Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Garima Arora, Jinto Thomas, H. C. Joshi
Summary: This article reports on the rather long time emission (approximately 250 microseconds) from aluminum neutrals (Al I) in a ns laser-produced plasma in the presence of ambient argon. The study investigates the effects of laser power density, background pressure, and distance from the target. In addition to the previously observed slow and fast peak components in the emission spectra, a very long delayed emission is also observed for the first time, which is found to depend on various factors including laser power density, distance from the target, ambient gas, and pressure. The emission is only observed from Al neutrals and is most likely the result of excitation and subsequent emission from Al neutrals due to energy transfer from metastables of the ambient gas.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Vitali V. Kononenko, Kuralay K. Ashikkalieva, Natalia R. Arutyunyan, Alexey M. Romshin, Taras Kononenko, Vitaly Konov
Summary: We conducted an experimental study on laser-induced plasma in a gold aqueous solution and explored the correlation between plasma properties and the rate of gold nanoparticles synthesis. The concentration of photo-excited carriers was measured using pump-probe and scattering microscopy techniques. The experimental data helped us identify the ionization mechanisms in liquid water and link them to the synthesis of nanoparticles.
JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yosuke Minowa, Shota Aoyagi, Sosuke Inui, Tomo Nakagawa, Gamu Asaka, Makoto Tsubota, Masaaki Ashida
Summary: Impurity injection into superfluid helium is a method with diverse applications, but the interaction mechanism with dense materials is still unclear. This study provides experimental evidence of the attraction between dense silicon nanoparticles and quantized vortex cores, and observes the phenomenon of quantized vortex reconnection.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Huize Wang, Simon Delacroix, Oliver Osswald, Mackenzie Anderson, Tobias Heil, Enrico Lepre, Nieves Lopez-Salas, Richard B. Kaner, Bernd Smarsly, Volker Strauss
Summary: Despite centuries-old experience in carbonizing materials, new lessons can still be learned and new applications can be found for carbonized materials. Laser-carbonization offers a method for patterning eco-friendly and potentially biodegradable electronic materials for future applications in flexible electronics.
Article
Physics, Applied
S. S. Harilal, E. J. Kautz, M. C. Phillips
Summary: We present the spatiotemporal evolution of emission and absorption signatures of Al species in a nanosecond laser-produced plasma (LPP). The measurements were conducted using time-of-flight (TOF) emission and laser absorption spectroscopy, providing kinetic information of the excited state and ground state populations. Multiple peaks were observed in the temporal profiles of the emission and absorption signatures, corresponding to different spatial locations and times. The absorption spectra were used to measure linewidths, column density, and kinetic temperature, while the emission spectra were used to measure excitation temperature. The combination of TOF and spectral measurements offers a more complete understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics of the LPP.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
R. S. Dorst, C. G. Constantin, D. B. Schaeffer, J. J. Pilgram, C. Niemann
Summary: Measurements of ion velocity distribution in an explosive laser produced plasma were conducted using laser induced fluorescence (LIF). The effects of fluorescence power and laser irradiance on the saturation vs non-saturation regime were evaluated. The small size of the LIF beam allowed for high spatial resolution in the measurement.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Yiming Pan, Kentaro Tomita, Yukihiko Yamagata, Atsushi Sunahara, Katsunobu Nishihara
Summary: This study reports the evolution history of laser produced plasma (LPP) expansion dynamics, providing experimental evidence for theoretical models. The results suggest that during the laser pulse, the LPP expands approximately isothermally and predominantly in a one-dimensional manner in the target normal direction.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
G. Rigon, B. Albertazzi, T. Pikuz, P. Mabey, V Bouffetier, N. Ozaki, T. Vinci, F. Barbato, E. Falize, Y. Inubushi, N. Kamimura, K. Katagiri, S. Makarov, M. J-E Manuel, K. Miyanishi, S. Pikuz, O. Poujade, K. Sueda, T. Togashi, Y. Umeda, M. Yabashi, T. Yabuuchi, G. Gregori, R. Kodama, A. Casner, M. Koenig
Summary: This study successfully measured the turbulent spectrum in a laser-plasma experiment at the micron scale, providing a platform for the direct comparison of experimental results, theory, and numerical simulations.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
A. Young, W. G. Graham, T. J. Morgan, L. Huwel
Summary: The experimental investigation on laser-induced breakdown in water following repeated laser pulses reveals distinct phases influenced by repetition rate, particle concentration changes, and microbubbles in the laser path. The effects of multiple pulses include decrease in emission intensity, broadening and narrowing of the center of intensity, and eventual stabilization of plasma properties.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shazia Bashir, Asadullah Dawood, Asma Hayat, Sameh Askar, Zubair Ahmad, Hijaz Ahmad, Muhammad Asad Khan
Summary: This paper investigates the surface and mechanical changes of Cu and the plasma-assisted ablation parameters. Instruments like LIBS, QCM, OEM, SEM, and Vicker's hardness tester are used to evaluate the physical characteristics of laser-irradiated Cu. The study shows that pressure and the composition of inert ambient gases affect the emission intensities, electron temperature, electron number density, sputtering yield, ablation depth, surface morphology, and hardness of laser-ablated Cu.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Shahab Ahmed Abbasi, Bushra Ilyas, Ashiq Hussain Dogar, Hamza Qayyum, Nasar Ahmed, Taj Muhammad Khan, Abdul Qayyum
