Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Mohsin Raza, Abrar Inayat, Basim Abu-Jdayil
Summary: Biodiesel as an emerging substitute for petroleum products is ecologically safe and sustainable, but its high production cost is linearly related to its feedstock. The processing and disposal of its by-product, crude glycerol, poses a major challenge in the biodiesel industry. Utilizing crude glycerol in thermochemical conversion processes to produce valuable products could potentially reduce the production cost of biodiesel.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Taha Attarbachi, Martin D. Kingsley, Vincenzo Spallina
Summary: The global community's efforts to reduce dependence on fossil fuels have led to an oversupply of crude glycerol due to the increased production of biodiesel. This review paper provides an overview of the global glycerol market, discusses advanced crude glycerol purification technologies, and highlights the challenges and potential solutions for industrial implementation. The results suggest that membrane-based separation technologies driven by pressure, heat, and electrochemistry can effectively purify glycerol, but hybrid solutions may be necessary to address impurities from waste-based feedstocks in biodiesel production.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dominika Gyuranova, Vladimir Krasnan, Ivan Spanik, Martin Rebros
Summary: This study successfully expressed recombinant enzymes to degrade biodiesel contaminants using high cell-density fermentation with crude glycerol. The optimized fermentation conditions achieved a biomass concentration of 30 g/l with comparable specific activity to pure glycerol production. The expression of inclusion bodies was eliminated by increasing the induction temperature. The produced enzymes efficiently hydrolyzed biodiesel contaminants and achieved 100% conversion. This approach of utilizing waste carbon recycling for beneficial enzyme production aligns with the concept of sustainable circular bioeconomy.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jianan Zhang, Yuesen Wang, Valerie L. Muldoon, Sili Deng
Summary: Biodiesels are crucial in achieving low-carbon transportation as renewable fuels. The utilization of crude glycerol, a waste byproduct, to produce glycerol for fuel purposes is an affordable and direct approach. Combining crude glycerol with solid fuels can improve combustion performance, while glycerol as an oxygenated fuel additive lowers NOx emissions.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Lalit R. Kumar, Rajwinder Kaur, R. D. Tyagi, Patrick Drogui
Summary: By conducting energy balance and economic assessment of crude glycerol valorization for B10 biodiesel and polyhydroxy-butyrate (PHB) production, it was found that producing B10 biodiesel is more economically favorable than PHB production when utilizing crude glycerol as substrate.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Man Zhao, Yanan Wang, Wenting Zhou, Wei Zhou, Zhiwei Gong
Summary: Microbial lipid production from low-cost substrates by oleaginous yeasts, such as crude glycerol, shows great potential for commercial success in biodiesel production. The supplementation of additional nutrients and the co-valorization of crude glycerol and other low-cost substrates have been emphasized as strategies to achieve high lipid production. Furthermore, the co-fermentation of glycerol and lignocellulosic sugars has shown synergistic effects for lipogenesis. Integration of crude glycerol-based pretreatment and glycerol/lignocellulosic hydrolysates co-utilization can lead to the development of a novel biodiesel industry. The produced lipids exhibit similar profiles to vegetable oils and possess high-quality biodiesel properties, offering both economic and environmental benefits.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Muhammad Harussani Moklis, Shou Cheng, Jeffrey S. Cross
Summary: Crude glycerol, the main byproduct of biodiesel manufacturing, presents opportunities for valorization into higher value-added chemicals. However, it often contains impurities that require expensive refining processes for industrial usage. This review explores thermo-, bio-, physico-, and electrochemical approaches for upgrading crude glycerol, highlighting the underdeveloped potential of electrochemical technology as a major upgrading technique due to its simplicity, low maintenance cost, and ambient condition operation.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Eduardo Ramos Braga, Rafael Ramos Braga, Luiz Antonio Magalhaes Pontes
Summary: This paper proposes a new process for the production of acrylonitrile using crude glycerol, showing its economic viability and competitiveness compared to the current route. This new route supports the development of further studies in this area.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Abu Hassan Noor Armylisas, Seng Soi Hoong, Tuan Noor Maznee Tuan Ismail
Summary: This study characterized crude glycerol and glycerol pitch samples from Malaysian palm oil refineries and compared them with pure glycerol. The results showed that both crude glycerol and glycerol pitch have high glycerol content, making them suitable for bioconversion and chemical or thermal treatment as feedstock.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jiaxin Chen, Xiaolei Zhang, Rajeshwar Dayal Tyagi
Summary: The study demonstrates that cultivating oleaginous yeast in wastewater sludge and crude glycerol medium with the addition of NH4Cl can increase biomass and lipid production, reduce biodiesel production cost, and provide a competitive alternative to commercial biodiesel production from sustainable bioenergy production system.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
