Article
Veterinary Sciences
Shekhar Gupta, Larry A. Kuehn, Michael L. Clawson
Summary: Artificial intelligence can distinguish cattle by their muzzle patterns and identify early cases of disease such as IBK. It shows high sensitivity and specificity in detecting IBK cases, indicating its potential as an intervention tool in IBK prevention.
VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Eman Anis, Jobin J. Kattoor, Sabrina S. Greening, Lee Jones, Rebeca P. Wilkes
Summary: Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) has a negative impact on the cattle industry. Moraxella species, including a new species called Mor. oculobovii, have been found in the eyes of cattle with IBK. The composition of the ocular microbiota may play a role in the occurrence and severity of IBK.
VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Rebecca P. Wilkes, Jobin J. Kattoor, Hsin-Yi Weng, Eman Anis
Summary: This study developed a targeted NGS panel that can directly detect and speciate the three Moraxella species associated with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis from bovine ocular swabs. The panel is able to differentiate the species and assess the Moraxella diversity in IBK and non-IBK-affected cattle eyes without the need for culture.
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Matthew M. Hille, Matthew L. Spangler, Michael L. Clawson, Kelly D. Heath, Hiep L. X. Vu, Rachel E. S. Rogers, John Dustin Loy
Summary: The autogenous vaccine formulation showed lower IBK incidence and retreatment rate compared to the commercial and sham formulations. The autogenous formulation also induced a stronger antibody response than the commercial and sham formulations.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Ria van Dyke, Melanie Connor, Amy Miele
Summary: A survey of veterinarians in New Zealand revealed that most veterinarians believe that a multimodal approach is the most effective method for managing perioperative pain in calves, while also identifying barriers that may hinder the use of pain management on-farm. Demographic differences were found to influence veterinary perceptions towards perioperative pain management, but overall there is considerable support among veterinarians for improving pain mitigation in calves and strengthening minimum provisions for calf welfare.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Mac Kneipp, Alexandra C. Green, Merran Govendir, Michael Laurence, Navneet K. Dhand
Summary: Pinkeye is a significant disease of cattle worldwide, and a commercial vaccine for it has been available in Australia since 2007. However, this field trial showed that the vaccine was not effective in preventing naturally occurring pinkeye.
PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Anna Juffinger, Julia Schoiswohl, Anna Stanitznig, Reinhild Krametter-Froetscher, Thomas Wittek, Susanne Waiblinger
Summary: Hot-iron disbudding of calves is a painful intervention, and injecting clove oil or isoeugenol under the horn bud as an alternative method was investigated. The injection of isoeugenol caused less pain sensitivity and shorter duration compared to hot-iron disbudding, while clove oil injection had smaller differences and higher occurrence of eyelid swellings. More research is needed on the effectiveness of isoeugenol in preventing horn growth.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Sarah J. J. Adcock, Blair C. Downey, Chela Owens, Cassandra B. Tucker
Summary: Hot-iron disbudding in dairy calves leads to behavioral changes indicative of pain, with reduced rumination and increased sucking behavior observed in the first few days after the procedure. The study also found that disbudded calves showed increased sleeping and lying behavior in the days following the procedure. These behavioral changes persist for at least 3 weeks, raising welfare concerns.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
John A. Angelos, Kristin A. Clothier, Regina L. Agulto, Boguslav Mandzyuk, Morten Tryland
Summary: This study characterized the PilA encoded by M. bovoculi isolated from IBK-affected cattle, finding diversity among PilA sequences. However, compared to the structural Pilin proteins of different serogroups of M. bovis, PilA from geographically diverse M. bovoculi isolates showed more conservation.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Hannah G. Olson, John Dustin Loy, Michael L. Clawson, Emily L. Wynn, Matthew M. Hille
Summary: This study classified Moraxella bovis strains based on genotype using whole genome sequencing, and successfully developed two biomarker models that accurately identify the genotype of M. bovis strains using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF).
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Emeline Nogues, Marina A. G. von Keyserlingk, Daniel M. Weary
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of surgical and rubber ring castration on dairy calves. The results showed that surgical treatment led to better healing, less inflammation, greater weight gain, higher food intake, longer lying time, and less licking behavior compared to rubber ring treatment.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Giuliano Borriello, Flaminia Valentini, Mauro Rampinelli, Sara Ferrini, Giulia Cagnotti, Antonio D'angelo, Claudio Bellino
Summary: This study compared the measurements made with three ultrasound transducers in field conditions on 20 healthy calves. The results showed that both linear and transrectal gynecological transducers can be used for eye examination, but the transrectal gynecological probe is the most suitable choice for ocular ultrasonography in field conditions due to its widespread application.
