Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Alex Sendros, Aritz Urruela, Mahjoub Himi, Carlos Alonso, Raul Lovera, Josefina C. Tapias, Luis Rivero, Ruben Garcia-Artigas, Albert Casas
Summary: Water percolation through infiltration ponds plays a key role in promoting water reuse, requiring a thorough understanding of system response and complex processes for efficient application of SAT methods. Employing electrical resistivity tomography can provide detailed subsurface information, enhancing the reliability of groundwater models.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Editorial Material
Optics
Spencer W. Jolly
Summary: An advanced method combining hyperspectral imaging, phase retrieval, and standard pulse characterization has been used to characterize ultrashort laser pulses and processes with high precision in a single shot.
LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Dominik Hoven, Achim Mester, Harry Vereecken, Anja Klotzsche
Summary: High-frequency ground-penetrating radar (GPR) full-wave-form inversion (FWI) can improve the characterization of small-scale structures in the subsurface. The starting models and source wavelets are crucial for reliable FWI results. Frequency-hopping approach is required for higher frequency data, and time shifts have a greater influence on FWI performance than amplitude variations.
Article
Optics
Alejandro De la Cadena, Federico Vernuccio, Andrea Ragni, Giuseppe Sciortino, Renzo Vanna, Carino Ferrante, Natalia Pediconi, Carlo Valensise, Luca Genchi, Sergey P. P. Laptenok, Andrea Doni, Marco Erreni, Tullio Scopigno, Carlo Liberale, Giorgio Ferrari, Marco Sampietro, Giulio Cerullo, Dario Polli
Summary: Spontaneous Raman microscopy can reveal the chemical composition of a sample in a non-invasive manner but suffers from slow imaging speed. Stimulated Raman scattering amplifies the signal and enables high-speed imaging. Researchers have developed a broadband stimulated Raman scattering microscope that simultaneously measures signals at 32 frequencies, allowing for high-resolution mapping of spectrally congested samples.
Article
Physics, Applied
Finn-Frederik Stiewe, Tristan Winkel, Yuta Sasaki, Tobias Tubandt, Tobias Kleinke, Christian Denker, Ulrike Martens, Nina Meyer, Tahereh Sadat Parvini, Shigemi Mizukami, Jakob Walowski, Markus Muenzenberg
Summary: We investigate the generation of local THz fields using spintronic THz emitters to improve the resolution for micrometer-sized imaging. By employing optical laser pulses as a pump, the THz field generation can be localized to the area of laser beam focusing. Through the use of scanning techniques and gold test patterns, we achieve sub-micrometer spatial resolution at the dimensions of the laser spot size.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ana Cristina Gonzalez-Valoys, Miguel Vargas-Lombardo, Raimundo Jimenez-Ballesta, Jonatha Arrocha, Eric Gutierrez, Efren Garcia-Ordiales, Pablo Cienfuegos, Francisco Jesus Garcia-Navarro, Pablo Higueras
Summary: The supply of water to populations has become increasingly threatened due to climate change, making the search for alternative water sources essential. This study characterizes the soil and rock hosting the aquifer in order to gather more information for possible exploitation as a drinking water source. The results show a correlation between the properties of the soil and rock and the quality of the aquifer water.
ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Optics
Junho Jang, Dae-Myeong Geum, SangHyeon Kim
Summary: In this study, an Au/n-GaSb Schottky photodetector (PD) array with a wide spectral range and high external quantum efficiency was proposed. The fabricated PD array exhibited uniform electrical characteristics and good rectifying behaviors, with a rapid rise time from the transient photoresponse measurement. High external quantum efficiency was achieved over a broad spectral range, showcasing the potential of this photodetector for multicolor imaging applications.
Article
Optics
Pengwei Wang, Zhentao Liu, Jianrong Wu, Xia Shen, Shensheng Han
Summary: In this study, snapshot spectral ghost imaging with broadband super-Rayleigh speckles was demonstrated by introducing a hybrid refraction/diffraction structure into the light-field modulation. The simulation and experiment results verified significant improvement in the contrast of speckles in a broad range of wavelengths, and superior noise immunity of the imaging system.
