Review
Microbiology
Lorenzo Eugenio Leiva, Victor Zegarra, Gert Bange, Michael Ibba
Summary: Nucleotides are essential for biological processes in the cell, playing key roles in molecular biology and regulating metabolic pathways. They are dynamic, interact with each other, and provide feedback to the cell's metabolic state, adapting to environmental and growth challenges. Intracellular nucleotides fine-tune the activity of RNA polymerase, synthesis of tRNAs, mRNA translation, and assembly of ribosomes involved in protein synthesis. The ribosome acts as a molecular hub where nucleotides encounter and regulate the cell's state.
MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jordan D. Fuqua, Marcus M. Lawrence, Zachary R. Hettinger, Agnieszka K. Borowik, Parker L. Brecheen, Marcelina M. Szczygiel, Claire B. Abbott, Frederick F. Peelor, Amy L. Confides, Michael Kinter, Sue C. Bodine, Esther E. Dupont-Versteegden, Benjamin F. Miller
Summary: The failure of old muscle to fully recover after disuse is due to impaired protein folding and degradation mechanisms, rather than limitations in protein synthesis.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Keewan Kim, Samrawit F. Yisahak, Carrie J. Nobles, Victoria C. Andriessen, Elizabeth A. DeVilbiss, Lindsey A. Sjaarda, Ahoud Alohali, Neil J. Perkins, Sunni L. Mumford
Summary: Among reproductive-aged women who meet the recommended dietary allowance for total protein, low intake of vegetable protein, but not animal protein, may disrupt normal ovulatory function. Total protein and animal protein intake were not associated with reproductive hormones or anovulation.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
T. A. Del Valle, J. P. G. de Morais, M. Campana, E. B. Azevedo, H. Louvandini, A. L. Abdalla
Summary: Dry matter intake is an important factor in animal nutrition evaluation. The use of purine derivatives excretion can help estimate microbial protein synthesis and thus estimate DMI. The study evaluated different models to estimate DMI and digestible DMI using regression analysis, and found that the PDC index is the best variable for estimating sheep DMI.
ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Daisuke Kurita, Hyouta Himeno
Summary: To maintain proteostasis, cells employ ribosome rescue systems to relieve stalled ribosomes on problematic mRNA. In Escherichia coli, there are at least three such systems to deal with ribosomes stalled on non-stop mRNA.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sophie L. Mathewson, Adam L. Gordon, Kenneth Smith, Philip J. Atherton, Carolyn A. Greig, Bethan E. Phillips
Summary: This study found that habitual dietary intake did not explain the differences in muscle mass and strength parameters between young and older adults, suggesting that there may be other factors contributing to these differences. Larger sample size studies are needed to further investigate these relationships and potentially inform interventions against sarcopenia development.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hao-Yuan Wang, Haojun Yang, Mikael Holm, Keely Oltion, Harrison Tom, Amjad Ayad Qatran Al-Khdhairawi, Jean-Frederic F. Weber, Scott C. Blanchard, Davide Ruggero, Jack Taunton
Summary: Ternatin-family cyclic peptides inhibit protein synthesis by targeting eukaryotic elongation factor-1 alpha. The synthetic SR-A3 showed enhanced residence time and rebinding kinetics compared to SS-A3, both in vitro and in cells. Thrice-weekly dosing with SR-A3 reduced tumor burden and increased survival in a mouse lymphoma model. These findings demonstrate the potential of SR-A3 as a cancer therapeutic and suggest an evolutionary mechanism for enhancing cyclic peptide binding kinetics via stereospecific side-chain hydroxylation.
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Chenyuan Bai, Ziniu Wu
Summary: The transit time difference of fluid particles moving along the upper and lower surfaces of a lift-producing airfoil is examined theoretically and numerically. The study reveals that, under thin airfoil assumption and potential flow, the transit time difference is proportional to the circulation divided by the square of the inflow velocity, while the lift coefficient is half of the number of chords covered by the airfoil during the transit time difference. The analysis suggests that for very thick airfoils, the transit time may change sign, depending on the flow structure and geometry configuration.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF AERONAUTICS
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Qiutao Xu, Yijie Wang, Yaping Yue, Zhengting Chen, Dao-Xiu Zhou, Yu Zhao
Summary: This article has been withdrawn due to an error, and the definitive version is published under DOI.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Niraj Kumar, Shivani Sharma, Prem S. Kaushal
Summary: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) possesses unique features in its ribosome, such as specific ribosomal proteins and RNA segments. Translation in Mtb can be modulated by stress factors and toxins in a species-specific manner. The mechanism of recruitment of leaderless messenger RNAs to the Mtb ribosome remains unclear.
MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Mina N. Anadolu, Jingyu Sun, Senthilkumar Kailasam, Kleanthi Chalkiadaki, Konstanze Krimbacher, Jewel T. -Y. Li, Teodora Markova, Seyed M. Jafarnejad, Francois Lefebvre, Joaquin Ortega, Christos G. Gkogkas, Wayne S. Sossin
Summary: The granule fraction contains proteins implicated in stalled polysome function, and the ribosomes in this fraction are mainly stalled in the hybrid state. Ribosome profiling reveals longer footprints on mRNAs associated with FMRPs and an increase in ribosome occupancy on mRNAs encoding RNA binding proteins. The data supports a model in which specific sequences in mRNAs stall ribosomes during translation elongation in neurons.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Jianqin Jiao, Kanisha Kavdia, Vishwajeeth Pagala, Lance Palmer, David Finkelstein, Yiping Fan, Junmin Peng, Fabio Demontis
Summary: Recent evidence suggests that the ribosome composition is heterogeneous and specialized ribosomal proteins play a role in regulating protein synthesis, with particular variants showing differential expression in germline and muscle tissues. Overexpression of RpS28a in muscle, similar to levels in germline, reduces early mortality and promotes synthesis of proteins with anti-aging functions, indicating a contribution of specialized ribosomal proteins to muscle proteome regulation during aging.
G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Takahiro Mori, Satoru Ato, Jonas R. Knudsen, Carlos Henriquez-Olguin, Zhencheng Li, Koki Wakabayashi, Takeshi Suginohara, Kazuhiko Higashida, Yuki Tamura, Koichi Nakazato, Thomas E. Jensen, Riki Ogasawara
Summary: The study found that c-Myc overexpression is sufficient to stimulate skeletal muscle ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis without activation of mTORC1. This may provide new insights into the mechanisms of ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis following high-intensity muscle contractions.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ester Parada-Ricart, Natalia Ferre, Veronica Luque, Dariusz Gruszfeld, Kinga Gradowska, Ricardo Closa-Monasterolo, Berthold Koletzko, Veit Grote, Joaquin Escribano Subias
Summary: This study aimed to assess the persistent effect of higher protein ingestion early in life on kidney volume and blood pressure at 11 years of age. The results showed that infants fed with a higher-protein formula had larger kidney volume and higher systolic blood pressure at 11 years of age. This suggests that increased protein ingestion early in life may impact kidney volume and blood pressure in later childhood.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Kui Wang, Chuanzhong Xuan, Pei Wu, Feilong Liu, Xiantao Fan
Summary: Accurate estimation of sheep feed intake is crucial for pasture management and understanding grass-livestock ecosystems. This study designed a comprehensive experiment considering factors such as animal body weight, grass species, and grass moisture content. Multiple explanatory variables were used to predict intake, and the results showed strong correlations between chewing-derived acoustic variables and intake. Adding factor variables and sheep body weight improved the accuracy of the prediction model.
COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE
(2022)