Article
Microbiology
Alison C. Bartenslager, Nirosh D. Althuge, John Dustin Loy, Matthew M. Hille, Matthew L. Spangler, Samodha C. Fernando
Summary: The study found that the ocular microbiota in cattle is dominated by opportunistic pathogens such as Moraxella and Mycoplasma. Additionally, the research demonstrates that the ocular microbiota in calves can change following disturbance, and there is similarity between the microbiota in both eyes.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Laura Whalin, Daniel M. Weary, Marina A. G. von Keyserlingk
Summary: This study aimed to determine the preferences of dairy calves for outdoor access during summer conditions. The results showed that approximately one-third of the time, calves chose to be outside when given the option. This choice was influenced by weather, calf age, average daily gain, and coat color.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Temple Grandin, Antonio Velarde, Ana Strappini, Marien Gerritzen, Marcelo Ghezzi, Julio Martinez-Burnes, Ismael Hernandez-Avalos, Adriana Dominguez-Oliva, Alejandro Casas-Alvarado, Daniel Mota-Rojas
Summary: Due to anatomical differences, current mechanical stunning methods used in cattle are ineffective in water buffaloes, resulting in consciousness and pain during the slaughter process. This review highlights the importance of selecting a suitable stunning method for water buffaloes to avoid pain and suffering and discusses potential pain-related consequences. Additionally, it addresses the signs to assess stun quality to ensure the welfare and quality of death for water buffaloes.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Edison S. Magalhaes, Jeffrey J. Zimmerman, Pete Thomas, Cesar A. A. Moura, Giovani Trevisan, Derald J. Holtkamp, Chong Wang, Christopher Rademacher, Gustavo S. Silva, Daniel C. L. Linhares
Summary: This study developed an automated framework to analyze the risk factors for swine wean-to-finish mortality by integrating data from multiple sources. The results showed that sow farm health and productivity were closely linked to subsequent mortality during the wean-to-finish phase.
PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Elizabeth M. Parker, Anthony J. Parker, Gwen Short, Annette M. O'Connor, Thomas E. Wittum
Summary: Salmonella contamination in livestock feed is a serious issue in veterinary and public health. A systematic review of 97 studies from 1955 to 2020 across seven global regions found differences in contamination risk between animal-based and plant-based feed components, with animal-based components being more likely to be contaminated. The prevalence of Salmonella contamination decreased over time, but antimicrobial resistance remains a concern.
PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Sanjana Mahadev Bhat, Nyzil Massey, Denusha Shrestha, Locke A. Karriker, Tomislav Jelesijevic, Chong Wang, Chandrashekhar Charavaryamath
Summary: Exposure to organic dust in agriculture can cause respiratory symptoms and loss of lung function. Mitochondrial dysfunction induced by organic dust may be related to the secretion of HMGB1. Neutralization of HMGB1 secreted by organic dust exposure can rescue mitochondrial dysfunction in human bronchial epithelial cells.
CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jan M. Sargeant, Annette M. O'Connor, Ellen R. Vriezen, Sarah C. Totton, Stephen J. LeBlanc
Summary: Research is crucial for discovering new knowledge and making evidence-based decisions, but its usefulness relies on its availability. This study examined the publication and accessibility of controlled trials conducted in dairy cattle and found that the publication and accessibility of research results in this field are suboptimal, indicating a wastage area.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Jan M. Sargeant, Marnie L. Brennan, Annette M. O'Connor
Summary: Clinical decisions should be based on the best evidence, and primary research results are an important part of that evidence. There are three approaches to evaluating internal validity: assessing bias potential based on study designs, evaluating key study design features associated with bias potential, and judging whether study design elements may result in biased results. Assessing bias risk is the least assumptive approach and should be used when possible. However, not all study designs have bias risk instruments, so it may be necessary to incorporate bias risk questions into existing quality assessment instruments.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jan M. Sargeant, Annette M. O'Connor, Stephen J. LeBlanc, Charlotte B. Winder
Summary: Clinical trials are valuable for evaluating intervention efficacy, but multiple trial results and intervention replication are necessary for building a body of evidence. Lack of replication and inconsistent outcomes across trials hinder the integration and interpretation of intervention efficacy. Development of core outcome sets can improve trial consistency and aid evidence-based decision-making.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Lauren McKeen, Paul Morris, Chong Wang, Max D. D. Morris, Annette M. M. O'Connor
Summary: This article presents an approach to finding the best connecting trial to compare the effectiveness of different treatments of interest. The study shows that connecting treatments indirectly may be preferred to direct connection by leveraging existing disconnected networks. Researchers can use the provided procedure to identify the optimal connecting trial.
