Article
Neurosciences
Yueyao Chen, Zhongxian Pan, Fanqi Meng, Zhujing Li, Yuanming Hu, Xuewen Yu, Jinyun Gao, Yihao Guo, Hanqing Lyu, Xiaofeng Lin
Summary: This study compared the performances of single-shot echo-planar imaging (SS-EPI) and readout-segmented echo-planar imaging (RS-EPI) for diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the rat sciatic nerve, and found that SS-EPI sequence showed significantly higher image quality and correlation coefficients compared with RS-EPI sequence.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Lixing Dai, Qinqin Yang, Jianzhong Lin, Zihan Zhou, Pujie Zhang, Shuhui Cai, Zhong Chen, Zhigang Wu, Taishan Kang, Congbo Cai
Summary: This article introduces a deep learning method based on multi-coil synthetic data for Nyquist ghost correction and reconstruction of under-sampled EPI. The method is trained using synthetic data and considers linear and non-linear phase errors. The proposed method outperforms existing approaches in multiple experiments.
Article
Neurosciences
Yueyao Chen, Zhongxian Pan, Fanqi Meng, Qian Xu, Leyu Huang, Xuejia Pu, Xuewen Yu, Yanglei Wu, Hanqing Lyu, Xiaofeng Lin
Summary: This study compared the use of RS3-EPI, RS5-EPI, and RS7-EPI in assessing the rat sciatic nerve. The results showed that RS-5 EPI provided the best image quality and SNR-values corrected for the acquisition time. Furthermore, the FA and RD derived from RS-5 EPI were the most sensitive biomarkers for detecting histopathological changes in the rat sciatic nerve.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Yiqi Hu, Chenao Zhan, Zhenlu Yang, Xiaoyong Zhang, Huiting Zhang, Wei Liu, Liming Xia, Tao Ai
Summary: The study found that SMS rs-EPI significantly reduces scan time and demonstrates good linear relationships and similar diagnostic performance compared to conventional rs-EPI. SMS rs-EPI provides comparable image quality to conventional rs-EPI without sacrificing SNR or CNR.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Fuyixue Wang, Zijing Dong, Lawrence L. Wald, Jonathan R. Polimeni, Kawin Setsompop
Summary: The study extended a distortion/blurring-free multi-shot EPI technique to cortical-depth dependent SE-fMRI to improve neuronal specificity while limiting T-2' contamination, demonstrating the robustness of the proposed technique for high specificity SE-BOLD fMRI.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Yiqi Hu, Qilan Hu, Chenao Zhan, Ting Yin, Tao Ai
Summary: This study investigated the intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) measurements, diffusion-kurtosis imaging (DKI) parameters, and image quality evaluation in breast lesions between single-shot echo-planar imaging (ss-EPI) and readout-segmented echo-planar imaging (rs-EPI). The results showed that compared to ss-EPI, rs-EPI had higher intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility for quantitative diffusion-related parameters and image quality assessments.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Yeow Hoay Koh, Yao-Chia Shih, Soo Lee Lim, Yen San Kiew, Ee Wei Lim, See Mui Ng, Leon Qi Rong Ooi, Wen Qi Tan, Yiu-Cho Chung, Helmut Rumpel, Eng King Tan, Ling Ling Chan
Summary: The study evaluated the reliability of trigeminal nerve DTI metrics using SMS with RESOLVE-DTI, finding that it enables fast and reliable evaluation of microstructural integrity of the trigeminal nerve. The combination of SMS imaging with short TR and RESOLVE-DTI showed significant linear relationships between non-SMS- and SMS-derived DTI metrics, providing potential applications in the clinical management of trigeminal neuralgia.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Megan Co, Huiming Dong, Daniel J. Boulter, Xuan Nguyen, Safdar N. Khan, Brian Raterman, Brett Klamer, Arunark Kolipaka, Benjamin A. Walter
Summary: This study validated the use of a spin-echo echo-planar imaging (SE-EPI) sequence for magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) of the intervertebral disc (IVD). The results showed that the SE-EPI sequence can effectively assess the shear properties of the IVD, with good correlation to the standard gradient recalled echo (GRE) sequence, and it also reduces scan times.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Qing Fu, Xiang-chuang Kong, Ding-Xi Liu, Kun Zhou, Yi-hao Guo, Zi-Qiao Lei, Chuan-sheng Zheng, Fan Yang
Summary: TGSE-PROPELLER-DWI demonstrated superior image quality and diagnostic performance compared to rs-EPI in evaluating orbital tumors, with significantly improved geometric distortion and susceptibility artifacts. The ADC(lesion) of TGSE-PROPELLER-DWI was higher than rs-EPI, and the two methods showed comparable diagnostic performance in differentiating malignant and benign orbital tumors.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Simin Xie, Ismail Bilal Masokano, Wenguang Liu, Xueying Long, Guijin Li, Yigang Pei, Wenzheng Li
Summary: By comparing the clinical utility of SS-EPI and RS-EPI with different breathing schemes in terms of ADC measurements' repeatability, image quality, and SNR, it was found that NT-DWI outperformed other sequences in all three aspects, making it the recommended sequence for clinical application.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Lanqing Yang, Chunchao Xia, Sixian Hu, Yi Zeng, Jin Zhao, Yuming Li, Qing Li, Wei Liu, Bing Wu
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of simultaneous multislice (SMS) accelerated readout-segmented echo planar imaging (RESOLVE) DWI for assessing rectal cancer in the clinic. The results showed that using SMS-RESOLVE could shorten the scan time while maintaining overall image quality and lesion conspicuity. The study also found that SMS-RESOLVE had higher lesion contrast and temporal signal-to-noise ratio (tSNR).