V. V. S. Almeida, A. C. Oliveira, R. R. Silva, J. S. Ribeiro, H. C. Oliveira, L. S. Santos, D. M. Lima Jr
Summary: The study found that using crude glycerin as a feed additive in beef production can have positive effects on performance and meat quality, increasing both total fat content and certain fatty acids in the meat. However, incorporating crude glycerin up to a certain level does not alter the performance of crossbred heifers finished in tropical pasture.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Subhash B. Magar, Dan Bahadur Pal, Sumit Kumar Jana
Summary: The catalytic activity of biofuel additive was tested using supported heteropoly acid on bentonite and MCM-41 materials of different compositions. The results showed that the activity of the catalyst was influenced by the concentration of dodecatungsto-phosphoric acid (DTP) and the type of support material. The maximum selectivity towards di- and triacetin was achieved with a concentration of 60% DTP/BNT. The catalysts were characterized using XRD, FT-IR, and TGA/DTA analysis. Various trials were conducted on a mixture of the major product obtained from the esterification of glycerol biomass with acetic acid using the 60% DTP/BNT catalyst to evaluate the characteristics of the biofuel additive. The product showed excellent performance compared to conventional diesel biofuel additives.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Lalit R. Kumar, Sravan K. Yellapu, R. D. Tyagi, Patrick Drogui
Summary: This study conducted fed-batch fermentation at pH 6.0 using municipal sludge and crude glycerol to cultivate Y. lipolytica SKY7, resulting in high biomass and lipid concentration. The biodiesel produced from sludge-cultivated YL had a similar fatty acid ester profile as vegetable oil.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Higor Fabio Carvalho Bezerra, Edson Mauro Santos, Gleidson Giordano Pinto de Carvalho, Juliana Silva de Oliveira, Anderson de Moura Zanine, Ricardo Martins Araujo Pinho, Maria Leonor Garcia Melo Lopes de Araujo, Alexandre Fernandes Perazzo, Daniele de Jesus Ferreira
Summary: This study assessed the effects of different levels of crude glycerin on the carcass characteristics and meat quality of Boer crossbred goat kids. The results showed that increasing levels of crude glycerin led to a decrease in dry matter intake, but had no effect on body conformation or subcutaneous fat thickness. Furthermore, the crude glycerin had no significant effect on meat quality parameters and can be used as an energy source in the diet.
FOOD SCIENCE & NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Matheus Oliveira, Ana Ramos, Eliseu Monteiro, Abel Rouboa
Summary: Considering waste as a resource and utilizing it for useful purposes is a strategy in the circular economy. This study developed a process flow chart in a computer simulator to produce pure glycerol from crude glycerol, a by-product of biodiesel production. The developed model optimized the purification process, increasing the mass flow rate of pure glycerol by 40%. This highlights the potential of utilizing waste for developing new products and contributing to the principles of zero waste and circular economy.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
M. Francavilla, P. Manara, P. Kamaterou, M. Monteleone, A. Zabaniotou
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2015)
Article
Food Science & Technology
P. Manara, D. Vamvuka, S. Sfakiotakis, C. Vanderghem, A. Richel, A. Zabaniotou
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2015)
Article
Environmental Sciences
P. Manara, A. Zabaniotou
WASTE AND BIOMASS VALORIZATION
(2016)
Article
Thermodynamics
M. Ganesapillai, P. Manara, A. Zabaniotou
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2016)
Article
Thermodynamics
P. Manara, S. Bezergianni, U. Pfisterer
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2018)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
P. Manara, A. Zabaniotou, C. Vanderghem, A. Richel
Article
Thermodynamics
Dimitrios Mertzis, Panagiotis Mitsakis, Stefanos Tsiakmakis, Panagiota Manara, Anastasia Zabaniotou, Zissis Samaras
Article
Agricultural Engineering
A. Zabaniotou, P. Bitou, Th Kanellis, P. Manara, G. Stavropoulos
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2014)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
V. K. Skoulou, P. Manara, A. A. Zabaniotou
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2012)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
P. Manara, A. Zabaniotou
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2012)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
P. Manara, A. Zabaniotou
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND ASSESSMENTS
(2014)
Proceedings Paper
Energy & Fuels
A. Zabaniotou, P. Mitsakis, D. Mertzis, S. Tsiakmakis, P. Manara, Z. Samaras
MEDITERRANEAN GREEN ENERGY FORUM 2013: PROCEEDINGS OF AN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE MGEF-13
(2013)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Guanshuai Zhang, Shanjian Liu, Dongmei Bi, Zhisen He, Jia Liu, Yinjiao Liu
Summary: Hydrogen peroxide pretreatment was applied for fast pyrolysis of corn stalks, and it was found that the pretreatment effectively promoted lignin depolymerization and decreased the reaction activation energy. The pretreatment also increased the cellulose content and removed alkali and alkaline earth metals from the biomass. The pH of the hydrogen peroxide solution affected the removal of lignin and ash by the pretreatment, and the composition of bio-oil changed significantly, with a significant increase in the relative content of levoglucosan after pretreatment.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2024)