Effects of storage temperature and combined microbial inoculants on fermentation end products and microbial populations of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) silage

Aims To examine five lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains (LCG9, LTG7, I5, TG1 and LI3) isolated from the Tibetan Plateau, and evaluate their combined effects on the silage quality of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) at three temperatures (10, 15 and 25 degrees C). Methods and Results The isolated strains were evaluated by morphological, physiological and biochemical tests. Six combined inoculants LCG9+LI3, LCG9+I5, LCG9+TG1, LTG7+LI3, LTG7+I5 and LTG7+TG1 were added to Italian ryegrass for ensiling 30 days in laboratory silos (1L) at various temperatures, respectively. All the isolates could grow normally at 5-20 degrees C, pH 3 center dot 5-7 center dot 0 and NaCl (3 center dot 0, 6 center dot 5%). Compared to three corresponding controls, all the inoculants improved the silage quality of Italian ryegrass at different temperatures, indicated by markedly (P < 0 center dot 05) higher lactic acid (LA) contents and ratios of lactic acid/acetic acid (LA/AA), and lower pH and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) contents and undesirable micro-organism counts. At 10 degrees C, LTG7+LI3, I5 or TG1 inoculants performed superior to LCG9+LI3, I5 or TG1 inoculants, evidenced by distinctly (P < 0 center dot 05) higher LA contents and ratios of LA/AA, and lower pH and NH3-N contents. LTG7+LI3 or TG1 silages had obviously (P < 0 center dot 05) higher LAB counts than LTG7+I5 silage at 10 degrees C. Conclusions Therefore, the combined inoculants LTG7 + LI3 or TG1 are recommended as starter cultures for Italian ryegrass silage at low temperatures. Significance and Impact of the Study Temperature is a key factor affecting ensilage. In cold regions, low temperature could be an adverse environmental condition during ensiling. However, few studies have focused on improving silage quality at low temperatures. Moreover, analysis of effects of combined LAB strains with their physiological and biochemical characteristics help us use combined LAB inoculants to realize the fermentation optimization.