BMC MEDICAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Jan Sargeant, Annette O'Connor, Terri O'Sullivan, Alejandro Ramirez
Summary: Researchers should implement design features such as random allocation and blinding to reduce bias in trials. The method of generating random sequence and strategies for stratification or blocking should be reported. Objectively measured outcomes should be used when blinding is not possible. All outcomes should be reported and a publicly available trial protocol is necessary.
JOURNAL OF SWINE HEALTH AND PRODUCTION
(2023)
Editorial Material
Veterinary Sciences
Jan M. Sargeant, Annette M. O'Connor, Terri L. O'Sullivan, Alejandro Ramirez, Chong Wang
Summary: Clustering of animals in pens, rooms, barns, or farms leads to nonindependence at the individual pig level. Failure to account for clustering results in underpowered clinical trials and inappropriate confidence intervals, potentially leading to misleading research on interventions.
JOURNAL OF SWINE HEALTH AND PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Fangshu Ye, Chong Wang, Annette M. M. O'Connor
Summary: Researchers have proposed methods based on updating network meta-analysis to achieve higher power and increased precision in trials. However, this approach may lead to misinterpreted results and misstated conclusions. This study investigates the potential inflation of type I error risk when a new trial is conducted based on a statistically promising finding indicated by the existing network.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Justin Brown, Korakrit Poonsuk, Ting-Yu Cheng, Chris Rademacher, Erin Kalkwarf, Liying Tian, Lauren A. McKeen, Chong Wang, Luis Gimenez-Lirola, David Baum, Locke A. Karriker
Summary: Antibodies can be transmitted from a sow to her piglets through milk, and their levels can be monitored in the sow's serum to determine if they can provide protection for the piglets. This study compared two diagnostic assays for the detection of antibodies for a specific virus in pigs, and found moderate agreement between the assays. The high-throughput neutralization assay showed advantages over the fluorescent focus neutralization assay in terms of specificity and result discrimination.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Audrey Ruple, Jan M. Sargeant, Laura E. Selmic, Annette M. O'Connor
Summary: A reporting guideline for clinical trials conducted in client- and shelter-owned dog and cat populations was developed. The guideline consists of 25 main items with several sub-items, aiming to improve the reporting quality of trials in this field. The development of the guideline was a virtual collaborative effort involving experts from different countries and sectors.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Edison S. S. Magalhaes, Danyang Zhang, Chong Wang, Pete Thomas, Cesar A. A. Moura, Derald J. J. Holtkamp, Giovani Trevisan, Christopher Rademacher, Gustavo S. S. Silva, Daniel C. L. Linhares
Summary: In this study, a data-wrangling pipeline was built to integrate diverse and dispersed data streams collected from a swine production company, creating a master table that was used to predict the nursery mortality of groups of pigs. The Support Vector Machine model demonstrated the best overall prediction results, showing high accuracy in forecasting nursery mortality.
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Sheila Keay, Zvonimir Poljak, Famke Alberts, Annette O'Connor, Robert Friendship, Terri L. O'Sullivan, Jan M. Sargeant
Summary: This study applied evidence-based medicine methods to investigate the protection of piglets from influenza through vaccination of sows. The study found that if the vaccine used in the mother pigs matched the infecting virus, the piglets took longer to shed the virus and had lower virus titers. However, since piglets in commercial farms are often exposed to multiple strains of influenza, further research is needed to assess the real-world applicability of these findings.
Article
Microbiology
Gaurav Rawal, Jianqiang Zhang, Patrick G. Halbur, Phillip C. Gauger, Chong Wang, Tanja Opriessnig
Summary: The pathogenicity of currently circulating PRCV variant isolates was compared to traditional PRCV isolates, and it was found that the variant isolates are more transmissible and pathogenic. Additionally, it was observed that infection with the variant isolates did not impact influenza A virus infection. These findings raise concerns about the evolution of PRCV towards more highly pathogenic and transmissible strains and emphasize the importance of monitoring such viruses.