Article
Environmental Sciences
Jianghai Peng, Bo Jiang, Hongkai Chen, Shunlin Liang, Hui Liang, Shaopeng Li, Jiakun Han, Qiang Liu, Jie Cheng, Yunjun Yao, Kun Jia, Xiaotong Zhang
Summary: A new empirical scheme for estimating ocean surface net radiation (R-n) was developed based on data from 66 moored buoys, showing good performance overall but limitations in coastal and high-latitude regions and when daytime length ratios are too small. The scheme includes two conditional models utilizing either downward shortwave radiation or downward longwave radiation depending on the daytime length ratio.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zlatica Popov, Zoltan Nagy, Gyorgyi Baranka, Tamas Weidinger
Summary: This paper discusses various procedures for calculating irradiation from routine weather measurements, comparing estimated and measured solar and net irradiance, investigating longwave irradiance, and recalculating net irradiance based on different radiation balance components. Statistical estimates and errors were compared for shortwave and longwave radiation components, using first-class radiation instruments in Hungary. Suggestions for net radiation parameterizations based on different radiation balance components were also provided.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lei Zhao, Keith Oleson, Elie Bou-Zeid, E. Scott Krayenhoff, Andrew Bray, Qing Zhu, Zhonghua Zheng, Chen Chen, Michael Oppenheimer
Summary: Under a high-emissions scenario, cities in the United States, Middle East, northern Central Asia, northeastern China, and inland South America and Africa are estimated to experience substantial warming of more than 4 K by the end of the century. Our findings highlight the critical need for global multi-model projections of local urban climates to support climate-sensitive development and reduce urban heat stress through green infrastructure intervention.
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Harish Baki, Sandeep Chinta, C. Balaji, Balaji Srinivasan
Summary: This study focuses on identifying the most influential parameters in the Weather Research and Forecasting model for simulating tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal region. Three global sensitivity analysis methods are employed to assess the parameter sensitivity, and the results show that 8 out of 24 parameters contribute significantly to the overall sensitivity scores. The Sobol' method is found to produce reliable sensitivity results with a sufficient number of samples. The simulations with the optimal set of parameters show improvements in wind speed, air temperature, air pressure, and precipitation compared to the default set of parameters.
GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
G. Djoumna, S. H. Mernild, D. M. Holland
Summary: This study assesses the impacts of cloud on radiative fluxes near the Greenland Ice Sheet, revealing significant differences in cloud metrics and radiation fluxes between two research sites. Cloud radiative effects increase during the melt season, with differences in cooling rates between the two stations.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Anurose Theethai Jacob, A. Jayakumar, Kshama Gupta, Saji Mohandas, Margaret A. Hendry, Daniel K. E. Smith, Timmy Francis, Shweta Bhati, Avinash N. Parde, Manju Mohan, A. K. Mitra, Prasun Kumar Gupta, Prakash Chauhan, Rajendra Kumar Jenamani, Sachin Ghude
Summary: The study emphasizes the importance of representing urban processes in numerical weather prediction models and the need for accurate urban morphology data for improving near-surface weather prediction in Delhi. The MORUSES scheme is introduced in a high-resolution model of Delhi, and a new empirical relationship is established for the scheme. The results show that MORUSES-IND significantly improves the diurnal evolution of wind speed and reduces warm bias in temperature simulations, representing the impact of urbanization more realistically.
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Qun Liu, Matthew Collins, Penelope Maher, Stephen Thomson, Geoffrey K. Vallis
Summary: The study proposes a simple diagnostic cloud scheme for general circulation models that effectively captures cloud structure and radiative effect, with realistic simulations showing seasonal variations. The scheme improves the simulation of shortwave and longwave cloud radiative effects in different regions, providing a suitable basis for examining cloud impacts on climate in idealized modeling frameworks.
GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Huanyu Zhang, Bo-Hui Tang
Summary: This study proposes a data-driven random forest method for retrieving surface upward longwave radiation (SULR) under all-sky conditions. The method is trained and tested using spectral samples, ground observations, and satellite data, and validated using remote sensing data. The results demonstrate high accuracy in estimating SULR using this method.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
David E. Rupp, Sarah L. Shafer, Christopher Daly, Julia A. Jones, Chad W. Higgins
Summary: The study suggests that cold-air drainage may weaken with increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, especially in warm and humid regions. Under future climate scenarios, nocturnal cold-air drainage intensity may decline over the next few decades. Thus, measures to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are needed to mitigate the weakening of cold-air drainage.
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yujie Wang, Yang Xiang, Zhenyu Han, Lianchun Song
Summary: Based on global climate simulation data and fine land-cover data, this study uses a coupled model with parameterization and energy model to project the changes in extreme high-temperature risk in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The results indicate that under future scenarios, there will be significant increases in high-temperature intensity, frequency, and risk. Therefore, adaptation measures are necessary to reduce future high-temperature risks.