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Malika P. Renz, Francesca Zidda, Jamila Andoh, Marcel Prager, Markus Sack, Robert Becker, Matthias Ruf, Mike M. Schmitgen, Robert C. Wolf, Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg, Heike Tost
Summary: This article reports on the technical challenges encountered when using multiband echoplanar imaging and short repetition times for continuous fMRI neurofeedback. The possible origins of the problem are identified, and an interim solution is described. Workflows and code are provided for researchers who wish to use a similar approach.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yupeng Wang, Wenjie Jiang, Honglan Chen, Xinwei Chen, Yuan Gao, Pengfei Tian, Baoqing Sun
Summary: This method based on TGI enables signal transmission at an ultra-high frequency, surpassing the hardware bandwidth limit and achieving high quality and recognizability. It has potential applications in various fields of optical communication.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mi Zhou, Hong Pu, Mei-Ning Chen, Yu-Ting Wang
Summary: This study investigated the feasibility of simultaneous multislice (SMS) rs-EPI in rectal cancer and found that SMS rs-EPI with an acceleration factor (AF) of 2 can significantly reduce acquisition time while maintaining diagnostic image quality and similar apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values compared to rs-EPI. However, SMS rs-EPI with an AF of 3 showed poorer image quality and lower ADC values.
Article
Optics
Xiaoyu Nie, Xingchen Zhao, Tao Peng, Marlan O. Scully
Summary: In this work, a sub-Nyquist computational ghost imaging technique using orthonormal spectrum-encoded speckle patterns is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The method enables the reconstruction of high-quality grayscale images at very low sampling ratios and can be combined with compressive sensing to further enhance image quality.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Patrizio Barca, Fabio Paolicchi, Giacomo Aringhieri, Federica Palmas, Daniela Marfisi, Maria Evelina Fantacci, Davide Caramella, Marco Giannelli
Summary: A comprehensive assessment of image quality of 5 CT scanners from 3 manufacturers for head CT imaging showed significant differences in noise level, contrast-to-noise ratio, modulation transfer function, and other quality indices. This study emphasizes the importance of understanding the variability in CT imaging capabilities across different scanners and acquisition protocols to optimize procedures.
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Luca Tarasi, Jelena Trajkovic, Stefano Diciotti, Giuseppe di Pellegrino, Francesca Ferri, Mauro Ursino, Vincenzo Romei
Summary: The brain is a predictive machine, with different predictive strategies observed from autism spectrum disorders (ASD) to schizophrenic spectrum disorders (SSD). ASD is characterized by rigid perceptual inference shaped by incoming sensory information, while individuals with SSD tend to overestimate the precision of their prior models. Brain oscillations are considered pivotal in understanding how top-down predictions integrate bottom-up input, with oscillatory disturbances potentially leading to maladjustments in the predictive mechanism.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Stefania Linsalata, Rita Borgheresi, Daniela Marfisi, Patrizio Barca, Aldo Sainato, Fabiola Paiar, Emanuele Neri, Antonio Claudio Traino, Marco Giannelli
Summary: The study investigated the effect of image preprocessing on radiomic features estimation from CT imaging of locally advanced rectal cancer. The results showed that preprocessing significantly biased the estimate of radiomic features, especially textural features. Therefore, the impact of preprocessing should be considered in clinical or research studies.
BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Benedetta Favati, Rita Borgheresi, Marco Giannelli, Carolina Marini, Vanina Vani, Daniela Marfisi, Stefania Linsalata, Monica Moretti, Dionisia Mazzotta, Emanuele Neri
Summary: This study investigates the potential of radiomic features extracted from digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) in discriminating between benign and malignant microcalcifications. The results show that DBT-based radiomic analysis has limited ability to differentiate between benign and malignant microcalcifications.
