Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
R. Jean Cadigan, Margaret Waltz, Gail E. Henderson, John M. Conley, Arlene M. Davis, Rami Major, Eric T. Juengst
Summary: This study presents the views of 212 U.S.-based scientists on the governance of human genome editing research. Most scientists do not believe that scientists should self-govern human genome editing research due to conflicts of interest, the inevitability of rare bad apples, historical evidence to the contrary, and the limitations of scientific expertise. Scientists emphasize interdisciplinary professional and public input in governing human gene editing research.
HUMAN GENE THERAPY
(2022)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Gary E. Marchant
Summary: Human gene editing, categorized into somatic therapy, heritable gene editing, genetic enhancement, and research, is subject to varying degrees of governance globally, especially in terms of heritable gene editing and genetic enhancement. The differences in regulatory approaches among different nations highlight the complex nature of human gene editing and call for a polycentric approach in governance.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF GENOMICS AND HUMAN GENETICS, VOL 22, 2021
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Marcelo Calderon, Sarah Hedtrich
Summary: This article discusses the design and biological assessment of delivery systems for gene editing tools like CRISPR in skin and mucosal surfaces, highlighting the current state-of-the-art, current knowledge, and translational gaps towards improved translation.
ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Mario Escobar, Jing Li, Aditi Patel, Shizhe Liu, Qi Xu, Isaac B. Hilton
Summary: CRISPR/Cas technologies have revolutionized genome design and gene expression regulation. However, the efficacy of different CRISPR/Cas systems in human cells remains unclear, making it challenging to select the optimal technology and limiting its practical applications. In this study, a series of testbed systems were designed to evaluate the capabilities of 10 different Cas protein variants in genome editing, CRISPRi, and CRISPRa. The results show that Cas9 >= Cas12a > Cas12e/Cas12j are more effective in genome editing and CRISPRa applications.
ACS SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Chenzhong Kuang, Yan Xiao, Dirk Hondmann
Summary: This paper presents a cleavage-free gene editing approach called replication interrupted template-driven DNA modification (RITDM). The RITDM system uses sequence-specific DLR fusion molecules to temporarily block DNA replication forks, exposing single-stranded DNA for precise editing with DNA sequence modification templates. The study demonstrates the safety and effectiveness of RITDM for gene editing in human cells.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qing Xiong, Angel Tsz-Yau Wan, Xiaoyu Liu, Cathy Sin-Hang Fung, Xiaojun Xiao, Nat Malainual, Jinpao Hou, Lingyi Wang, Mingqiang Wang, Kevin Yi Yang, Yubao Cui, Elaine Lai-Han Leung, Wenyan Nong, Soo-Kyung Shin, Shannon Wing-Ngor Au, Kyoung Yong Jeong, Fook-Tim Chew, Jerome Ho-Lam Hui, Ting-Fan Leung, Anchalee Tungtrongchitr, Nanshan Zhong, Zhigang Liu, Stephen Kwok-Wing Tsui
Summary: This study examines the evolutionary origin, diverse lifestyles, and quick adaptation of astigmatic mites in human household environments using six high-quality assembled and annotated genomes. The research reveals that astigmatic mites evolved from Prostigmata, notorious plant pests, and rapidly diversified from soil oribatid mites. The study also highlights the rapid expansion of gene families via tandem gene duplications in astigmatic mites, providing genetic resources for adaptation to changing household environments. Additionally, massive horizontal gene transfer events occurred during the evolution of astigmatic mites, enabling detoxification and digestive functions and offering potential drug targets for pest control.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marius Doring, Kevin De Azevedo, Guillermo Blanco-Rodriguez, Francesca Nadalin, Takeshi Satoh, Matteo Gentili, Xavier Lahaye, Nilushi S. De Silva, Cecile Conrad, Mabel Jouve, Mireille Centlivre, Yves Levy, Nicolas Manel
Summary: The study identified that infection of human DCs by MVA results in early viral gene expression and different responses in distinct clusters of DCs, including production of inflammatory cytokines, upregulation of costimulatory molecules, and apoptosis.
Article
Psychiatry
Attila Szabo, Ibrahim A. Akkouh, Matthieu Vandenberghe, Jordi Requena Osete, Timothy Hughes, Vivi Heine, Olav B. Smeland, Joel C. Glover, Ole A. Andreassen, Srdjan Djurovic
Summary: This study investigated the temporal patterns and functional changes of astroglia differentiation in schizophrenia using a human iPSC-derived astrocyte model. The results revealed SCZ-specific gene expression dynamics in astrocytes, with enrichment of differentially expressed genes targeting VWA5A and ADAMTS19 in specific brain regions. SCZ astrocytes also showed alterations in calcium signaling, glutamate uptake, and metalloproteinase activity compared to controls, suggesting potential biological components of SCZ pathology.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mu Li, Aaron Zhong, Youjun Wu, Mega Sidharta, Michael Beaury, Xiaolan Zhao, Lorenz Studer, Ting Zhou
Summary: Li et al. found that co-delivering a dominant negative fragment of p53 (p53DD) greatly enhances the efficiency of precise editing in human pluripotent stem cells for prime editing and cytosine base editing, without compromising the genome-wide safety.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
John H. Evans
Summary: The ethical debate over human gene editing (HGE) has been ongoing since the 1950s, with differing opinions on whether it can enhance the quality of the human population or if it poses risks of sliding into a dystopian future. While some see eugenics as a utopian society, the majority believe that ethical barriers are necessary to prevent the negative consequences of genetic manipulation.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sawsan Abuhammad, Omar F. Khabour, Karem H. Alzoubi
Summary: The study aimed to address the ethical challenges of gene editing in the MENA region. Researchers expressed concerns about using gene editing to enhance characteristics of healthy individuals. Ethical issues raised include justice, harm, beneficence, discrimination, conflict with religion and culture, and lack of regulations.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Suba Rajendren, Alfa Dhakal, Pranathi Vadlamani, Jack Townsend, Sarah N. Deffit, Heather A. Hundley
Summary: The study reveals a molecular mechanism that regulates RNA editing in a neural- and development-specific manner, largely controlled by gene expression regulation, where the expression of some genes depends on specific editing enzymes. Despite a neural-specific down-regulation of ADR-2 during development, the editing of specific transcripts still increases, possibly due to competition between ADR-1 and ADR-2.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
V. Kalidasan, Kumitaa Theva Das
Summary: The development of gene editing technology has directly impacted the public health system, but has also raised concerns about risks and uncertainties among the public. Malaysia faces challenges in how to best regulate gene editing in terms of regulations, biosafety, and biosecurity. Although biosafety regulations have been established, there is still a need to address the potential of genetically modified organisms as bioweapons.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kory R. Johnson, Barbara S. Mallon, Yang C. Fann, Kevin G. Chen
Summary: Through multivariate meta-analysis, we confirmed the existence of different naive-like pluripotent states in human pluripotent stem cells and provided global transcriptomic markers to define these states.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Juliana Popovitz, Rohit Sharma, Reyhane Hoshyar, Beob Soo Kim, Niren Murthy, Kunwoo Lee
Summary: The field of gene editing has been the subject of significant attention due to its potential for therapeutic applications. This review focuses on the use of mRNA delivery for gene editing therapeutics and discusses the engineering and improvement of gene editing technology. It also examines ex vivo and in vivo gene editing techniques and explores the future of CRISPR and base editing systems.
ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS
(2023)