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Mohtasin Golam, Rubina Akter, Jae-Min Lee, Dong-Seong Kim
Summary: The study proposes a high-precision LSTM-based neural network model named SIPNet for short-term prediction of solar irradiance. Analyzing meteorological and radiation data, SIPNet shows superior predictive accuracy compared to other models.
IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Xiaorui Niu, Jianping Tang, Deliang Chen, Shuyu Wang, Tinghai Ou, Congbin Fu
Summary: The study investigates the driving mechanisms of elevation-dependent warming (EDW) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) through a series of numerical experiments with different cumulus parameterization schemes (CPs). Results indicate that the spread in temperature simulations among the experiments is largely explained by the surface albedo feedback (SAF), with different CPs affecting the magnitude and structure of simulated EDW. Additionally, the inability of models to simulate EDW during spring is closely related to SAF and surface cloud radiative forcing (CRFs).
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yanhao Zhang, Guicai Ning, Shihan Chen, Yuanjian Yang
Summary: The rapid urban sprawl has significantly impacted the observational environment around meteorological stations by increasing built-up areas and anthropogenic heat flux. There is a positive correlation between the proportion of built-up areas and AHF, with suburban and rural stations experiencing greater increases in AHF than urban stations. Relocating meteorological stations can effectively improve the observational environment and reduce the urban heat island effect on meteorological observations.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Renhua Zhang, Wenhui Kuang, Shiqi Yang, Zhaoliang Li
Summary: Accurate measurements of urban buildings' three-dimensional structure characteristics and their greenhouse effect are crucial for evaluating the impact of urbanization on radiation energy budget and urban heat island effect. The study uses experimental observations and quantitative model simulations to demonstrate how urbanization affects the radiation flux on building surfaces. Additionally, the research proposes an equivalent calculation principle of aggregation elements to quantify the relationship between positive and negative effects accurately.
SCIENCE CHINA-EARTH SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Sitao Li, Qiankun Xiao, Mingjun Teng, Xiaogao Qiu, Wen Xu, Huosheng Liu, Xuefei Wu, Changguang Wu
Summary: By integrating morphological parameters from an aerodynamic perspective, this study aims to distinguish local ventilation efficiency within heterogeneous urban areas. A characterization framework and parameterization system were developed to evaluate the influences of spatial factors on airflow and to classify different types of local ventilation performance zones (LVPZs). Wind monitoring and CFD simulation were used to observe stable wind speed sequences and interpret the differences in ventilation performance among LVPZs. This scheme provides a decision support tool for wind-sensitive urban development.
DEVELOPMENTS IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
J. A. Casquero-Vera, H. Lyamani, G. Titos, G. de A. Moreira, J. A. Benavent-Oltra, M. Conte, D. Contini, L. Jarvi, F. J. Olmo-Reyes, L. Alados-Arboledas
Summary: Although aerosol number flux measurements are scarce in urban areas, they are important in understanding the sources and impacts of aerosol particles on human health and climate. This study conducted long-term measurements in an urban area in Granada, Spain and found that the city acted as a net source of aerosol particles, with traffic emissions playing a significant role. Winter had higher aerosol emissions due to domestic heating and burning of agricultural waste.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
H. J. Jongen, G. J. Steeneveld, J. Beringer, A. Christen, N. Chrysoulakis, K. Fortuniak, J. Hong, J. W. Hong, C. M. J. Jacobs, L. Jarvi, F. Meier, W. Pawlak, M. Roth, N. E. Theeuwes, E. Velasco, R. Vogt, A. J. Teuling
Summary: Water storage plays a crucial role in mitigating heat and flooding in urban areas. A novel approach to estimating effective water storage capacity from observed evaporation rates during precipitation-free periods is introduced. The study reveals that urban storage capacities are at least five times smaller than those of natural ecosystems, indicating extreme water limitation in urban evaporation regimes.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Elliott Warren, Cristina Charlton-Perez, Humphrey Lean, Simone Kotthaus, Sue Grimmond
Summary: This study models the spatio-temporal patterns of aerosol-attenuated backscatter coefficient using numerical weather prediction models and identifies the critical controls of its spatial variability. The findings are important for designing observational networks and improving urban weather and air quality prediction.
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Natalie E. Theeuwes, Ian A. Boutle, Peter A. Clark, Sue Grimmond
Summary: The study shows that London alters cloud formation during the spring and summer, with spatial differences in energy balance and enhanced surface roughness interacting with the atmosphere to produce enhanced cloud cover over the city. During low wind speeds, the strongest cloud enhancement over the city is linked to an urban-induced thermal circulation.
