Hadfield
SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Alessandro Casaburi, Robert H. Hadfield
Summary: A hybrid superconducting optoelectronic circuit can be utilized to develop spiking neuromorphic networks that function at the single-quantum level.
NATURE ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Gregor G. Taylor, Ewan N. MacKenzie, Boris Korzh, Dmitry V. Morozov, Bruce Bumble, Andrew D. Beyer, Jason P. Allmaras, Matthew D. Shaw, Robert H. Hadfield
Summary: Detector timing jitter is a crucial parameter for photon counting applications, and superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors offer the fastest timing jitter in the visible to telecom wavelength range and exhibit single-photon sensitivity in the mid-infrared spectral region.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Rafael Luque Merino, Paul Seifert, Jose Duran Retamal, Roop K. Mech, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe, Kazuo Kadowaki, Robert H. Hadfield, Dmitri K. Efetov
Summary: A proof-of-concept nanodetector based on two-dimensional cuprate superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8-delta has been demonstrated to exhibit single-photon sensitivity at telecom wavelength at a record temperature of 20 K, paving the way for broader application of single-photon technologies.
Article
Physics, Applied
Silke A. Peeters, Ciaran T. Lennon, Marc J. M. Merkx, Robert H. Hadfield, W. M. M. (Erwin) Kessels, Marcel A. Verheijen, Harm C. M. Knoops
Summary: This work demonstrates that ultrathin superconducting TaCxN1-x films can be prepared using plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) with substrate biasing. The ion-energy control enables tuning of the composition, improves film quality, and shows clear dependence of the critical temperature of superconductivity on ion energy.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2023)
Review
Optics
Robert h. Hadfield, Jonathan Leach, Fiona Fleming, Douglas j. Paul, Chee hing Tan, Jo shien Ng, Robert k. Henderson, Gerald s. Buller
Summary: The development of single-photon detectors with picosecond timing resolution has driven progress in time-correlated single-photon counting applications, including quantum optics, life sciences, and remote sensing. Advanced optoelectronic device architectures offer high-performance single-pixel devices and the ability to scale up to detector arrays, increasing single-photon sensitivity.
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Gregor G. Taylor, Aongus McCarthy, Boris Korzh, Andrew D. Beyer, Dmitry Morozov, Ryan M. Briggs, Jason P. Allmaras, Bruce Bumble, Matthew D. Shaw, Robert H. Hadfield, Gerald S. Buller
2020 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
(2020)