Article
Microbiology
Mark Underwood, Joe Horton, Keith Nangle, Judy Hopking, Kimberly Smith, Michael Aboud, Brian Wynne, Jorg Sievers, Eugene L. Stewart, Ruolan Wang
Summary: In the phase IIIb DAWNING study, treatment-experienced adults who received dolutegravir showed emergence of treatment-emergent INSTI resistance-associated substitutions, with some participants developing mutations like G118R and R263K. These mutations were associated with a significant increase in dolutegravir resistance compared to baseline levels. Overall, the study highlights the complex pathway to dolutegravir resistance involving HIV-1 phenotypic changes and reduced viral fitness.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Emma G. Foster, Howard E. Gendelman, Aditya N. Bade
Summary: The use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to an increase in the number of children born to mothers infected with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). However, the effects of ART on the neurodevelopment of these children remain unclear. This review discusses the use of ART during pregnancy, specifically focusing on the potential impact of integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) on fetal neurodevelopment. Future scientific investigations are needed to fully understand the consequences of INSTIs on fetal outcomes.
Article
Microbiology
Kai-Hsiang Chen, Wang-Da Liu, Hsin-Yun Sun, Kuan-Yin Lin, Szu-Min Hsieh, Wang-Huei Sheng, Yu-Chung Chuang, Yu-Shan Huang, Aristine Cheng, Chien-Ching Hung
Summary: Limited studies have been conducted on immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in people living with HIV (PLWH) who present with interstitial pneumonitis (IP), particularly in the era of rapid antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation with integrase strand-transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-containing regimens. A retrospective study identified PLWH who were diagnosed with IP and initiated ART within 30 days. The study found a high rate of IRIS and associations with baseline immune depletion, rapid decline of plasma HIV RNA load, and rapid initiation of ART.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Benjamin M. Wenk, Herbert A. Mbunkah, Ndi N. Nsanwe, Eyongetah T. Mbu, Lydia M. Besong, Bella A. Sama, Emmanuel Orock, Christine Leemann, Karin J. Metzner
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of pretreatment HIV-1 resistance to INSTIs in Cameroon and found a low resistance rate. However, a majority of individuals carried polymorphic accessory INSTI drug resistance mutations, which may require further studies to assess their impact on INSTI-based ART regimens.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Yu-Lin Lee, Kuan-Yin Lin, Shu-Hsing Cheng, Po-Liang Lu, Ning-Chi Wang, Mao-Wang Ho, Chia-Jui Yang, Bo-Huang Liou, Hung-Jen Tang, Shie-Shian Huang, Sung-Hsi Huang, Tun-Chieh Chen, Chi-Ying Lin, Shih-Ping Lin, Yuan-Ti Lee, Chien-Ching Hung
Summary: This retrospective study included 77 patients receiving dolutegravir plus boosted protease inhibitor treatment at 15 designated hospitals for HIV care in Taiwan. The study found that the two-drug regimen containing dolutegravir plus boosted protease inhibitor was effective for highly experienced HIV-positive patients. Virological response rate reached 85.7% at Week 48, but metabolic impact and weight gain should be closely monitored.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Zhenyan Wang, Min Zhang, Jiangrong Wang, Li Liu, Jun Chen, Renfang Zhang, Yang Tang, Yinzhong Shen, Tangkai Qi, Wei Song, Jianjun Sun, Shuibao Xu, Junyang Yang, Hongzhou Lu
Summary: This study evaluates the prevalence of HIV-1 mutation V179D/E and its impact on the virological response to the first-line efavirenz-based regimen in ART-naive patients in Shanghai, China. The study finds a high prevalence of V179D/E and suggests that the efavirenz-based regimen may not be suitable for patients with this mutation, especially those with a high baseline viral load.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Matthew A. Spinelli, Nancy A. Hessol, Sandra K. Schwarcz, Susan Scheer, Monica Gandhi, Ling Chin Hsu
Summary: Among people with HIV in San Francisco who started antiretroviral therapy between 2009 and 2016, those who experienced homelessness were less likely, and older individuals were more likely, to use an integrase inhibitor-based therapy.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Paul E. Sax, Jose R. Arribas, Chloe Orkin, Adriano Lazzarin, Anton Pozniak, Edwin DeJesus, Franco Maggiolo, Hans-Joergen Stellbrink, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Rima Acosta, Hailin Huang, Jason T. Hindman, Hal Martin, Jared M. Baeten, David Wohl
Summary: This study evaluated the long-term efficacy and safety of B/F/TAF in HIV-1 treatment. The results showed that B/F/TAF maintained high rates of virologic suppression over 5 years, with no treatment-emergent resistance and rare drug discontinuations due to adverse events.