CHINESE OPTICS LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Soil Science
Scott M. Devine, Helen E. Dahlke, Anthony T. O'Geen
Summary: Soil compaction is a threat to agricultural soil function, especially when the soil is moist. This study developed non-linear predictive functions to estimate the rain-free time-to-trafficability of different soil texture classes. The results revealed regional and seasonal patterns, providing valuable information for managing aquifer recharge and soil compaction risk.
SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Optics
Adrien Longa, Mayank Kumar, Philippe Lassonde, Heide Ibrahim, Francois Legare, Adrien Leblanc
Summary: This work demonstrates the sensitivity of the frequency-resolved optical switching (FROSt) technique in detecting small spectral phase shifts for precise characterization of ultrashort laser pulses. By inserting thin fused silica windows of different thicknesses in the beam path, group delay dispersion (GDD) variations as small as 10 fs^2 can be accurately retrieved. The FROSt technique shows sufficient sensitivity to precisely characterize single-cycle pulses.
Article
Water Resources
Mirianrita Ngozi Ossai, Francisca Nneka Okeke, Daniel Nnaemeka Obiora, Johnson Cletus Ibuot
Summary: Resistivity survey was conducted to evaluate groundwater condition in Enugu North, Southeastern Nigeria, due to inadequate surface water, lack of aquifer knowledge, and increasing population affecting groundwater extraction and development. The study revealed multiple geoelectric layers with different curve types, indicating the aquifer's characteristics and distribution. The overburden layer had varying resistivity and thickness, and contour maps were generated to visualize these parameters. The study area was found to have a high protective level for the aquifer, but high hydraulic conductivity and porosity suggest a potential for groundwater pollution.
APPLIED WATER SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Vladimir Katkovnik, Igor Shevkunov, Karen Egiazarian
Summary: This study develops a hyperspectral broadband phase retrieval method for scenarios with spectrally varying object and modulation phase masks. The proposed algorithm is based on a complex domain version of the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) and novel Spectral Proximity Operators for Gaussian and Poissonian multiple intensity observations. These operators solve two problems: extracting the complex-domain spectral components of the object from total intensity observations and filtering noisy observations. Simulation and physical tests confirm the successful resolution of broadband hyperspectral phase retrieval in the proposed formulation.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Le Han, Kostadinka Bizheva
Summary: Digital correction of optical aberrations enables high-resolution imaging in optical coherence tomography (OCT), and a novel approach is proposed to recover spatial resolution in broadband LS-SD-OCT images by suppressing spatial-spectral crosstalk and chromatic aberrations through registration of digitally corrected sub-band tomograms. The method was validated with various imaging targets and has the potential for diverse biomedical and clinical applications.
BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Shawn Divitt, Abbie T. Watnik
Summary: This study examines the spectral and spatial correlations of broadband, around-the-corner speckle and presents a set of equations to locate the spatial maximum of the paraxial spatial-spectral correlation function. The validity of the spatial-spectral correlation framework is confirmed through experimental, theoretical, and simulation methods.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jun-Li Xu, Xiaohui Lin, Siewert Hugelier, Ana Herrero-Langreo, Aoife A. Gowen
Summary: The study introduces an innovative and cost-effective approach to detect and quantify plastic substances in teabags using near infrared hyperspectral imaging and multivariate analysis. It reveals the presence of numerous plastic particles in teabags, with an increased release of particles after steeping nylon teabags and microwave treatment.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Paulina Alejandra Deseano Diaz, Dagmar van Dusschoten, Angelika Kuebert, Nicolas Brueggemann, Mathieu Javaux, Steffen Merz, Jan Vanderborght, Harry Vereecken, Maren Dubbert, Youri Rothfuss
Summary: This study aimed to assess the influence of above-and below-ground environmental conditions on the performance of Centaurea jacea L., a drought-resistant grassland forb species. The results showed that root water uptake mainly occurred in the 0-15 cm soil layer, even when water was more easily available in deeper layers. In wet soil, transpiration rate was driven by vapor pressure deficit and light intensity.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Dominik Hoven, Achim Mester, Harry Vereecken, Anja Klotzsche
Summary: High-frequency ground-penetrating radar (GPR) full-wave-form inversion (FWI) can improve the characterization of small-scale structures in the subsurface. The starting models and source wavelets are crucial for reliable FWI results. Frequency-hopping approach is required for higher frequency data, and time shifts have a greater influence on FWI performance than amplitude variations.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Teng Xia, Min Ma, Johan Alexander Huisman, Chuanpeng Zheng, Cuiling Gao, Deqiang Mao
Summary: This study conducted laboratory experiments to simulate the remediation of diesel-contaminated soil using the base-activated persulfate method. Electrical resistivity tomography was used to monitor the process. The results showed a significant decrease in resistivity and an increase in chemical parameters after persulfate injection. The study also found that the decrease in resistivity was not solely due to contaminant degradation but also the influence of oxidation products.
JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
David Mengen, Thomas Jagdhuber, Anna Balenzano, Francesco Mattia, Harry Vereecken, Carsten Montzka
Summary: This study proposes a novel approach for estimating volumetric soil moisture content for agricultural areas using multi-orbit Sentinel-1 C-band time series. The approach achieves a temporal resolution of one to two days and utilizes a short-term change detection method. The method reduces the impact of varying incidence angles on the backscattering signal through incidence angle normalization and Fourier Series transformation. The algorithm also corrects for vegetational changes using the C-band co-polarized backscattering signal. The method shows promising results and can be applied globally in a cloud-processing environment.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Christian Poppe Teran, Bibi S. Naz, Alexander Graf, Yuquan Qu, Harrie-Jan Hendricks Franssen, Roland Baatz, Phillipe Ciais, Harry Vereecken
Summary: European grasslands achieve higher water-use efficiency in summer by increasing gross primary production and regulating transpiration. This study analyzed remote sensing data from 1995 to 2018 and found that water-use efficiency decreased by 4.2% in Central Europe, posing a threat to ecosystem functioning. However, European grasslands increased their water-use efficiency by 24.2% through regulated transpiration and increased carbon assimilation. The study also emphasizes the role of hydro-climate in modulating water-use efficiency response to droughts and the importance of adaptive canopy conductance for ecosystem functioning.
COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Water Resources
Fang Li, Wolfgang Kurtz, Ching Pui Hung, Harry Vereecken, Harrie-Jan Hendricks Franssen
Summary: Groundwater, an important source of water for humans, has a significant influence on human production and life. This study aims to improve hydrological modeling by assimilating groundwater data into the Terrestrial System Modeling Platform (TSMP) for a real-world case in the Rur catchment in Germany. The assimilation of daily groundwater table depth measurements through the Localized Ensemble Kalman Filter (LEnKF) into TSMP resulted in reduced bias and root mean square error (RMSE) compared to the open loop runs. The best results were achieved with a localization radius of 10 km, leading to an 81% reduction in RMSE at the measurement locations.
FRONTIERS IN WATER
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Martyn N. Futter, Thomas Dirnboeck, Martin Forsius, Jaana K. Back, Nathalie Cools, Eugenio Diaz-Pines, Jan Dick, Veronika Gaube, Lauren M. Gillespie, Lars Hogbom, Hjalmar Laudon, Michael Mirtl, Nikolaos Nikolaidis, Christian Poppe Teran, Ute Skiba, Harry Vereecken, Holger Villock, James Weldon, Christoph Wohner, Syed Ashraful Alam
Summary: Integrated long-term, in-situ observations are crucial to document environmental change, ground-truth remote sensing and model outputs, and predict future Earth system behavior. Research infrastructures can support harmonized data collection, curation, and publication, and integrating these networks can provide insights into the terrestrial carbon sink.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Bagher Bayat, Bamidele Oloruntoba, Carsten Montzka, Harry Vereecken, Harrie-Jan Hendricks Franssen
Summary: Groundwater is a crucial water resource for Africa, and it is important to assess its sustainability and capacity to meet current water needs. This study quantified the groundwater sustainable yield across Africa based on simulations of land surface hydrology and water balance approach. The results show that Africa has a potential sustainable yield that could potentially satisfy the current water requirements of both humans and the environment.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Felix Nieberding, Johan Alexander Huisman, Christof Huebner, Bernd Schilling, Ansgar Weuthen, Heye Reemt Bogena
Summary: In this study, three different soil moisture profile sensors (SMPSs) were evaluated in terms of measurement accuracy, sensor-to-sensor variability, and temperature stability. The Drill & Drop sensor showed the highest temperature sensitivity but the lowest variability. The field experiment showed that all three SMPSs performed similarly, with higher uncertainties at intermediate soil moisture contents.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lena Laerm, Felix Maximilian Bauer, Normen Hermes, Jan van der Kruk, Harry Vereecken, Jan Vanderborght, Thuy Huu Nguyen, Gina Lopez, Sabine Julia Seidel, Frank Ewert, Andrea Schnepf, Anja Klotzsche
Summary: The production of crops is crucial for ensuring the human food supply, but climate change presents new challenges. This study collects root and soil data to explore crop responses to the changing environment. Two minirhizotron facilities were used to obtain a comprehensive collection of root and soil data, which can be utilized to investigate processes within the soil-plant continuum and analyze root images.
