Article
Physics, Applied
Guentae Doh, Holak Kim, Dongho Lee, Sanghoo Park, Stephane Mazouffre, Wonho Choe
Summary: A study was conducted on the structure of the ion acceleration region and the shape of the ion velocity distribution function in cylindrical Hall thruster plasmas, using laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy on Xe II metastable ions. It was found that ion acceleration mostly takes place outside the discharge channel, with the IVDF close to a single Gaussian distribution inside the channel and becoming asymmetric downstream. The measured ion velocity distributions downstream were in good agreement with double Gaussian distributions, with cold and hot ion groups, showing an R-squared greater than 0.995.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Chao Zhong, Hong Li, Yanlin Hu, Zhaoyu Wang, Yongjie Ding, Liqiu Wei, Daren Yu
Summary: A magnetically shielded Hall thruster (MSHT) has a longer service life than a conventional unshielded Hall thruster (USHT) due to the shifting of the magnetic field. This study demonstrates that the radial position of the externally mounted hollow cathode has a different influence on the performance of the MSHT compared to the USHT. In addition, the study introduces the concept of electron cross-field transport loss, which was not previously considered.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Alexander Schwertheim, Aaron Knoll
Summary: This study proposes an electric propulsion system that uses water as a propellant for a Hall effect thruster through in situ electrolysis. By supplying the generated oxygen to the thruster anode and the hydrogen to the neutralising cathode, the issue of cathode emitters being poisoned is mitigated. The system benefits from the low cost, high storability, and in situ resource utilisation potential of water, and can also synergize with water electrolysis chemical propulsion systems. The experimental results show that the wall material of the thruster channel has a significant impact on thrust, and increasing the thickness of the magnetic region within the thruster also reduces thrust, specific impulse, and thrust efficiency. The study evaluates the performance of the device under different power and mass flow conditions, and finds that the best performance is achieved with the shallowest channel depth, with the highest thrust, specific impulse, and anode thrust efficiency obtained at the lowest mass flow.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Davide Maddaloni, Adrian Dominguez-Vazquez, Filippo Terragni, Mario Merino
Summary: This study presents a data-driven modal analysis of plasma oscillations in a stationary plasma thruster-100-like Hall thruster. The results show that higher order dynamic mode decomposition (HODMD) can successfully uncouple the different dynamics of the oscillations, allowing for separate reconstruction of the breathing and ion transit time modes. It is also found that each plasma variable behaves differently in the different oscillation modes.
PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Tianyuan Ji, Liqiu Wei, Haifeng Lu, Shangmin Wang, Ning Guo, Hong Li, Yongjie Ding, Daren Yu
Summary: The study used a high-speed camera to capture the ionization process of a Hall thruster with slits, revealing that ionization intensity is distributed along the axis and that peak position and width of ionization vary with discharge current. Experiments and simulations suggest that low-frequency oscillations affect the peak position and width of ionization intensity.
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Filippo Cichocki, Adrian Dominguez-Vazquez, Mario Merino, Pablo Fajardo, Eduardo Ahedo
Summary: The simulation of a near plume of an SPT100-like Hall thruster reveals small asymmetries in most plasma plume properties and achieved magnetic thrust and torque. However, the 3D electric and electron current densities show persistent asymmetries that decrease with changes in the neutralizer position. The comparison of different polytropic coefficients and closure models for the electron temperature highlights differences in temperature but good agreement in current density.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Y. Dancheva, P. Coniglio, M. Da Valle, F. Scortecci
Summary: Significant information on the dynamics of plasma constituents in Hall effect thrusters can be obtained using minimally intrusive techniques, such as laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) diagnostics. The goal of this work is to propose a new technique for plasma dynamic studies based on LIF spectroscopy with phase-resolution during the breathing period. For this purpose, the Hilbert transform is used to define the instantaneous phase of oscillation of the thruster current, allowing for simultaneous and real-time measurement of ion velocity distribution modification over assigned phases of oscillation through fully numerical analysis of the data.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
A. L. Milder, J. Katz, R. Boni, J. P. Palastro, M. Sherlock, W. Rozmus, D. H. Froula
Summary: The electron velocity distribution functions driven by inverse bremsstrahlung heating were measured to be non-Maxwellian using a novel angularly resolved Thomson-scattering instrument. The shape of the tail in the distribution functions is influenced by the uniformity of the laser heating when the laser heating rate dominates over the electron-electron thermalization rate. Simulations with the particle code QUARTZ demonstrate the impact of laser heating uniformity on the distribution functions.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yuanyuan Gao, Weizong Wang, Kai Zhang, Yifei Li, Guobiao Cai
Summary: This paper studies the ionization characteristics and mechanism of two magnetic field configurations, and finds that there exists an additional ionization mechanism in the opposite polarity configuration, which may be the main cause for the enhancement of propellant utilization efficiency and narrowing of the ion energy distribution function curves.