Article
Neurosciences
Jasmine Pani, Chiara Marzi, Dorthe Stensvold, Ulrik Wisloff, Asta Kristine Haberg, Stefano Diciotti
Summary: Physical inactivity is a significant risk factor for dementia, while high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness can reduce the risk of dementia. This study investigated the impact of a 5-year exercise intervention on the structural complexity of the brain in older adults. The findings suggest that higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with greater structural complexity in the brain, specifically in the cerebral gray matter and temporal lobe gray matter. Maintaining high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness can help protect against age-related structural complexity loss in the brain.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Riccardo Scheda, Stefano Diciotti
Summary: This study proposes a general method to obtain representative SHAP values using a repeated nested cross-validation procedure, and applies it to predict individual age using brain complexity features. The results show that the most recent implementation of the brain complexity feature has the highest impact on age prediction, and the top-ranking features are consistent between the training and test sets.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Chiara Marzi, Alessandro d'Ambrosio, Stefano Diciotti, Alvino Bisecco, Manuela Altieri, Massimo Filippi, Maria Assunta Rocca, Loredana Storelli, Patrizia Pantano, Silvia Tommasin, Rosa Cortese, Nicola De Stefano, Gioacchino Tedeschi, Antonio Gallo
Summary: This study used machine learning techniques to assess the relationship between brain MRI structural volumes and cognitive deficits in MS patients, and found that damage to gray matter structures is most closely related to cognitive performance.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Giacomo Russo, Mohammad Yazdani-Asrami, Riccardo Scheda, Antonio Morandi, Stefano Diciotti
Summary: This paper proposes a new approach using artificial intelligence techniques to address the problem in modelling superconductors. Different AI models, including ANN, XGBoost, and KRR, were implemented to accurately predict the critical current of high temperature superconducting tapes, with the ANN model performing the best.
SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Allegra Conti, Luisa Campagnolo, Stefano Diciotti, Antonio Pietroiusti, Nicola Toschi
Summary: Nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used materials in various industries and biomedical applications, and their toxicity depends on their physical and chemical properties. This study examines the factors influencing NP cytotoxicity and finds that size, surface area, shape, and charge are important predictors, especially in short-term experiments. The results are relatively consistent across different cytotoxicity endpoints, although there is some variability in dose quantification methods, highlighting the complexity of nano-bio interactions.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Chiara Marzi, Daniela Marfisi, Andrea Barucci, Jacopo Del Meglio, Alessio Lilli, Claudio Vignali, Mario Mascalchi, Giancarlo Casolo, Stefano Diciotti, Antonio Claudio Traino, Carlo Tessa, Marco Giannelli
Summary: Radiomics and artificial intelligence have the potential to be valuable tools in clinical applications. This study assessed the effect of preprocessing, such as voxel size resampling, discretization, and filtering, on correlation-based dimensionality reduction of radiomic features from cardiac T1 and T2 maps. The results showed that the percentage of eliminated radiomic features was more dependent on resampling voxel size and discretization bin width for textural features. Correlation-based dimensionality reduction was less sensitive to preprocessing when considering T2 features compared to T1 features.
BIOENGINEERING-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Francesco Alfano, Francesca Cesari, Anna Maria Gori, Martina Berteotti, Emilia Salvadori, Betti Giusti, Alessia Bertelli, Ada Kura, Carmen Barbato, Benedetta Formelli, Francesca Pescini, Enrico Fainardi, Stefano Chiti, Chiara Marzi, Stefano Diciotti, Rossella Marcucci, Anna Poggesi
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the predictive capability of biomarkers for vascular damage and brain tissue injury in anticoagulated atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. The results show that circulating biomarkers MMP-2 and TIMP are associated with cerebral microbleeds, white matter hyperintensity, and small vessel disease. IL-8 and TIMP are associated with enlarged perivascular spaces.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Mario Mascalchi, Giulia Picozzi, Donella Puliti, Stefano Diciotti, Annalisa Deliperi, Chiara Romei, Fabio Falaschi, Francesco Pistelli, Michela Grazzini, Letizia Vannucchi, Simonetta Bisanzi, Marco Zappa, Giuseppe Gorini, Francesca Maria Carozzi, Laura Carrozzi, Eugenio Paci
Summary: The ITALUNG trial, conducted from 2004, compared the mortality rates of lung cancer and other causes in smokers and ex-smokers aged 55-69 who were randomly assigned to receive low-dose CT (LDCT) or usual care. After 13 years of follow-up, the ITALUNG trial demonstrated a lower mortality rate for lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases in the screened subjects, particularly in women. In addition, the trial generated multiple ancillary studies on various aspects of lung cancer screening, including software development, assessment of lung nodules and calcifications, and biomarker assays.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Claudio Paolucci, Federica Giorgini, Riccardo Scheda, Flavio Valerio Alessi, Stefano Diciotti
Summary: This study proposes an AI pre-screening tool to identify potentially alarming signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in pre-verbal interactions. The effectiveness of these features in classifying individuals with ASD vs. controls is evaluated using explainable artificial intelligence, with a focus on body-related sensorimotor features. The results highlight the significance of early detection in ASD diagnosis.
COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
F. Giorgini, G. Di Dalmazi, S. Diciotti
Summary: This comprehensive review provides an overview of the current applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of endocrinology, highlighting the use of machine learning algorithms and deep learning models. The studies discussed in this review demonstrate the valuable contributions of AI in optimizing healthcare outcomes and uncovering new understandings of endocrine disorders.
JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)