Article
Immunology
Ellen H. Nagami, Kinna Thakarar, Paul E. Sax
Summary: Multiclass high-level transmitted HIV drug resistance is uncommon, but this case highlights the successful treatment with dolutegravir, tenofovir, and emtricitabine even with extensive resistance. It emphasizes the high resistance barrier of dolutegravir and the residual antiviral activity of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Cindy Vavro, Theodore Ruel, Andrew Wiznia, Nicole Montanez, Keith Nangle, Joseph Horton, Ann M. Buchanan, Eugene L. Stewart, Paul Palumbo
Summary: This study describes the mechanisms of emergent integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) resistance among adolescents and children receiving dolutegravir treatment and provides molecular and structural characterization to aid in the understanding of INSTI resistance mechanisms in antiretroviral-experienced populations.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Nicky J. Mehtani, Sarah Puryear, Paul Pham, Kelly E. Dooley, Maunank Shah
Summary: Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death in PWH, but diagnosing LTBI and treating with TPT can reduce morbidity and mortality. While isoniazid has been historically recommended for TPT, newer rifamycin-based regimens are safer and may be more effective.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Bo-Huang Liou, Chih-Ning Cheng, Ya-Ting Lin, Yu-Jou Lin, Yu-Chung Chuang, Kuan-Yin Lin, Wen-Chun Liu, Shu-Wen Lin, Ching-Hua Kuo, Hsin-Yun Sun, Chien-Ching Hung
Summary: The study evaluated the effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of 1HP in individuals living with HIV and LTBI who received coformulated BIC/FTC/TAF. The results showed that the combination therapy was well tolerated with a high completion rate, indicating its potential as a treatment option for this population.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Alexandra Sjaarda, Andrew Bernstein, Andrew Sparks, Saghar Saber, Marc Siegel
Summary: This study found that weight gain is associated with switching HIV regimens from non INSTI- to INSTI-based ART as well as from TDF- to TAF-based ART, with no significant difference between the two types of switches. The group that switched from both TDF- to TAF-based and non INSTI- to INSTI-based ART showed the highest mean weight gain, but this was not statistically different compared to the other switch groups.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Nokuzola Mbhele, Benjamin Chimukangara, Michelle Gordon
Summary: Antiretroviral therapy is crucial in controlling the HIV epidemic, with integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) becoming more common. INSTIs have a higher genetic barrier to resistance, with DTG showing even higher resistance barriers and CAB being used as the first long-acting agent in HIV-1 treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Jennifer Jao, Deborah Kacanek, Carly Broadwell, Denise L. Jacobson, Ellen G. Chadwick, Paige L. Williams, Kathleen M. Powis, Lisa B. Haddad, Lynn Yee, Pediat HIV AIDS Cohort Study
Summary: This study evaluated gestational weight gain (GWG) in pregnant individuals with HIV. The results showed that the type of antiretroviral treatment (ART) was not associated with excessive GWG overall. However, among overweight/obese pregnant individuals initiating ART during pregnancy, those on integrase inhibitor-based ART had higher weekly GWG in the second and third trimesters compared to other ART classes. Further research is needed to understand the long-term implications of increased GWG in overweight/obese pregnant individuals on maternal and child health.