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
J. M. Tejeda, A. Knoll
Summary: An investigation was carried out on a Hall Effect Thruster propelled by water vapour at the Imperial Plasma Propulsion Laboratory. A water vapour feed system was designed and optimized to maintain the water in vapour state. The efficiency of the thruster was measured using a hanging pendulum thrust balance, and a comparison was made between water vapour and oxygen as propellants.
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Thomas F. Munro-O'Brien, Charles N. Ryan
Summary: There is a growing need to consider alternative propellants for Hall thrusters, particularly for small Hall thrusters. A low power miniature Hall thruster has been designed and operated with different gaseous propellants, including xenon, krypton, argon, and diatomic nitrogen, achieving successful performance. This dataset and analysis provide valuable information on the performance of alternative gaseous propellants in the same thruster.
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Ethan P. Hopping, Wensheng Huang, Kunning G. Xu
Summary: This paper presents the design and performance of the UAH-78AM, a low-power small Hall effect thruster. The study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using cost-effective 3D printing in creating functional Hall thrusters and its impact on design space. The thruster demonstrated thrust measurements ranging from 17.2-30.4 mN over a discharge power of 280 W to 520 W, with an anode I-SP range of 870-1450 s.
Article
Physics, Applied
Parker J. Roberts, Vernon H. Chaplin, Alejandro Lopez Ortega, Ioannis G. Mikellides
Summary: This study experimentally characterizes plasma oscillations below 100kHz in a high-power, magnetically shielded Hall-effect thruster. A laser-induced fluorescence diagnostic was used to measure the evolution of the axial ion velocity distribution. A method was developed to correct for artificial broadening of the distribution and accurately measure ion temperature. The research reveals time-dependent ion heating behavior and the exchange of energy between ions and oscillations.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
James E. Polk, Robert Lobbia, Arthur Barriault, Pedro Pablo Guerrero Vela
Summary: Experimental results showed that the erosion rates on the cover of the inner front pole in a 12.5 kW Hall thruster are most sensitive to low voltage and current conditions, with increasing magnetic field strength leading to higher erosion rates, particularly near the inner radius. Additionally, the energy distributions of ions generated by the hollow cathode may also impact certain erosion trends.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Gregory J. Ward, Bruno Bueno, David Geisler-Moroder, Lars O. Grobe, Jacob C. Jonsson, Eleanor S. Lee, Taoning Wang, Helen Rose Wilson
Summary: This paper discusses the importance of accurate light transfer estimates for daylight predictions in architectural spaces, introducing the use of bi-directional scattering distribution function models for handling novel and specialized materials. While clear glazing and painted surfaces can be accurately predicted using parameter models, more complex daylighting materials present challenges for prediction accuracy.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Benjamin Vincent, Sedina Tsikata, George-Cristian Potrivitu, Laurent Garrigues, Gaetan Sary, Stephane Mazouffre
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2020)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Dongho Lee, Guentae Doh, Holak Kim, Laurent Garrigues, Wonho Choe
Summary: Two distinct discharge modes were observed in a 50 W-class micro-Hall thruster plasma under different operating conditions. In mode B, the thruster showed performance improvements in terms of thrust, specific impulse, and anode efficiency, suggesting that operation is more advantageous in mode B than in mode A for the utilization of such low-power Hall thrusters.
PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
L. Garrigues, B. Tezenas du Montcel, G. Fubiani, B. C. G. Reman
Summary: Researchers have proposed a sparse grid combination technique for simulating low temperature plasmas, which saves computational time by solving problems on fewer grid cells. By modeling the two-dimensional electron drift instability, they found that this method can offer computational time gains while maintaining an acceptable level of error.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
L. Garrigues, B. Tezenas du Montcel, G. Fubiani, F. Bertomeu, F. Deluzet, J. Narski
Summary: The paper demonstrates the interest of using a sparse grid combination technique to accelerate the explicit PIC model for self-consistently modeling capacitively coupled radio frequency discharges. It shows that the sparse PIC approach can accurately reproduce plasma profiles and energy distribution functions compared to the standard PIC model, with a speed up in the executable time between 2 and 5.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
G. Fubiani, R. Agnello, I Furno, L. Garrigues, Ph Guittienne, G. Hagelaar, A. Howling, R. Jacquier, B. Reman, A. Simonin, F. Taccogna
Summary: Negative hydrogen or deuterium ions are used as precursor particles in magnetic fusion devices to heat plasma core, inject current, and control instabilities. The production of negative ions inside a large volume low-pressure magnetized ion source and their acceleration before entering a neutralizer is crucial for generating a high power beam of neutrals. The use of cesium to increase negative ion yield may lead to diffusion issues, requiring regular maintenance in a nuclear environment.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
W. Villafana, F. Petronio, A. C. Denig, M. J. Jimenez, D. Eremin, L. Garrigues, F. Taccogna, A. Alvarez-Laguna, J. P. Boeuf, A. Bourdon, P. Chabert, T. Charoy, B. Cuenot, K. Hara, F. Pechereau, A. Smolyakov, D. Sydorenko, A. Tavant, O. Vermorel
Summary: In this paper, a representative simulation test-case of E x B discharges involving plasma wall interactions and two instabilities is proposed. Seven independently developed particle-in-cell (PIC) codes simulated this case, showing good agreement in capturing both instabilities and main plasma parameters.
PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
N. de Mejanes, R. Pascaud, V. Mazieres, A. Rossi, V. Laquerbe, L. Garrigues, O. Pascal
Summary: This article focuses on the electromagnetic interaction between the propulsion and communication subsystems on CubeSats. It proposes a numerical multi-physics method to quantify the disturbance caused by an electric thruster's plume on the antenna of a CubeSat. By coupling a plume simulation model with electromagnetic simulation software, the changes in radiation patterns and radioelectric characteristics of a dipole antenna near a Hall thruster's plume on a 6U platform are analyzed. This versatile method allows for representation of microwave propagation through a plume for various antennas, thruster's plumes, or relative positions.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Yoann Bernard-Gardy, Jean-Charles Mateo-Velez, Francois Issac, Julien Jarrige, Gael Murat, Laurent Garrigues, Denis Payan
Summary: This paper presents efforts to improve the characterization of electrostatic discharges induced by severe spacecraft surface charging events. The novelty of this work lies in the design and implementation of a test setup that provides more refined information than conventional techniques. The test setup was applied to two different nanosatellite mockups, resulting in significantly improved measurement precision. This setup can be used to evaluate and predict inrush currents caused by electrostatic discharges in hazardous space weather conditions.
JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
L. Nicolle, P. Sarrailh, L. Garrigues, S. Hess, M. Villemant
Summary: This study validates electric thruster plume simulations using in-flight data from the retarding potential analyzers (RPAs) on the Russian geostationary telecommunication satellite Express-A #3. The probe theory conventionally used to interpret measurements is only valid when the probe is oriented towards the thruster. A new RPA probe model is presented, which accurately describes the physics of a tilted probe and enables comparison with in-flight data.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
L. Garrigues, G. Fubiani
Summary: This tutorial focuses on plasma sources used in fusion devices and high-energy accelerators. It discusses the production of negative ions from hydrogen-isotope gases and their extraction and acceleration processes. It highlights the inefficiency of negative ion production through dissociative electron attachment and emphasizes the alternative solution of surface production. The tutorial also addresses the challenges of analyzing and understanding the extraction mechanisms and suggests future research directions.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Filippo Cichocki, Francesco Taccogna, Laurent Garrigues
FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Fabrice Deluzet, Gwenael Fubiani, Laurent Garrigues, Clement Guillet, Jacek Narski
Summary: The present paper introduces novel parallelization strategies specific to shared memory architectures tailored for Particle-In-Cell methods implementing sparse grid reconstructions, achieving speed-up exceeding 100 on 128 cores. Additionally, substantial gains are introduced for sequential as well as parallel computation of the electric field thanks to the hierarchization procedure, resulting in a significantly reduced number of operations.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Fabrice Deluzet, Gwenael Fubiani, Laurent Garrigues, Clement Guillet, Jacek Narski
Summary: In this paper, an efficient implementation of sparse grid Particle-In-Cell (PIC) methods based on General Purpose Graphical Processing Unit (GPGPU) is proposed. The parallelization with GPU-specific strategies achieves speed-ups as large as 100 on a single Tesla V100 GPU compared to sequential CPU execution, and reduces computational time by four orders of magnitude compared to standard PIC sequential CPU simulation. Moreover, the simple implementation of parallelization with the OpenACC framework provides portability to a wide range of accelerators.
COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
F. Taccogna, F. Cichocki, D. Eremin, G. Fubiani, L. Garrigues
Summary: This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the application of particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision models in various plasma-propulsion configurations and scenarios, as well as the modeling of plasma-wall interaction. It also introduces the latest progress in accelerating computational techniques and the application of plasma chemistry Monte Carlo modules for multi-dimensional simulations and alternative propellants.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Fabrice Deluzet, Gwenael Fubiani, Laurent Garrigues, Clement Guillet, Jacek Narski
Summary: In this article, we propose and analyze a method that embeds sparse grid reconstructions into Particle-In-Cell (PIC) methods. Numerical evaluations and comparisons with existing PIC schemes demonstrate its potential.
ESAIM-MATHEMATICAL MODELLING AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
(2022)