Article
Microbiology
Wendy Ankrom, Deanne Jackson Rudd, Andrea Schaeffer, Deborah Panebianco, Evan J. Friedman, Charles Tomek, S. Aubrey Stoch, Marian Iwamoto
Summary: Study results demonstrate that MK-8507 has stable pharmacokinetics across various doses and is well tolerated in both single and multiple dose administration. High-fat meal and once weekly oral administration of 400 mg MK-8507 showed no significant impact on pharmacokinetics, indicating the potential for MK-8507 to be an effective oral treatment for HIV-1 infection.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Thibaut Gele, Antoine Cheret, Alicia Castro Gordon, Lionelle Nkam, Valerie Furlan, Coralie Pallier, Pierre-Hadrien Becker, Pilartxo Catalan, Cecile Goujard, Anne-Marie Taburet, Jacques Gasnault, Helene Gouget, Aurelie Barrail-Tran
Summary: This study aimed to determine the concentrations of bictegravir, emtricitabine and tenofovir in the cerebrospinal fluid of HIV patients with CNS impairment, finding low exposure of these drugs in the CSF. The results suggest caution should be exercised when using BIC/FTC/TAF as first-line treatment for HIV patients with HCI under the age of 51.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Philipp Adams, Virginie Fievez, Rafaela Schober, Mathieu Amand, Gilles Iserentant, Sofie Rutsaert, Geraldine Dessilly, Guido Vanham, Fanny Hedin, Antonio Cosma, Michel Moutschen, Linos Vandekerckhove, Carole Seguin-Devaux
Summary: CD32 may label highly activated/exhausted memory CD4(+) T-cell subsets that contain only a small proportion of the translation-competent reservoir.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Boris Revollo, Laura Vinuela, Lorena de la Mora, Federico Garcia, Marc Noguera-Julian, Mariona Parera, Roger Paredes, Josep M. Llibre
Summary: This article reports a case of integrase resistance in a patient treated with co-formulated dolutegravir/lamivudine. It highlights the importance of carefully considering and monitoring drug-drug interactions, even when they are regarded as having a low potential.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Laura N. Broyles, Robert Luo, Debi Boeras, Lara Vojnov
Summary: This article summarizes the risk of sexual transmission of HIV from individuals with low-level viral loads and emphasizes its importance in public health. The review of 8 studies shows that the risk of HIV transmission is almost zero when viral loads are below 1000 copies per mL. These findings can help destigmatize HIV and promote adherence to antiretroviral therapy.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Robert Luo, Youyi Fong, Debi Boeras, Ilesh Jani, Lara Vojnov
Summary: This study aimed to compare the clinical effect of point-of-care HIV testing versus laboratory-based testing in HIV-exposed infants. The results showed that point-of-care testing significantly shortened the time to result delivery, time to antiretroviral therapy initiation, and increased the proportion of HIV-positive infants starting antiretroviral therapy within 60 days compared with standard of care.
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Zhaolei Peng, Jing Lu, Kai Liu, Long Xie, Yulin Wang, Chunyan Cai, Dejun Yang, Jingjing Xi, Chunmei Yan, Xiaofang Li, Mingyi Shi
Summary: Hypericin, derived from St. John's wort, has been used in clinical practice for wound healing and depression. This article reviews its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and safety, highlighting its excellent anticancer, neuroprotective, and antimicrobial effects when activated by light. The mechanisms of action involve cell death induction, cell cycle inhibition, amine reuptake inhibition, and virus replication inhibition. Although hypericin has low bioavailability, it is safe and effective against various diseases.
PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Haiyan Jia, Jiajia Mai, Min Wu, Hong Chen, Xiaojiao Li, Cuiyun Li, Jingrui Liu, Chengjiao Liu, Yue Hu, Xiaoxue Zhu, Xiuhong Jiang, Bo Hua, Tian Xia, Gang Liu, Aiyun Deng, Bo Liang, Ruoling Guo, Hui Lu, Zhe Wang, Huanming Chen, Zhijun Zhang, Hong Zhang, Junqi Niu, Yanhua Ding
Summary: Canocapavir, a novel chemical substance, has been evaluated for its antiviral activity, pharmacokinetics, and tolerability in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). The study showed that Canocapavir is well tolerated and has effective antiviral activity in CHB patients.