Article
Agronomy
Mona Giraud, Samuel Le Gall, Moritz Harings, Mathieu Javaux, Daniel Leitner, Felicien Meunier, Youri Rothfuss, Dagmar van Dusschoten, Jan Vanderborght, Harry Vereecken, Guillaume Lobet, Andrea Schnepf
Summary: A plant's development is closely related to the water and carbon flows in its environment. Climate change can alter these flows and affect plant phenotypes. The study presents a comprehensive model that simulates the feedback loops between a plant's development and water and carbon flows. The results showed that drought reduces water-use efficiency and limits the availability of sucrose for growth.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Alexander Graf, Georg Wohlfahrt, Sergio Aranda-Barranco, Nicola Arriga, Christian Bruemmer, Eric Ceschia, Philippe Ciais, Ankur R. Desai, Sara Di Lonardo, Mana Gharun, Thomas Gruenwald, Lukas Hoertnagl, Kuno Kasak, Anne Klosterhalfen, Alexander Knohl, Natalia Kowalska, Michael Leuchner, Anders Lindroth, Matthias Mauder, Mirco Migliavacca, Alexandra C. Morel, Andreas Pfennig, Hendrik Poorter, Christian Poppe Teran, Oliver Reitz, Corinna Rebmann, Arturo Sanchez-Azofeifa, Marius Schmidt, Ladislav Sigut, Enrico Tomelleri, Ke Yu, Andrej Varlagin, Harry Vereecken
Summary: Research finds that climate change mitigation efforts through increasing carbon uptake can lead to a decrease in land surface albedo, causing a warming effect, especially in afforestation and snow-free environments. However, a balanced approach that optimizes both carbon uptake and albedo can achieve long-term cooling without causing warming in any time period.
COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Thomas Hermans, Pascal Goderniaux, Damien Jougnot, Jan H. Fleckenstein, Philip Brunner, Frederic Nguyen, Niklas Linde, Johan Alexander Huisman, Olivier Bour, Jorge Lopez Alvis, Richard Hoffmann, Andrea Palacios, Anne-Karin Cooke, Alvaro Pardo-Alvarez, Lara Blazevic, Behzad Pouladi, Peleg Haruzi, Alejandro Fernandez Visentini, Guilherme E. H. Nogueira, Joel Tirado-Conde, Majken C. Looms, Meruyert Kenshilikova, Philippe Davy, Tanguy Le Borgne
Summary: This paper discusses the interest and potential for monitoring and characterizing spatial and temporal variability in hydrogeological processes, and proposes a classification of processes and applications at different scales based on high-resolution space-time imaging. The authors call for the validation of 4D imaging techniques at highly instrumented observatories and the harmonization of open databases to share hydrogeological data sets in their 4D components.
HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Tobias Selzner, Jannis Horn, Magdalena Landl, Andreas Pohlmeier, Dirk Helmrich, Katrin Huber, Jan Vanderborght, Harry Vereecken, Sven Behnke, Andrea Schnepf
Summary: This study evaluates a 2-step workflow for automated root system architecture (RSA) reconstruction using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The first step involves segmentation of MRI images into root and soil using a 3D U-Net, while the second step utilizes an automated tracing algorithm to reconstruct the root systems. The results show that the U-Net segmentation offers significant benefits in terms of reconstruction speed and root length.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lena Larm, Felix Maximilian Bauer, Jan van der Kruk, Jan Vanderborght, Shehan Morandage, Harry Vereecken, Andrea Schnepf, Anja Klotzsche
Summary: Non-invasive imaging techniques were used to study root and soil water distribution within the soil-plant continuum. The presence of roots was found to increase the variability of soil permittivity, possibly due to the redistribution of soil water. This study provides valuable insights for optimizing agricultural practices such as irrigation and fertilization.
VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL
(2023)