Article
Clinical Neurology
Sudeshna Das, Zhaozhi Li, Astrid Wachter, Srinija Alla, Ayush Noori, Aicha Abdourahman, Joseph A. Tamm, Maya E. Woodbury, Robert V. Talanian, Knut Biber, Eric H. Karran, Bradley T. Hyman, Alberto Serrano-Pozo
Summary: Through RNA sequencing of brain tissues from Alzheimer's disease patients and controls using laser capture microdissection, it was found that there are molecular changes in different brain cell types associated with neuroinflammation and neuronal dysfunction, especially around Aβ plaques, and these changes are more severe in individuals with APOE ε4 genotype.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Shama D. Karanth, Yuriko Katsumata, Peter T. Nelson, David W. Fardo, Jaclyn K. McDowell, Frederick A. Schmitt, Richard J. Kryscio, Steven R. Browning, Dejana Braithwaite, Susanne M. Arnold, Erin L. Abner
Summary: This study investigated the association between cancer diagnosis and neuropathological and cognitive features of dementia. The findings showed that cancer diagnosis was associated with a lower burden of Alzheimer's disease pathology and less cognitive impairment.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Mehdi Sanati, Samaneh Aminyavari, Amir R. Afshari, Amirhossein Sahebkar
Summary: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a type of dementia characterized by memory decline and cognition impairment. There are similarities between AD and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), which suggests that metformin, a hypoglycemic agent, could be used as an alternative therapy for AD. Preclinical studies have shown that metformin can improve cognition and memory impairment in AD models through various mechanisms.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Sai Sreenivasamurthy, Mahek Laul, Nan Zhao, Tiffany Kim, Donghui Zhu
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with aging. Two-dimensional cell culture and animal models have contributed to our understanding of the disease mechanism, but they cannot fully capture the complexity of human brain tissue. The emergence of three-dimensional cerebral organoid models offers a more accurate representation of human brain tissue.
BIOENGINEERING & TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yalun Zhang, Yi Zhang, Yahyah Aman, Cheung Toa Ng, Wing-Hin Chau, Zhigang Zhang, Ming Yue, Christopher Bohm, Yizhen Jia, Siwen Li, Qiuju Yuan, Jennifer Griffin, Kin Chiu, Dana S. M. Wong, Binbin Wang, Dongyan Jin, Ekaterina Rogaeva, Paul E. Fraser, Evandro F. Fang, Peter St George-Hyslop, You-Qiang Song
Summary: Research has shown that the transcription factor PAX6 is increased in Alzheimer's disease, playing a key role in the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein induced by amyloid-beta. Downregulation of PAX6 can protect against amyloid-beta-induced neuronal death. This study provides novel potential targets for pharmaceutical intervention by modulating signaling pathways involving CDK/pRB/E2F1.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pasquale Picone, Tiziana Sanfilippo, Sonya Vasto, Sara Baldassano, Rossella Guggino, Domenico Nuzzo, Donatella Bulone, Pier Luigi San Biagio, Emanuela Muscolino, Roberto Monastero, Clelia Dispenza, Daniela Giacomazza
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly, characterized by senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. There is currently a lack of treatment options aside from symptomatic medications. This review presents research results on the use of peptides of different sizes for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Jorge A. Trejo-Lopez, Anthony T. Yachnis, Stefan Prokop
Summary: Postmortem diagnosis remains central to Alzheimer's disease research, but advances in pathophysiology understanding and clinical diagnosis have shifted the perspective. In addition to the key pathological hallmarks, the diversity of accompanying pathological changes is gaining attention.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Alexandra J. Malbon, Lorena Sordo, Liam A. Wilson, Danielle Gunn-Moore, Georgios Paraschou, Neil Macintyre, Tobias Schwarz, Bruce McGorum, Caroline Hahn
Summary: Neurodegenerative disorders are becoming increasingly important in ageing populations of animals and people. This study identified the characteristic lesions of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the brains of donkeys, which may prompt further research on their metabolic status.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Peiyi Li, Qing Yu, Huimin Nie, Chengyu Yin, Boyi Liu
Summary: Pain is a major characteristic of many diseases and chronic pain burdens patients physically and mentally. Current medications for chronic pain are sometimes inefficient and may cause side effects. IL-33/ST2 signaling plays an important role in regulating pain in both immune and somatosensory systems and is also involved in chronic itch. Targeting IL-33/ST2 signaling holds promise for the management of pain and itch.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Carlo Abbate