Article
Immunology
Zinhle Cindi, Aida N. Kawuma, Gary Maartens, Yuki Bradford, Francois Venter, Simiso Sokhela, Nomathemba Chandiwana, Roeland E. Wasmann, Paolo Denti, Lubbe Wiesner, Marylyn D. Ritchie, David W. Haas, Phumla Sinxadi
Summary: This study analyzed steady-state dolutegravir concentration-time data from Southern Africans and identified genetic associations with unexplained variability in dolutegravir exposure. UGT1A1 rs887829 and UGT1A rs28899168 were independently associated with dolutegravir AUC(VAR), providing new insights into dolutegravir pharmacogenetics in Africa.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Denis R. Beckford-Vera, Robert R. Flavell, Youngho Seo, Enrique Martinez-Ortiz, Maya Aslam, Cassandra Thanh, Emily Fehrman, Marion Pardons, Shreya Kumar, Amelia N. Deitchman, Vahid Ravanfar, Brailee Schulte, I-Wei Katherine Wu, Tony Pan, Jacqueline D. Reeves, Christopher C. Nixon, Nikita S. Iyer, Leonel Torres, Sadie E. Munter, Tony Hyunh, Christos J. Petropoulos, Rebecca Hoh, Benjamin L. Franc, Lucio Gama, Richard A. Koup, John R. Mascola, Nicolas Chomont, Steven G. Deeks, Henry F. VanBrocklin, Timothy J. Henrich
Summary: In this study, the authors utilized positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to visualize the tissue-wide burden of HIV in infected individuals using a radiolabeled broadly neutralizing antibody, Zr-89-VRC01. They found that PET tracer uptake in lymph nodes positively correlates with HIV protein levels measured directly from cells obtained from these tissues. This strategy could provide a non-invasive way to characterize residual HIV infection in the context of therapeutic interventions.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mhairi Maskew, Kieran Sharpey-Schafer, Lucien De Voux, Thomas Crompton, Jacob Bor, Marcus Rennick, Admire Chirowodza, Jacqui Miot, Seithati Molefi, Chuka Onaga, Pappie Majuba, Ian Sanne, Pedro Pisa
Summary: This study applied predictive machine learning algorithms to HIV programmatic data from South Africa and developed models to predict patient attendance and viral load suppression. Important predictors included previous visit history, viral load testing frequency, visit time, age, and treatment duration. The results showed that machine learning can effectively identify HIV patients at risk of disengagement and unsuppressed viral load.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jane S. Chen, Mitch Matoga, Cecilia Massa, Gerald Tegha, Beatrice Ndalama, Naomi Bonongwe, Esther Mathiya, Edward Jere, Gabriel Banda, Amy J. Loftis, Kathryn E. Lancaster, William C. Miller, Irving F. Hoffman, Myron S. Cohen
Summary: This study conducted in Lilongwe aimed to evaluate HIV shedding in men with urethritis receiving ART. The research found that despite viral suppression in the blood, some episodes of urethritis still showed seminal viral shedding. During non-urethritis follow-up, a small percentage of men had viral shedding in the semen while maintaining viral suppression in the blood.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rachel D. Stelmach, Miriam Rabkin, Kouame Abo, Irma Ahoba, Mahena Gildas Anago, Rodrigo Boccanera, Hermann Brou, Rebecca Flueckiger, Kieran Hartsough, Martin Msukwa, Jennifer Zech, Felicity Young, Rachel Nugent
Summary: Despite the availability of free ART in Cote d'Ivoire, most participants still reported out-of-pocket spending on health care, with those with co-morbid NCDs experiencing higher costs.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Mohsen Sheykhhasan, Aidin Foroutan, Hamed Manoochehri, Saeideh Gholamzadeh Khoei, Naresh Poondla, Massoud Saidijam
Summary: HIV/AIDS remains a major global public health issue, with gene therapy showing promising results in combating HIV infection. Traditional treatment methods have limitations and side effects, making gene therapy an effective alternative.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Barbara Rossetti, Massimiliano Fabbiani, Domenico Di Carlo, Francesca Incardona, Ana Abecasis, Perpetua Gomes, Anna Maria Geretti, Carole Seguin-Devaux, Federico Garcia, Rolf Kaiser, Sara Modica, Adrian Shallvari, Anders Sonnerborg, Maurizio Zazzi
Summary: This large multi-cohort study indicates high effectiveness of elvitegravir- or dolutegravir-based first-line ART in routine practice across Europe. Factors such as baseline viral load and CD4 cell count can affect the treatment outcomes.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Ian K. J. Wong, Andrew E. Grulich, Isobel Mary Poynten, Mark N. Polizzotto, Marina T. Leeuwen, Janaki Amin, Skye McGregor, Matthew Law, David J. Templeton, Claire M. Vajdic, Fengyi Jin
Summary: The study in Australia observed a significant decrease in the incidence of AIDS-defining cancers among PLHIV over time, but with a continued elevated standard incidence ratio. Infection-related non-AIDS-defining cancers such as anal, liver, and head and neck cancers showed an increasing trend in incidence. Non-infection-related cancers like colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer demonstrated an increasing trend in crude incidence rates, while age-standardized rates remained stable.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Vita Christie, MacKenzie Rice, Jocelyn Dracakis, Deb Green, Janaki Amin, Karen Littlejohn, Christopher Pyke, Debbie McCowen, Kylie Gwynne
Summary: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australian women, and the mortality rate is higher among Aboriginal women. This study aims to improve breast cancer outcomes for Aboriginal women using co-design methods.
