Journal
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY
Volume 31, Issue 2, Pages 981-997Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10811-018-1606-z
Keywords
Omega-3 fatty acid; LC-PUFA; Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA); Flat-plate photobioreactor; Triacylglycerol; Cold-adapted microalgae
Funding
- Nord University
- Nordland County Government
- European Commission Marie Sklodowska-Curie individual fellowship [749910]
- Marie Curie Actions (MSCA) [749910] Funding Source: Marie Curie Actions (MSCA)
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Microalgae are excellent sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), but only a few species have been thoroughly investigated in controlled photobioreactor conditions. In this work, the cold-adapted microalga Koliella antarctica (Trebouxiophyceae) was cultivated at 15 degrees C to optimize growth and PUFA production in bubble-tube and flat-plate photobioreactors. The impact of nitrogen starvation, phosphorus starvation, salinity, and light intensity on the growth, fatty acid, and protein content was investigated. After culture optimization, a maximum biomass productivity of 2.37 g L-1 day(-1) and maximum cell density of 11.68 g L-1 were achieved. Among all conditions tested, the maximum total fatty acid (TFA) content measured 271.9 mg g(-1) dry weight in the late stationary phase. Nitrogen and phosphorus starvation strongly induced neutral lipid (TAG) accumulation, up to 90.3% of TFA, which mostly consisted of the monounsaturated fatty acid C18:1n-9 (oleic acid, OA). PUFAs were also abundant and together accounted for 30.3-45.8% of total triacylglycerol (TAG). The highest eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) content (C20:5n-3) amounted to 6.7 mg g(-1) dry weight (4.9% TFA) in control treatments, while the highest arachidonic acid (ARA) content (C20:4n-6) was 9.6 mg g(-1) dry weight (3.5% TFA) in the late stationary phase. Phosphorus starvation was an effective strategy to obtain high total fatty acid yields (mg L-1) while maintaining the protein, total PUFA, and omega-3 fatty acid contents.
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