Summary: Alzheimer's disease starts in neural stem cells and their migration processes, with amyloid pathology exacerbating tau pathology. The chronic inflammation triggered by extracellular amyloid-beta deposits further amplifies tau pathogenesis, leading to degeneration of neuronal networks. This cascade of events contributes to the development and spread of Alzheimer's disease.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Kunie Ando, Siranjeevi Nagaraj, Fahri Kucukali, Marie-Ange De Fisenne, Andreea-Claudia Kosa, Emilie Doeraene, Lidia Lopez Gutierrez, Jean-Pierre Brion, Karelle Leroy
Summary: This article provides an overview of the current knowledge about the PICALM gene, including its physiological functions, genetic variants, post-translational modifications, and relevance to Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sharay E. Setti, Nikita Das, James Raymick, Joseph Hanig, Sumit Sarkar
Summary: This study found that the styrylbenzene derivative FSB is a valuable marker that can simultaneously label senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, with higher fluorescence intensity for detecting Alzheimer's disease pathology.
METABOLIC BRAIN DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Clara Munoz-Castro, Ayush Noori, Colin G. Magdamo, Zhaozhi Li, Jordan D. Marks, Matthew P. Frosch, Sudeshna Das, Bradley T. Hyman, Alberto Serrano-Pozo
Summary: This study developed a method of fluorescent immunohistochemistry and image analysis that enables a comprehensive quantitative characterization of astrocytes and microglia in Alzheimer's disease. The results revealed three distinct phenotypes of glial cells and their association with AD pathology. The study also demonstrated the potential of machine learning models in accurately discriminating control vs. AD diagnoses at the single-cell level.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Devargya Ganguly, Joshua Abby Thomas, Abid Ali, Rahul Kumar
Summary: EphA-4 plays a significant role in the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Inhibition of EphA-4 can alleviate symptoms and affect the development of the disease. Further research on the regulation pathways of EphA-4 and the development of therapeutic methods targeting its enzymatic activity are important.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Corine Glineur, Ines Leleu, Sylviane Pied
Summary: Interleukin-33 (IL-33) plays a critical role in cerebral malaria and its signaling pathway may affect the permeability of brain and cerebrospinal barriers. IL-33 serum levels are higher in children with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria and correlate with parasite load.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Charlotte E. M. Coleman, Jessica Pudwell, Chad McClintock, Ann Korkidakis, Michael Green, Maria P. Velez
Summary: Survival rates for adolescent and young adult patients with hematological malignancies are improving, but they report poor oncofertility care. A retrospective cohort study found missed opportunities for fertility discussions despite a slight increase in consultation rates, indicating room for improvement.
JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT AND YOUNG ADULT ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Primary Health Care
Michelle Greiver, Alys Havard, Juliana K. F. Bowles, Sumeet Kalia, Tao Chen, Babak Aliarzadeh, Rahim Moineddin, Julian Sherlock, William Hinton, Frank Sullivan, Braden O'Neill, Conrad Pow, Aashka Bhatt, Fahurrozi Rahman, Bernardo Meza-Torres, Melisa Litchfield, Simon de Lusignan
Summary: The uptake of new glucose-lowering medications among patients with type 2 diabetes in Australia, Canada, England, and Scotland was analyzed. The study found that new drugs are displacing sulfonylureas and combinations of metformin and new drug classes are increasing. Despite evidence of better outcomes, the adoption of SGLT2 inhibitors lagged behind DPP4 inhibitors.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF GENERAL PRACTICE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Richard H. Glazier, Michael E. Green, Fangyun C. Wu, Eliot Frymire, Alexander Kopp, Tara Kiran
Summary: The study found that there was a significant shift in primary care in Ontario from office to virtual care during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, with a 28.0% decrease in total visits. However, total visits in rural areas increased by 6.4%. The smallest declines in visits were seen among older adults and patients with higher expected health care use. Virtual care made up a significant portion of primary care physician visits, but uptake was lower among children, rural residents, and physicians with more patients.
CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Lynden (Lindsay) Crowshoe, Anika Sehgal, Stephanie Montesanti, Cheryl Barnabe, Andrea Kennedy, Adam Murry, Pamela Roach, Michael Green, Cara Bablitz, Esther Tailfeathers, Rita Henderson
Summary: The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada released its Final Report in 2015 with 94 Calls to Action, some of which urged the health care sector to reform based on the principles of reconciliation. In Alberta, Canada, various initiatives have been implemented to address health legacy Calls to Action, but without a formal mechanism to connect them, resulting in limited overall improvements. Stakeholders from across Alberta gathered in 2019 to provide direction for an Indigenous Health Research network focused on primary health care and policy research.
Article
Primary Health Care
Jatinderpreet Singh, Allison Lou, Michael Green, Erin Keely, Mary Greenaway, Clare Liddy
Summary: Access to transgender care in Canada is poor, and many primary care providers feel uncomfortable providing transgender care. A study on an electronic consultation (eConsult) service between primary care providers and specialists in transgender care showed improved access to care for transgender patients. The study identified common themes of clinical questions and found that eConsults helped avoid face-to-face referrals and were rated highly by primary care providers.
BMC FAMILY PRACTICE
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Christopher Meaney, Michael Escobar, Rahim Moineddin, Therese A. Stukel, Sumeet Kalia, Babak Aliarzadeh, Tao Chen, Braden O'Neill, Michelle Greiver
Summary: This study uses non-negative matrix factorization to learn a temporal topic model that characterizes the diverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the physical/mental/social health of residents in Toronto, Canada. Analyzing a large collection of primary care clinical notes, the study uncovers many pandemic-related effects, including direct effects on patient health and indirect effects on mental health, sleep, social dynamics, and healthcare utilization. The study also identifies changes in primary care practice patterns resulting from the pandemic, such as changes in electronic medical records and the adoption of telemedicine.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kimberly Lazare, Sumeet Kalia, Babak Aliarzadeh, Steven Bernard, Rahim Moineddin, David Eisen, Michelle Greiver, David Kaplan, David Koczerginski, Maria Muraca, Wai Lun Alan Fung, Braden O'Neill
Summary: This study utilized an integrated primary-secondary care database in Toronto to examine the utilization of hospital and primary care services among individuals with mental health conditions or addictions. The findings revealed that individuals with mental health diagnoses accessed healthcare services at higher rates compared to those without such diagnoses, and there were long wait times for specialized psychiatric care.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Scott R. Garrison, Michael R. Kolber, G. Michael Allan, Jeffrey Bakal, Lee Green, Alexander Singer, Darryl R. Trueman, Finlay A. McAlister, Raj S. Padwal, Michael D. Hill, Braden Manns, Kimberlyn McGrail, Braden O'Neill, Michelle Greiver, Liesbeth S. Froentjes, Donna P. Manca, Dee Mangin, Sabrina T. Wong, Cathy MacLean, Jessica Em Kirkwood, Rita McCracken, James P. McCormack, Colleen Norris, Tina Korownyk
Summary: The BedMed trial aims to evaluate whether bedtime antihypertensive administration can reduce cardiovascular events. The trial will continue until 254 primary outcome events have occurred, with 3227 participants currently enrolled.
Article
Primary Health Care
Maggie Siu, Rachael Morkem, David Barber, John Queenan, Michelle Greiver
Summary: This study explored the comprehensiveness of care in patients with depression by examining the associations between a diagnosis of depression, frequency of primary care visits, and completion of Papanicolaou test. The results showed that having a diagnosis of depression was associated with a lower likelihood of completing the Pap test. However, women with depression who had more primary care visits were more likely to be screened for cervical cancer.
CANADIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN
(2022)
Review
Medical Informatics
Christopher Meaney, Therese A. Stukel, Peter C. Austin, Rahim Moineddin, Michelle Greiver, Michael Escobar
Summary: This study reviews several methods for assessing the quality of unsupervised topic models and discusses their advantages and disadvantages. By using different metrics and human judgement, it is found that different quality indices have different impacts on model selection.
BMC MEDICAL INFORMATICS AND DECISION MAKING
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
P. Alison Paprica, Monique Crichlow, Donna Curtis Maillet, Sarah Kesselring, Conrad Pow, Thomas P. Scarnecchia, Michael J. Schull, Rosario G. Cartagena, Annabelle Cumyn, Salman Dostmohammad, Keith O. Elliston, Michelle Greiver, Amy Hawn Nelson, Sean L. Hill, Wanrudee Isaranuwatchai, Evgueni Loukipoudis, James Ted McDonald, John R. McLaughlin, Alan Rabinowitz, Fahad Razak, Stefaan G. Verhulst, Amol A. Verma, J. Charles Victor, Andrew Young, Joanna Yu, Kimberlyn McGrail
Summary: This article introduces a project conducted by an international team to test and refine the minimum specification essential requirements (min specs). Through analysis and discussion, an updated set of 15 min specs covering various categories has been integrated into a Canadian national standard. These specifications help organizations and initiatives communicate and compare their responsible and trustworthy data governance and management practices.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POPULATION DATA SCIENCE (IJPDS)
(2023)
Article
Primary Health Care
Tu N. Nguyen, Sumeet Kalia, Peter Hanlon, Bhautesh D. Jani, Barbara I. Nicholl, Chelsea D. Christie, Babak Aliarzadeh, Rahim Moineddin, Christopher Harrison, Clara Chow, Martin Fortin, Frances S. Mair, Michelle Greiver
Summary: This study investigated the association between multimorbidity and blood pressure control in people with hypertension attending primary care in Canada. The study found that multimorbidity was associated with better blood pressure control, with conditions such as diabetes, heart failure, ischemic heart disease, schizophrenia, depression/anxiety, dementia, and osteoarthritis being associated with a lower likelihood of uncontrolled blood pressure.
JOURNAL OF PRIMARY CARE AND COMMUNITY HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Jennifer Shuldiner, Tara Kiran, Payal Agarwal, Maryam Daneshvarfard, Kirsten Eldridge, Susie Kim, Michelle Greiver, Iffat Jokhio, Noah Ivers
Summary: This study utilized A&F theory and user-centered design to develop a web-based primary care A&F dashboard. By incorporating user interview data and the team's experience, we designed a dashboard that meets the needs and goals of physicians, including addressing data skepticism, spurring action, and supporting physician engagement in quality improvement work.
JMIR HUMAN FACTORS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Katrina A. D'Urzo, Itamar E. Tamari, Kenneth R. Chapman, M. Reza Maleki-Yazdi, Michelle Greiver, Ross Eg Upshur, Lana Biro, Braden O'Neill, Rahim Moineddin, Babak Aliarzadeh, Kulamakan Kulasegaram, Teresa To, Anthony D. D'Urzo
Summary: This study aims to address the poor co-ordination of care between primary care and specialist settings in managing severe asthma through the establishment of a severe asthma registry and an educational programme for primary care providers. This manuscript describes the first phase of the study, which involves establishing criteria for diagnosing severe asthma, creating a severe asthma registry, and defining a Clinician Behaviour Index (CBI) based on electronic-medical record data.
Article
Primary Health Care
Hamidreza Goodarzynejad, Christopher Meaney, Paula Brauer, Michelle Greiver, Rahim Moineddin, Alan A. Monavvari
Summary: The study reveals a modest increase in average BMI among Canadian adults between 2011 and 2016. Male patients have higher BMI on average compared to female patients, and young adults show the fastest increase in BMI compared to older adults. These findings suggest that current obesity management in primary care fails to moderate weight gain in different age and sex groups, emphasizing the need for preventive measures targeting younger individuals.
CANADIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN
(2022)