Article
Immunology
Joanne M. Carson, Gregory J. Dore, Andrew R. Lloyd, Jason Grebely, Marianne Byrne, Evan Cunningham, Janaki Amin, Peter Vickerman, Natasha K. Martin, Carla Treloar, Marianne Martinello, Gail V. Matthews, Behzad Hajarizadeh
Summary: This study assessed the risk of HCV reinfection following treatment within Australian prisons that had opioid agonist therapy programs but did not have needle and syringe programs. The results showed a high rate of reinfection, especially among individuals with recent injection drug use and needle/syringe sharing. The findings highlight the importance of posttreatment surveillance and retreatment, and suggest the need for high-coverage opioid agonist therapy and needle and syringe programs within prisons.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Nila J. Dharan, Fengyi Jin, Stefanie Vaccher, Benjamin Bavinton, Barbara Yeung, Rebecca Guy, Andrew Carr, Iryna Zablotska, Janaki Amin, Philip Read, David J. Templeton, Catriona Oii, Sarah J. Martin, Nathan Ryder, Don E. Smith, Anna McNulty, Katherine Brown, Karen Price, Jo Holden, Andrew E. Grulich
Summary: In a large implementation study of daily oral preexposure prophylaxis, it was found that all HIV seroconversions occurred due to insufficient adherence. These findings emphasize the importance of supporting adherence, especially when there is a discordance between self-perceived risk and risk behaviors.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Pietro R. Di Ciaccio, Marina T. Van Leeuwen, Janaki Amin, Claire M. Vajdic, Skye McGregor, Isobel M. Poynten, David J. Templeton, Matthew Law, Andrew E. Grulich, Mark N. Polizzotto, Fengyi Jin
Summary: A national population-based data linkage study in Australia revealed the incidence and risk factors of second primary cancer (SPC) in people living with HIV (PLWHIV) between 1982 and 2012. The study found that the risk of SPC remains high in PLWHIV, with a temporal increase observed in non-infection-related SPCs while the incidence of infection-related SPCs decreased.
JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Diana Tang, Yvonne Tran, Catherine McMahon, Jessica Turner, Janaki Amin, Kompal Sinha, Mohammad Nure Alam, Viviana Wuthrich, Kerry A. Sherman, Patrick Garcia, Rebecca Mitchell, Jeffrey Braithwaite, Greg Leigh, Shermin Lim, Giriraj Singh Shekhawat, Frances Rapport, Melanie Ferguson, Bamini Gopinath
Summary: The HALOS study aims to evaluate the impacts of hearing devices, differences in timing of interventions, and cost-effectiveness of early intervention for adult-onset hearing loss. It collects cross-sectional and longitudinal data on health and social outcomes from 908 hearing aid and/or cochlear implant users aged >= 40 years. The study has been approved by the Macquarie University Human Research Ethics Committee and Southern Adelaide Local Health Network.
Article
Substance Abuse
Heather Valerio, Maryam Alavi, Alison D. Marshall, Behzad Hajarizadeh, Janaki Amin, Matthew Law, Shane Tillakeratne, Jacob George, Louisa Degenhardt, Jason Grebely, Gail V. Matthews, Gregory J. Dore
Summary: Females of childbearing age with hepatitis C virus (HCV) face barriers to direct acting antiviral (DAA) therapy, especially those with recent drug dependence and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Enhancing antenatal and postnatal HCV care may be critical for improving DAA uptake and achieving elimination.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Maria R. Dahm, Rebecca Bull, Lauren Sadow, Dung Tran, Yvonne Zurynski, Janaki Amin, Fay Hadley, Linda J. Harrison, Manjula Waniganayake, Sandie Wong, Sheila Degotardi
Summary: This study analyzed the linguistic and numerical complexity of COVID-19-related health information communicated from Australian national and state governments and health agencies to early childhood education (ECE) settings. The findings showed that most health advice focused on hygiene, distancing, and exclusion. While the numerical concepts were relatively simple, they lacked elaborative features and required subjective interpretation.
PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Patricia Taflan, Paul L. Simpson, Mandy Wilson, Jocelyn Jones, Basil Donovan, Janaki Amin, Sally Nathan, Tony Butler
Summary: The associations between factors related to sexually transmissible infections (STI) and HIV testing and diagnosis among justice-involved adolescents, particularly Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander peoples, are unclear. This study found that for Aboriginal participants, being male and having fewer sexual partners were associated with never having had an STI/HIV test. For non-Aboriginal participants, being male, single, attending school, not seeking sexual health information, and having lower STI/HIV knowledge scores were associated with never having had an STI/HIV test. Factors associated with STI diagnosis were non-heterosexual sexual orientation, transactional sex, and seeking sexual health information.
Article
Immunology
Bette Liu, Sandrine Stepien, Jiahui Qian, Heather Gidding, Katrina Nicolopoulos, Janaki Amin, Allen Cheng, Kristine Macartney
Summary: This study compared the effectiveness of different COVID-19 vaccines. The results showed that the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine had higher effectiveness in preventing primary infections compared to mRNA-1273, ChAdOx-1 nCov-19, and NVX-CoV2373. For booster doses, the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine also showed good effectiveness.
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Vita Christie, Lynette Riley, Deb Green, Kylie Snook, Mandy Henningham, Boe Rambaldini, Janaki Amin, Chris Pyke, Megan Varlow, Sally Goss, John Skinner, Ross O'Shea, Deb McCowen, Kylie Gwynne
Summary: This study evaluates if the current Australian public policy regarding breast cancer screening, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care meets the needs of outcomes for Indigenous women. The results indicate that the current policy does not address the needs of Indigenous women and requires change to improve outcomes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR EQUITY IN HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Behzad Hajarizadeh, Joanne M. Carson, Marianne Byrne, Jason Grebely, Evan Cunningham, Janaki Amin, Peter Vickerman, Natasha K. Martin, Carla Treloar, Marianne Martinello, Andrew R. Lloyd, Gregory J. Dore, SToP C study Grp
Summary: People in prison, especially those who inject drugs, are at a high risk of contracting HCV. This study found a high HCV incidence rate in prison, with a higher rate of re-infection than primary infection. Injecting drugs in prison and being released and re-incarcerated were identified as risk factors for HCV transmission. High-dosage opioid agonist therapy was protective against HCV infection, while sharing needles/syringes without consistent use of disinfectant increased the risk. Improved opioid agonist therapy coverage and needle/syringe programs are needed to reduce HCV transmission in prison.
JOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Kristy Burns, Elizabeth-Ann Schroeder, Thomas Fung, Louise A. Ellis, Janaki Amin
Summary: This research utilizes survey data from Australia to identify industries with high rates of psychological distress and estimate the productivity impacts in terms of work loss and cutback days. The study finds that high-risk industries include Information media and telecommunications, Accommodation and food services, and Retail. The findings highlight the substantial psychological distress that affects productivity.
JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Reidar P. Lystad, Diana Fajardo Pulido, Lorna Peters, Melissa Johnstone, Louise A. Ellis, Jeffrey Braithwaite, Viviana Wuthrich, Janaki Amin, Cate M. Cameron, Rebecca J. Mitchell
Summary: This pilot study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of recruiting university graduates to establish a longitudinal cohort study on emerging adulthood. The overall recruitment rate was low, but respondents who participated had good completeness of survey responses. The study offers insights and recommendations for future research investigating health and well-being in emerging adults through longitudinal cohort studies.
JMIR FORMATIVE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Barbara P. F. Davis, Janaki Amin, Neil Franklin, Paul J. Beggs
Summary: The implementation of COVID-19 public health measures in Australia led to a decrease in salmonellosis notifications, with states and territories with stricter or longer measures experiencing greater reductions. However, the high notification rate in the Northern Territory suggests the importance of demographic and environmental factors.
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES INTELLIGENCE
(2022)