Summary: The distribution of energy and charge state of carbon ions, carbon cluster ions, and protons produced during laser irradiation of graphite was investigated. Different charge states and energy ranges were observed for these ions at various laser fluences. The presence of energetic protons at a high laser fluence was surprising. The complex ion accelerating mechanism was discussed within the framework of the electrostatic model.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Balazs Barhacs, Ewald Janssens, Tibor Hoeltzl
Summary: A possible solution for reducing atmospheric CO2 concentration is converting it into valuable chemicals using small copper clusters supported by graphene. The size of the copper clusters affects the reactivity and selectivity towards C-1 and C-2 products in the electrochemical reduction of CO2.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pan Zheng, Wugui Jiang, Qinghua Qin, Duosheng Li
Summary: In this study, the molecular dynamics method was used to investigate the influence of helium on the dynamic behavior of a heterogeneous rotation transmission nano-system built on carbon nanotubes and boron nitride nanotube. The results show that gas density and system temperature are the two main factors affecting the RTS transmission behavior, with higher temperature and lower motor input frequency leading to a larger critical working helium density range.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
A. L. Milder, J. Zielinski, J. Katz, W. Rozmus, D. Edgell, A. Hansen, M. Sherlock, C. Bruulsema, J. P. Palastro, D. Turnbull, D. H. Frouda
Summary: Measurements were conducted to investigate the growth rate of the return current instability, which was found to be consistent with nonlocal transport. The maximum growth rate of 5.1 x 10^9 Hz obtained through Thomson scattering was three times lower than the prediction of the classical Spitzer-Harm theory. The measured plasma conditions suggested the presence of nonlocal heat flux, and Vlasov-Fokker-Planck simulations considering nonlocality were able to reproduce the observed growth rates. Furthermore, the measured threshold for the return current instability agreed well with previous theoretical models.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
P. Nica, C. Ursu, C. Focsa
Summary: This study investigated the vacuum expansion of a transient carbon plasma produced by KrF excimer laser, and found a significant increase in the production of C2+ and C1+ fast ions with higher laser pulse energy. The slower singly charged ions in the thermal plasma part were less affected by the irradiation conditions.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
S. S. Harilal, E. J. Kautz, M. C. Phillips
Summary: We present the spatiotemporal evolution of emission and absorption signatures of Al species in a nanosecond laser-produced plasma (LPP). The measurements were conducted using time-of-flight (TOF) emission and laser absorption spectroscopy, providing kinetic information of the excited state and ground state populations. Multiple peaks were observed in the temporal profiles of the emission and absorption signatures, corresponding to different spatial locations and times. The absorption spectra were used to measure linewidths, column density, and kinetic temperature, while the emission spectra were used to measure excitation temperature. The combination of TOF and spectral measurements offers a more complete understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics of the LPP.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Ryan T. Rhoades, Reagan R. D. Weeks, Seth E. Erickson, Caroline Lecaplain, Sivanandan S. Harilal, Mark C. Phillips, R. Jason Jones
Summary: The broadband and high-resolution absorption spectra of molecular cerium oxide (CeO) are obtained using dual-comb spectroscopy in a laser-produced plasma. Simultaneous measurements of Ce and CeO are used to investigate the time-resolved dynamics of the system. The high spectral resolution allows for the simultaneous detection of numerous closely spaced rotational transitions in complex CeO bands.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Elizabeth J. Kautz, Sten Lambeets, Jacqueline Royer, Daniel E. Perea, Sivanandan S. Harilal, Arun Devaraj
Summary: Compositional partitioning during uranium alloy oxidation was studied using complementary ex situ-in situ atom probe tomography. The results revealed the formation of hypostoichiometric uranium oxide under all environmental conditions. Redistribution of molybdenum, hydrogen, carbon, and silicon impurities was observed, affecting the composition of the oxide film.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Reagan R. D. Weeks, Yu Zhang, Sivanandan S. Harilal, Mark C. Phillips, R. Jason Jones
Summary: Dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) is a novel diagnostic tool for analyzing excitation temperatures and column densities in laser-produced plasmas (LPPs). In this study, DCS was used to measure the excitation temperatures and column densities of Nd, Gd, and Fe in a multielement alloy. The results showed that the excitation temperatures of Nd I and Gd I were consistent at all time-delays, while the Fe I temperature was higher and the column density ratios varied with delay.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2022)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
S. S. Harilal, M. C. Phillips, D. H. Froula, K. K. Anoop, R. C. Issac, F. N. Beg
Summary: This article provides an overview of optical diagnostic tools frequently used for the characterization of laser-produced plasmas (LPPs), focusing on the low to moderate laser intensity regime. The review emphasizes the techniques, assumptions, and challenges associated with these diagnostic tools.
REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Yingchao Huang, Sivanandan S. Harilal, Abdul Bais, Amina E. Hussein
Summary: Optical emission spectroscopy, known as LIBS, is a rapid soil analysis technique. However, challenges like matrix effects and quantification issues need further study, especially for heterogeneous samples like soils. Advancements in machine learning can overcome these challenges and enhance the potential of LIBS in soil analysis.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Sivanandan S. S. Harilal, Uri Shumlak, Justin Little
Summary: ICOPS is an annual conference that brings together plasma physics researchers to discuss various applications of plasma science and technology. It is organized by the PSAC of the IEEE NPSS.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
M. P. Polek, E. J. Kautz, T. Ahmed, B. R. Kowash, F. N. Beg, S. S. Harilal
Summary: The ion emission properties of laser-produced plasmas were investigated with varying laser intensities and angles. The ion profiles consist of multiple peaks and each peak follows a unique trend as a function of laser intensity, angle, and distance. Simple analytical models can explain the ion properties, and the variations in ion velocity and density agree with theoretical models of acceleration, expansion, and plasma flow.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Mark C. Phillips, Elizabeth J. Kautz, Sivanandan S. Harilal
Summary: High-resolution tunable laser absorption spectroscopy is used to measure time-resolved absorption spectra for six neutral uranium transitions in a laser-produced plasma. Analysis of the spectra shows that kinetic temperatures are similar for all six transitions, but excitation temperatures are higher than kinetic temperatures from 10-100 microseconds, indicating departures from local thermodynamic equilibrium.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Elizabeth J. J. Kautz, Mark C. C. Phillips, Prasoon K. K. Diwakar, Alla Zelenyuk, Sivanandan S. S. Harilal
Summary: The kinetics of ion and neutral atom emissions in nanosecond laser-produced plasmas were investigated for different metal targets and an alloy. It was found that the most probable velocities of ions and atoms decrease with increasing atomic mass. The velocities of ions from the alloy target represent a weighted average of all ions. Both ions and atoms exhibit decreased velocities with increasing heat of vaporization and melting temperature. The kinetic energies of neutral atoms from pure metal targets have some variability with atomic mass, whereas those from the alloy target are more similar, possibly due to collisions between species in the Knudsen layer.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2023)
Article
Spectroscopy
Elizabeth J. Kautz, Mark C. Phillips, Sivanandan S. Harilal
Summary: We measured the time-resolved emission spectroscopic signatures of Ta, TaO, and TaN from a laser-produced plasma. Varying the O2/N2 percentages in the gaseous environment, we observed that Ta oxide emission is more prominent in later stages of plasma evolution, while strong atomic emission is present in the early stages in air. The emission intensity of TaO increases, and its peak intensity appears earlier with increasing O2 availability. Additionally, we found that the presence of O2 favors TaO formation over TaN in the plasma chemistry.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Elizabeth J. Kautz, Alla Zelenyuk, Bharat Gwalani, Matthew J. Olszta, Mark C. Phillips, Manuel J. Manard, Clare W. Kimblin, Sivanandan S. Harilal
Summary: The role of ambient oxygen gas in laser ablation plumes on molecular and nanoparticle formation and agglomeration was studied. The presence of O2 impacts the emission spectra, cluster size, and agglomeration behavior of nanoparticles. These findings are important in understanding debris formation in an explosion event.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Elizabeth J. Kautz, Annie Xu, Ajay V. Harilal, Mathew P. Polek, Andrew M. Casella, David J. Senor, Sivanandan S. Harilal
Summary: Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy is a promising method for the rapid analysis of Li and its isotopes. However, challenges arise from spectral broadening, fine and hyperfine structures, and self-reversal effects. This study investigates the impact of ambient gases on line broadening and self-reversal of Li isotopes in laser produced plasmas. The results show that lower pressures and optimized plasma conditions can improve the accuracy of isotopic analysis.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Elizabeth J. Kautz, Alla Zelenyuk, Bharat Gwalani, Mark C. Phillips, Sivanandan S. Harilal
Summary: This study investigates the evolution from gas-phase oxidation to nanoparticle and agglomerate formation in nanosecond laser-produced plasmas of a multi-principal element alloy target. The results highlight the importance of the target composition in the formation of gas-phase molecules, as well as the morphology, composition, and structure of nanoparticles and agglomerates formed.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Elizabeth J. Kautz, Mark C. Phillips, Alla Zelenyuk, Sivanandan S. Harilal
Summary: The temporal evolution of atoms and molecules in a laser-produced plasma from metal targets was investigated using optical emission spectroscopy. The results showed that the partial pressure of O-2 strongly influences spectral features and molecular formation in laser-produced plasmas.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2022)