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
David Meyer, Sue Grimmond, Peter Dueben, Robin Hogan, Maarten van Reeuwijk
Summary: The study developed an urban neural network (UNN) to train on the mean predicted fluxes from multiple urban land surface models (ULSMs), showing improved stability and accuracy. By combining the strengths of multiple ULSMs, the UNN successfully improved the modeling of surface fluxes.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
H. D. Lim, Denise Hertwig, Tom Grylls, Hannah Gough, Maarten van Reeuwijk, Sue Grimmond, Christina Vanderwel
Summary: This study investigates the dispersion of pollutants by a tall-building cluster in a low-rise neighborhood of Beijing, using both full-scale Large-Eddy Simulation and water flume experiments. The results show that tall buildings have a strong influence on local flow and the development of the rooftop shear layer, and the incoming boundary layer thickness, pollutant source size, and laser-sheet thickness affect the measured flow field. Low-rise buildings around the tall building cluster cause minor but non-negligible offsets in peak magnitude and vertical location.
EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Megan A. Stretton, William Morrison, Robin J. Hogan, Sue Grimmond
Summary: The study evaluates a multi-layer radiative transfer model, SPARTACUS-Urban, for numerical weather prediction. The model accurately predicts shortwave fluxes when building distribution assumptions are fulfilled. However, it underestimates albedo and ground absorption, and overestimates wall-plus-roof absorption for realistic geometry.
BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY
(2022)
Correction
Construction & Building Technology
Oskar Backlin, Fredrik Lindberg, Sofia Thorsson, David Rayner, Nils Wallenberg
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Xiaoxiong Xie, Zhiwen Luo, Sue Grimmond, Lewis Blunn
Summary: Wind pressure coefficients (Cp) play a critical role in building energy simulations. Different categories exist based on the height of free stream wind speed: Cpr (reference height) and Cpl (local opening height). However, the influences of vertical wind profile and surrounding buildings on Cp data are often overlooked in building energy simulations.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yiqing Liu, Zhiwen Luo, Sue Grimmond
Summary: This study investigates the influences of building envelope design parameters on anthropogenic heat fluxes from buildings (QF,B) in Beijing. The results show that the most important building parameters affecting QF,B are U-value and thermal mass. Decreasing U-value can significantly reduce QF,B in winter, while increasing thermal mass can shift the diurnal pattern of QF,B in autumn and spring. Therefore, appropriate building envelope designs and natural ventilation should be considered to achieve both energy-saving and improved outdoor thermal environment.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Xiaoxiong Xie, Zhiwen Luo, Sue Grimmond, Ting Sun
Summary: This study combines SUEWS and EnergyPlus to predict natural ventilation potential (NVP) and cooling energy saving in urban neighborhoods in five Chinese cities. The findings show that the differences in NVP and cooling energy saving between urban and rural areas are climate- and season-dependent, with single-sided ventilation being as effective as cross ventilation in dense urban areas. Considering local or neighborhood-scale climate is important when evaluating NVP.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Yingqi Zheng, Minttu Havu, Huizhi Liu, Xueling Cheng, Yifan Wen, Hei Shing Lee, Joyson Ahongshangbam, Leena Jaervi
Summary: The study evaluates the Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme (SUEWS) in simulating CO2 emissions and uptake in a densely built neighborhood in Beijing. It finds that optimizing maximum conductance (gmax) and leaf area index (LAI) significantly improves the simulation of heat fluxes, while the CO2 flux is less sensitive to these parameters.
GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Article
Geography
Kathy Pain, Shuai Shi, Daniel Black, Jon Blower, Sue Grimmond, Alistair Hunt, Stanimira Milcheva, Ben Crawford, Nick Dale, Sam Doolin, Senjuti Manna
Summary: This paper explores the impact of the network economy on the multi-center urban region through the study of commercial office real estate. It questions the European consensus on the multi-center urban region and identifies the interconnections between the network economy structure, international office real estate investment practices, and spatial density. Quantitative evidence is provided to support the association between urban density and office real estate investment returns. The paper concludes that the network economy, politics, and the city are dialectically related to the spatially balanced regional development agenda.
TERRITORY POLITICS GOVERNANCE
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Minttu Havu, Liisa Kulmala, Pasi Kolari, Timo Vesala, Anu Riikonen, Leena Jarvi
Summary: Cities are interested in reducing emissions and increasing carbon sequestration. This study examined the carbon sequestration potential of street trees and evaluated modeling tools for simulating carbon sequestration in urban environments.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Sasu Karttunen, Ewan O'Connor, Olli Peltola, Leena Jarvi
Summary: Understanding the structure of the urban boundary layer is crucial for various applications. The fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS) technology shows great potential in providing high-resolution data to study thermal turbulence. This study presents 14 weeks of profile measurements using a DTS system in Helsinki, Finland, and evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of using DTS measurements to supplement sonic anemometry. Two case scenarios are demonstrated to showcase the capabilities of the DTS system, highlighting its contribution to revealing the surface layer structure beyond traditional theories.
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2022)
